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Comparison of methods for deriving phenotypes from incomplete observation data with an application to age at puberty in dairy cattle

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j.urnal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 535-545页

作者： Melissa A.Stephen Chris R.Burke j.nnie E.Pryce Nicole M.Steele peter R.Amer Susanne Meier Claire V.C.Phyn Dorian j.Garrick DairyNZ Ltd 605 Ruakura RoadHamilton 3240New Zealand AL Rae Centre for Genetics and Breeding-Massey University RuakuraHamilton 3214New Zealand Agriculture Victoria Research AgriBioCentre for AgriBioscienceBundooraVictoria 3083Australia School of Applied Systems Biology La Trobe UniversityBundooraVictoria 3083Australia AbacusBio DunedinNew Zealand

Background Many phenotypes in animal breeding are derived from incomplete measures,especially if they are challenging or expensive to measure *** include time-dependent traits such as reproductive status,or *** measures for these traits result in phenotypes that are subj.ct to left-,interval-and rightcensoring,where phenotypes are only known to fall below an upper bound,between a lower and upper bound,or above a lower bound *** we compare three methods for deriving phenotypes from incomplete data using age at first elevation(>1 ng/mL)in blood plasma progesterone(AGEP4),which generally coincides with onset of puberty,as an example *** We produced AGEP4 phenotypes from three blood samples collected at about 30-day intervals from approximately 5,000 Holstein–Friesian or Holstein–Friesian×j.rsey cross-bred dairy heifers managed in 54 seasonal-calving,pasture-based herds in New *** used these actual data to simulate 7 different visit scenarios,increasing the extent of censoring by disregarding data from one or two of the three *** methods for deriving phenotypes from these data were explored:1)ordinal categorical variables which were analysed using categorical threshold analysis;2)continuous variables,with a penalty of 31 d assigned to right-censored phenotypes;and 3)continuous variables,sampled from within a lower and upper bound using a data augmentation *** Credibility intervals for heritability estimations overlapped across all methods and visit scenarios,but estimated heritabilities tended to be higher when left censoring was *** sires with at least 5 daughters,the correlations between estimated breeding values(EBVs)from our three-visit scenario and each reduced data scenario varied by method,ranging from 0.65 to *** estimated breed effects also varied by method,but breed differences were smaller as phenotype censoring *** Our results indicate that using

关键词： Cattle Gibbs sampler Markov-chain Monte Carlo(MCMC) Puberty

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Dual Additives for Stabilizing Li Deposition and SEI Formation in Anode-Free Li-Metal Batteries

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第3期7卷 84-92页

作者： Baolin Wu Chunguang Chen Dmitri L.Danilov Zhiqiang Chen Ming j.ang Rüdiger-A.Eichel peter H.L.Notten Forschungszentrum j.lich(IEK-9) D-52425Jülich Germany RWTH Aachen University D-52074Aachen Germany LNM Institute of MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Engineering Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Eindhoven University of Technology P.O.Box 5135600 MBEindhoven The Netherlands School of Electronics and Information Institute of Carbon Neutrality and New EnergyHangzhou Dianzi UniversityHangzhou 310018China University of Technology Sydney BroadwaySydney NSW 2007Australia

Anode-free Li-metal batteries are of significant interest to energy storage industries due to their intrinsically high ***,the accumulative Li dendrites and dead Li continuously consume active Li during *** results in a short lifetime and low Coulombic efficiency of anode-free Li-metal *** effective electrolyte additives can improve the Li deposition homogeneity and solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)stability for anode-free Li-metal ***,we reveal that introducing dual additives,composed of LiAsF6 and fluoroethylene carbonate,into a low-cost commercial carbonate electrolyte will boost the cycle life and average Coulombic efficiency of NMC‖Cu anode-free Li-metal *** NMC‖Cu anode-free Li-metal batteries with the dual additives exhibit a capacity retention of about 75%after 50 cycles,much higher than those with bare electrolytes(35%).The average Coulombic efficiency of the NMC‖Cu anode-free Li-metal batteries with additives can maintain 98.3%over 100 *** contrast,the average Coulombic efficiency without additives rapidly decline to 97%after only 50 *** situ Raman measurements reveal that the prepared dual additives facilitate denser and smoother Li morphology during Li *** dual additives significantly suppress the Li dendrite growth,enabling stable SEI formation on anode and cathode *** results provide a broad view of developing low-cost and high-effective functional electrolytes for high-energy and long-life anode-free Li-metal batteries.

关键词： anode-free lithium metal battery dual additives in situ Raman Li growth SEI formation

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Bound State Description of Particles from a Quantum Field Theory of Fermions and Bosons, Compatible with Relativity

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j.urnal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2024年第2期10卷 562-573页

作者： Hans-peter Morsch HOFF J&uumllich Germany

Both, the dilemma to find a quantum field theory consistent with Einstein’s law of relativity and the problem to describe existing particles as bound states of matter has been solved by calculating bound state matrix elements from a dual fermion-boson Lagrangian. In this formalism, the fermion binding energies are compensated by boson energies, indicating that particles can be generated out of the vacuum. This yields quantitative solutions for various mesons ω (0.78 GeV) - Υ (9.46 GeV) and all leptons e, μ and τ, with uncertainties in the extracted properties of less than 1‰. For transparency, a Web-page with the address htpps://*** has been constructed, where all calculations can be run on line and also the underlying fortran source code can be inspected.

关键词： Quantum Field Theory of Fermion and Boson Fields Hadrons and Leptons Described as Bound States of Relativistic Fermions and Bosons Leading to a Total Energy Equal to Zero

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Does a shift in shade tolerance as suggested by seedling morphology explain differences in regeneration success of northern red oak in native and introduced ranges?

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j.urnal of Forestry Research 2022年第3期33卷 949-962页

作者： peter Nosko Kerri Moreau Christian Kuehne kelly C.Maj.r j.rgen Bauhus Department of Biology and Chemistry Nipissing UniversityNorth BayONP1B 8L7Canada Chair of Silviculture Freiburg University79085FreiburgGermany Division of Forestry and Forest Resources Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchP.O.Box 1151431ÅsNorway Tulloch Engineering 1942 Regent StUnit LSudburyONP3E 5V5Canada

Across North America, forests dominated by Quercus rubra L. (northern red oak), a moderately shade-tolerant tree species, are undergoing successional replacement by shade-tolerant competitors. Under closed canopies, Q. rubra seedlings are unable to compete with these shade-tolerant species and do not recruit to upper forest strata. In Europe, natural regeneration of introduced Q. rubra is often successful despite the absence of fire, which promotes regeneration in the native range. Considering that understorey light availability is a maj.r factor affecting recruitment of seedlings, we hypothesized that Q. rubra seedlings are more shade tolerant in the introduced range than in the native range. Morphological traits and biomass allocation patterns of seedlings indicative of shade tolerance were compared for Q. rubra and three co-occurring native species in two closed-canopy forests in the native range (Ontario, Canada) and introduced range (Baden-Württemburg, Germany). In the native range, Q. rubra allocated a greater proportion of biomass to roots, while in the introduced range, growth and allocation patterns favored the development of leaves. Q. rubra seedlings had greater annual increases in height, diameter and biomass in the introduced range. Q. rubra seedlings in the introduced range were also younger;however, they had a mean area per leaf and a total leaf area per seedling that were five times greater than seedlings in the native range. Such differences in morphological traits and allocation patterns support the hypothesis that Q. rubra expresses greater shade tolerance in the introduced range, and that natural regeneration of Q. rubra is not as limited by shade as in the native range. The ability of Q. rubra seedlings to grow faster under closed canopies in Europe may explain the discrepancy in regeneration success of this species in native and introduced ranges. Future research should confirm findings of this study over a greater geographical range in native

关键词： Alien species Cross-continental study Forest regeneration Introduced species Seedling morphology Plant functional traits Quercus rubra

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Variability in total cost of vehicle ownership across vehicle and user profiles

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Communications in Transportation Research 2022年第1期2卷 206-221页

作者： Yulu Guo j.Andrew kelly j.peter Clinch UCD Environmental Policy University College DublinRichviewClonskeaghIreland EnvEcon Decision Support 11 Priory Office ParkBlackrockDublinIreland UCD Earth Institute and UCD Geary Institute for Public Policy BelfieldDublin4Ireland

Widespread adoption of electric vehicles(EVs)is a common and critical component of international strategies to mitigate environmental pollution,climate change and oil *** ability of consumers to assess the total cost of ownership(TCO)of EVs relative to internal combustion engine vehicles(ICEVs)remains an important factor for EV *** TCO of vehicles is not universal across different car segments and user *** analyse and compare the TCO of ICEVs and EVs from 17 car segments across short-and long-term ownership periods,and further advance existing TCO approaches by integrating detailed activity-based driving profiles,taxation,grant structures and *** show that EV options in the most popular Irish car segments have existing battery EV options with a TCO averaging respectively 26% and 42% less than their equivalent petrol and diesel ICEV options over a 4-year ownership term when the current grant is *** integrated method for granular TCO evaluation offers important insights for this market and affords scope to investigate how changes in travel patterns,car-segment pricing,taxation,grant policy,fuel costs,and carbon pricing and other transport policies can all affect TCO values over time across a broad range of market offerings.

关键词： Total cost of ownership Electric vehicles(EVs) Driving profile Car segments Depreciation cost Transport Climate policy

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CCS Research Development and Deployment in a Clean Energy Future： Lessons from Australia over the Past Two Decades

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Engineering 2017年第4期3卷 477-484页

作者： peter j. Cook CO2CRC Ltd.& peter Cook Centre for Carbon Capture and Storage Research The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC 2010 Australia

There is widespread, though by no means universal, recognition of the importance of carbon capture and storage （CCS） as a carbon mitigation technology. However, the rate of deployment does not match what is required for global temperatures to stay well below 2℃. Although some consider the hurdles to achieving the widespread application of CCS to he almost insurmountable, a more optimistic view is that a great deal is now known about CCS through research, demonstration, and deployment. We know how to do it; we are confident it can be done safely and effectively; we know what it costs; and we know that costs are decreasing and will continue to do so. We also know that the world will need CCS as long as countries, companies, and communities continue to use fossil fuels for energy and industrial processes. What is lacking are the necessary policy drivers, along with a technology-neutral approach to decrease carbon emissions in a cost-effective and timely manner while retaining the undoubted benefits of ready access to reliable and secure electricity and energy-intensive industrial products. In this paper, Australia is used as an example of what has been undertaken in CCS over the past 20 years, particularly in research and demonstration, hut also in international collaboration. Progress in the large-scale deployment of CCS in Australia has been too slow. However, the world＇s largest storage proj.ct will soon be operational in Australia as part of the Gorgon liquefied natural gas （LNG） proj.ct, and investigations are underway into several large-scale CCS Flagship program opportunities. The organization and progress of the Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies （CO2CRC） Otway Proj.ct, which is currently Australia＇s only operational storage proj.ct, is discussed in some detail because of its relevance to the commercial deployment of CCS. The point is made that there is scope for building on this Otway activity to investigate more broadly （through the p

关键词： Carbon dioxide Carbon capture and storage Otway Australia

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Inbreeding and genetic load in a pair of sibling grouse species:Tetrastes sewersowi and ***

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 265-270页

作者： Kai Song Tom van der Valk Bin Gao peter Halvarsson Yun Fang Wendong Xie Siegfried Klaus Zhiming Han Yue-Hua Sun j.cob Hoglund Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China Animal Ecology Department of Ecology and GeneticsUppsala UniversityNorbyvagen 18DUppsala75236Sweden Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Uppsala75273Sweden Unit of Parasitology Department of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public HealthSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesPO Box 7036Uppsala75007Sweden Lindenhohe 5 JenaD-07749Germany The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China

Genetic load and inbreeding are recognized as important factors to be considered in conservation *** levels of both can increase the risk of population extinction by negatively impacting fitness-related characters in many species of plants and animals,including humans(inbreeding depression).Genomic tech-niques are increasingly used in measuring and understanding genetic load and inbreeding and their importance in evolution and *** used whole genome resequencing data from two sibling grouse species in subarctic Eurasia to quantify *** found a large range of inbreeding measured as FROH(fraction of runs of homozygosity)in individuals from different populations of Chinese Grouse(Tetrastes sewerzowi)and Hazel Grouse(***).FROH estimated from genome-wide runs of homozygosity(ROH)ranged from 0.02 to 0.24 among Chinese Grouse populations and from 0.01 to 0.44 in Hazel *** from a population of Chinese Grouse residing in the Qilian mountains and from the European populations of Hazel Grouse(including samples from Sweden,Germany and Northeast Poland)were the most inbred(FROH ranged from 0.10 to 0.23 and 0.11 to 0.44,respectively).These levels are comparable to other highly inbred populations of *** Grouse from northern China and Chinese Grouse residing in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau showed relatively lower inbreeding *** of the ratio between deleterious missense mutations and synonymous mutations revealed higher levels in Chinese Grouse as compared to Hazel *** results are possibly explained by higher fixation rates,mutational melt down,in the range-restricted Chinese Grouse compared to the wide-ranging Hazel ***,when we compared the relatively more severe class of loss-of-function muta-tions,Hazel Grouse had slightly higher levels than Chinese Grouse,a result which may indicate that purifying selection(purging)has been more efficient in Chinese Grouse on this class of mutations.

关键词： Genetic load Inbreeding Purifying selection Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau ROH Tetrastes

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Achieving strength–ductility synergy in novel paramagnetic Fe-based medium-entropy alloys through deep cryogenic deformation

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Rare Metals 2024年第9期43卷 4493-4507页

作者： Hu-Wen Ma Yan-Chun Zhao Li Feng Tian-Zeng Liu Zhi-Qi Yu Bo j.n Wang-Chun Duan peter K.Liaw Dong Ma State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-Ferrous Metals Lanzhou University of Technology Wenzhou Pump and Valve Engineering Research Institute Lanzhou University of Technology Iron and Steel Research Institute Jiuquan Iron and Steel Corporation Lanzhou Resources and Environment Voc-Tech University Department of Materials Science and Engineering The University of Tennessee Neutron Science Center Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory

Cryogenic pre-deformation treatment has been widely used to effectively improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of steels and novel metals. However,the dislocation evolution and phase transformation induced by different degrees of deep cryogenic deformation are not yet fully elucidated. In this study, the effects of multiple cryogenic pre-treatments on the mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of a paramagnetic Fe63.3Mn14-Si9.1Cr9.8C3.8medium-entropy alloy（MEA） were investigated, leading to the discovery of a pretreated MEA that exhibits exceptional mechanical properties, including a fracture strength of 3.0 GPa, plastic strain of 26.1% and work-hardening index of 0.57. In addition, X-ray diffraction（XRD） and transmission electron microscopy（TEM）analyses revealed that multiple cryogenic pre-deformation treatments significantly increased the dislocation density of the MEA(from 9 × 1015to 4 × 1016m-2after three pretreatments), along with a transition in the dislocation type from predominantly edge dislocations to mixed dislocations（including screw-and edge-type dislocations）. Notably, this pretreated MEA retained its paramagnetic properties（μrj.m-2), thereby activating the synergistic effects of transformation-induced plasticity, twinning-induced plasticity and dislocation strengthening mechanisms. These synergistic effects lead to simultaneous strength and ductility enhancement of the MEA.

关键词： Deep cryogenic transformation Dislocation evolution Iron-based medium-entropy alloys Phase transformation Stacking fault energy

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Management of distal cholangiocarcinoma with arterial involvement: Systematic review and case series on the role of neoadj.vant therapy

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World j.urnal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第8期16卷 2689-2701页

作者： Lewis A Hall Duncan Loader Santiago Gouveia Marta Burak j.mes Halle-Smith peter Labib Moath Alarabiyat Ravi Marudanayagam Bobby V Dasari Keith j.Roberts Syed S Raza Michail Papamichail David C Bartlett Robert P Sutcliffe Nikolaos A Chatzizacharias Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirmingham B152GWUnited Kingdom Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom College of Medical and Dental Sciences University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom Institute of Clinical Sciences University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND The use of neoadj.vant therapy(NAT)in distal cholangiocarcinoma(dCCA)with regional arterial or extensive venous involvement,is not widely accepted and evidence is *** To synthesise evidence on NAT for dCCA and present the experience of a highvolume tertiary-centre managing dCCA with arterial *** A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidance to identify all studies reporting outcomes of patients with dCCA who received *** patients from 2017 to 2022 who were referred for NAT for dCCA at our centre were retrospectively collected from a prospectively maintained *** characteristics,NAT type,progression to surgery and oncological outcomes were *** Twelve studies were *** definition of“unresectable”locally advanced dCCA was *** studies reported outcomes for 9 patients who received NAT for dCCA with extensive vascular involvement.R0 resection rate ranged between 0 and 100%but without survival benefit in most *** studies considered either NAT in resectable dCCA or inclusive with extrahepatic *** presented case series includes 9 patients(median age 67,IQR 56-74 years,male:female 5:4)referred for NAT for borderline resectable or locally advanced *** patients progressed to surgery and 2 were *** patient died at 14 months with evidence of recurrence at 6 months and the other died at 51 months following recurrence 6 months *** Evidence for benefit of NAT is *** on criteria for uniform definition of resectability for dCCA is *** propose using the established National-Comprehensive-Cancer-Network®criteria for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

关键词： Cholangiocarcinoma Neoadj.vant therapy Arterial involvement Locally advanced Systematic review

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Organochlorides Mediate Oxidation Reactions Induced by Low Dose Ionizing Radiation

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第7期6卷 1712-1720页

作者： j.ncheng Liu Tobias G.Brevé Bing Xu peter-Leon Hagedoorn Antonia G.Denkova Rienk Eelkema Department of Radiation Science and Technology Delft University of Technology2629 JB Delft Department of Chemical Engineering Delft University of Technology2629 HZ Delft Department of Biotechnology Delft University of Technology2629 HZ Delft

The controlled release of drugs using local ionizing radiation presents a promising approach for targeted cancer treatment,particularly when applied in concurrent *** these approaches,radiation-generated reactive species often play an important ***,the reactive species that can be used to trigger release have low yield and lack ***,we demonstrate the generation of highly oxidative species when aqueous solutions containing low concentrations of organochlorides(such as chloroform)are irradiated with ionizing radiation at therapeutically relevant *** reactive species were identified as peroxyl radicals,which formed in a reaction cascade between organochlorides and aqueous *** employed stilbene-based probes to investigate the oxidation process,showing double bond oxidation and *** translate this reactivity into a radiation-sensitive material,we synthesized a micelle-forming amphiphilic block copolymer that has stilbene as the linker between two *** exposure to ionizing radiation,the oxidation of stilbene led to the cleavage of the polymer,which induces the dissociation of the block-copolymer micelles and the release of loaded drugs.

关键词： drug delivery micelles radiation chemistry reactive oxygen species ionizing radiation reaction mechanisms

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