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Pre-Cryogenian integrative stratigraphy,biotas,and paleogeographical evolution of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第4期67卷 899-918页

作者： Peiyuan HU Qingguo ZHAI Guochun ZHAO peter A.CAWOOD Yue TANG Yiming LIU Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China Department of Earth Sciences University of Hong KongPokfulam RoadHong Kong 999077China State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Department of GeologyNorthwest UniversityXi’an 710069China School of Earth Atmosphere&EnvironmentMonash UniversityMelbourneVIC 3800Australia

The composition and geological evolution of pre-Cryogenian material in the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas have played an important role in studying the formation and evolution of early supercontinents on *** paper systematically summarizes the characteristics of pre-Cryogenian sedimentation,paleontology,magmatism,and metamorphism in the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding *** on existing data,the records of pre-Cryogenian sedimentation and paleontology are mainly concentrated in the Meso-Neoproterozoic,with relatively few records from the Paleoproterozoic or *** oldest geological record is the Hadean detrital zircons in the metamorphosed sedimentary rocks of the Himalaya and Qamdo areas(ca.4.0 Ga).The Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas preserve records related to the formation and evolution of the Kenor supercraton,and the Columbia,Rodinia,and Gondwana ***-Cryogenian basements can be divided into three types:Tarim-,Yangtze-,and *** Tarim-type basement has a paleogeographic affinity with the northern margins of the Australian and Indian continents and lacks detrital zircon age peaks and magmatic-metamorphic records related to the Rodinia assembly(ca.1.3-0.9 Ga).The Yangtze-type basement records volcanic activity related to global cooling in the latest pre-Cryogenian period and contains Meso-Neoproterozoic stromatolite and micropaleoflora fossils,as well as magmaticmetamorphic records related to Rodinia assembly(ca.1.1-1.0 Ga).The Lhasa-type basement is characterized by Neoproterozoic rift-related sediment records(ca.900 Ma)and high-pressure metamorphic events(ca.650 Ma),with a prominent peak of detrital zircon ages of ca.1.2-1.1 *** is likely to have a paleogeographic affinity with the African continent.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Pre-Cryogenian Sedimentation Fossils Paleogeographic evolution

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Blood metal concentrations and cardiac structure and function in total joint arthroplasty patients

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World journal of Orthopedics 2024年第8期15卷 773-782页

作者： peter C Brennan Stephanie M peterson Thomas j O'Byrne Mariana L Laporta Cody C Wyles Paul j jannetto Garvan C Kane Maria Vassilaki Hilal Maradit Kremers Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Quantitative Health Sciences Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Cardiovascular Diseases Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States

BACKGROUND There is concern regarding potential long-term cardiotoxicity with systemic distribution of metals in total joint arthroplasty(TjA)*** To determine the association of commonly used implant metals with echocardiographic measures in TjA *** The study comprised 110 TjA patients who had a recent history of high chromium,cobalt or titanium *** underwent two-dimensional,three-dimensional,Doppler and speckle-strain transthoracic echocardiography and a blood draw to measure metal *** and sex-adjusted linear and logistic regression models were used to examine the association of metal concentrations(exposure)with echocardiographic measures(outcome).RESULTS Higher cobalt concentrations were associated with increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume(estimate 5.09;95%CI:0.02-10.17)as well as left atrial and right ventricular dilation,particularly in men but no changes in cardiac *** titanium concentrations were associated with a reduction in left ventricle global longitudinal strain(estimate 0.38;95%CI:0.70 to 0.06)and cardiac index(estimate 0.08;95%CI,-0.15 to-0.01).CONCLUSION Elevated cobalt and titanium concentrations may be associated with structural and functional cardiac changes in some *** studies are warranted to better understand the systemic effects of metals in TjA patients.

关键词： Total joint arthroplasty Metal-on-metal Cardiotoxicity Heart failure Echocardiography Cobalt

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从机械机器人到智能机器人:人工智能的图像学

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外国文学研究 2024年第3期46卷 1-7页

作者： W.j.T.米切尔韦清琦(译) 美国芝加哥大学东南大学外国语学院

智能机器人将人类带入了自原子弹、电灯或是印刷术以来最伟大的科技革命之中,同时智能机器也能走火入魔这一构思也向来是科幻作品的核心想象。纵观媒体发明的历史长河,对人工智能的恐慌并不新鲜,人们曾认为书写的发明和照相术将扼杀记... 详细信息

智能机器人将人类带入了自原子弹、电灯或是印刷术以来最伟大的科技革命之中,同时智能机器也能走火入魔这一构思也向来是科幻作品的核心想象。纵观媒体发明的历史长河,对人工智能的恐慌并不新鲜,人们曾认为书写的发明和照相术将扼杀记忆和绘画,现在又照例指责数码正在毁灭模拟技术的独一性。人类应该冷静下来,采取对症下药的态度。有必要解构关于人与机器之差异的想象,而毋需躲避与智能机器人的交互谈话。人类物种虽然在作茧自缚,但同时又以进化与生态智能为基础,努力建设可持续全球体系。图像学研究的图像和文字同时包括了机器和人类的作品,因而相关的研究者应明确自己的任务:就文字与图像和智能机器人展开对话,在上述人类的生存努力中谋求与智能机器人携手合作。

关键词：智能机器人人工智能机器图像学传媒人文

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Hepatic angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and in patients with fatal COVID-19

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第31期30卷 3705-3716页

作者： Angus K jacobs Steven D Morley Kay Samuel Katie Morgan Lyndsey Boswell Timothy j Kendall David A Dorward jonathan A Fallowfield peter C Hayes john N Plevris Hepatology Laboratory University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164SBUnited Kingdom Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service Jack Copland CentreEdinburgh EH144BEUnited Kingdom Institute for Regeneration and Repair University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164UUUnited Kingdom Edinburgh Pathology University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164SBUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),characterised by hepatic lipid accumulation,causes inflammation and oxidative stress accompanied by cell damage and *** injury(LI)is also frequently reported in patients hospitalised with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),while preexisting MASLD increases the risk of LI and the development of COVID-19-associated *** of injury at the cellular level remain unclear,but it may be significant that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)which causes COVID-19,uses angiotensin-converting expression enzyme 2(ACE2),a key regulator of the‘anti-inflammatory’arm of the renin-angiotensin system,for viral attachment and host cell *** To determine if hepatic ACE2 levels are altered during progression of MASLD and in patients who died with severe *** ACE2 protein levels and localisation,and histological fibrosis and lipid droplet accumulation as markers of MASLD were determined in formalin-fixed liver tissue sections across the MASLD pathological spectrum(isolated hepatocellular steatosis,metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH)+/-fibrosis,end-stage cirrhosis)and in post-mortem tissues from patients who had died with severe COVID-19,using ACE2 immunohistochemistry and haematoxylin and eosin and picrosirius red staining of total collagen and lipid droplet areas,followed by quantification using machine learning-based image pixel *** ACE2 staining is primarily intracellular and concentrated in the cytoplasm of centrilobular hepatocytes and apical membranes of bile duct ***,ACE2 protein levels are elevated in non-fibrotic MASH compared to healthy controls but not in the progression to MASH with fibrosis and in ***2 protein levels and histological fibrosis are not associated,but ACE2 and liver lipid droplet content are significantly correlated across the MASLD *** A

关键词： Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 Immunohistochemistry COVID-19 COVID-19-associated cholangiopathy

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Bound State Description of Particles from a Quantum Field Theory of Fermions and Bosons, Compatible with Relativity

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journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2024年第2期10卷 562-573页

作者： Hans-peter Morsch HOFF J&uumllich Germany

Both, the dilemma to find a quantum field theory consistent with Einstein’s law of relativity and the problem to describe existing particles as bound states of matter has been solved by calculating bound state matrix elements from a dual fermion-boson Lagrangian. In this formalism, the fermion binding energies are compensated by boson energies, indicating that particles can be generated out of the vacuum. This yields quantitative solutions for various mesons ω (0.78 GeV) - Υ (9.46 GeV) and all leptons e, μ and τ, with uncertainties in the extracted properties of less than 1‰. For transparency, a Web-page with the address htpps://*** has been constructed, where all calculations can be run on line and also the underlying fortran source code can be inspected.

关键词： Quantum Field Theory of Fermion and Boson Fields Hadrons and Leptons Described as Bound States of Relativistic Fermions and Bosons Leading to a Total Energy Equal to Zero

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Inbreeding and genetic load in a pair of sibling grouse species:Tetrastes sewersowi and ***

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 265-270页

作者： Kai Song Tom van der Valk Bin Gao peter Halvarsson Yun Fang Wendong Xie Siegfried Klaus Zhiming Han Yue-Hua Sun jacob Hoglund Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China Animal Ecology Department of Ecology and GeneticsUppsala UniversityNorbyvagen 18DUppsala75236Sweden Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Uppsala75273Sweden Unit of Parasitology Department of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public HealthSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesPO Box 7036Uppsala75007Sweden Lindenhohe 5 JenaD-07749Germany The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China

Genetic load and inbreeding are recognized as important factors to be considered in conservation *** levels of both can increase the risk of population extinction by negatively impacting fitness-related characters in many species of plants and animals,including humans(inbreeding depression).Genomic tech-niques are increasingly used in measuring and understanding genetic load and inbreeding and their importance in evolution and *** used whole genome resequencing data from two sibling grouse species in subarctic Eurasia to quantify *** found a large range of inbreeding measured as FROH(fraction of runs of homozygosity)in individuals from different populations of Chinese Grouse(Tetrastes sewerzowi)and Hazel Grouse(***).FROH estimated from genome-wide runs of homozygosity(ROH)ranged from 0.02 to 0.24 among Chinese Grouse populations and from 0.01 to 0.44 in Hazel *** from a population of Chinese Grouse residing in the Qilian mountains and from the European populations of Hazel Grouse(including samples from Sweden,Germany and Northeast Poland)were the most inbred(FROH ranged from 0.10 to 0.23 and 0.11 to 0.44,respectively).These levels are comparable to other highly inbred populations of *** Grouse from northern China and Chinese Grouse residing in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau showed relatively lower inbreeding *** of the ratio between deleterious missense mutations and synonymous mutations revealed higher levels in Chinese Grouse as compared to Hazel *** results are possibly explained by higher fixation rates,mutational melt down,in the range-restricted Chinese Grouse compared to the wide-ranging Hazel ***,when we compared the relatively more severe class of loss-of-function muta-tions,Hazel Grouse had slightly higher levels than Chinese Grouse,a result which may indicate that purifying selection(purging)has been more efficient in Chinese Grouse on this class of mutations.

关键词： Genetic load Inbreeding Purifying selection Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau ROH Tetrastes

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Achieving strength–ductility synergy in novel paramagnetic Fe-based medium-entropy alloys through deep cryogenic deformation

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Rare Metals 2024年第9期43卷 4493-4507页

作者： Hu-Wen Ma Yan-Chun Zhao Li Feng Tian-Zeng Liu Zhi-Qi Yu Bo jin Wang-Chun Duan peter K.Liaw Dong Ma State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-Ferrous Metals Lanzhou University of Technology Wenzhou Pump and Valve Engineering Research Institute Lanzhou University of Technology Iron and Steel Research Institute Jiuquan Iron and Steel Corporation Lanzhou Resources and Environment Voc-Tech University Department of Materials Science and Engineering The University of Tennessee Neutron Science Center Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory

Cryogenic pre-deformation treatment has been widely used to effectively improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of steels and novel metals. However,the dislocation evolution and phase transformation induced by different degrees of deep cryogenic deformation are not yet fully elucidated. In this study, the effects of multiple cryogenic pre-treatments on the mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of a paramagnetic Fe63.3Mn14-Si9.1Cr9.8C3.8medium-entropy alloy（MEA） were investigated, leading to the discovery of a pretreated MEA that exhibits exceptional mechanical properties, including a fracture strength of 3.0 GPa, plastic strain of 26.1% and work-hardening index of 0.57. In addition, X-ray diffraction（XRD） and transmission electron microscopy（TEM）analyses revealed that multiple cryogenic pre-deformation treatments significantly increased the dislocation density of the MEA(from 9 × 1015to 4 × 1016m-2after three pretreatments), along with a transition in the dislocation type from predominantly edge dislocations to mixed dislocations（including screw-and edge-type dislocations）. Notably, this pretreated MEA retained its paramagnetic properties（μrj·m-2), thereby activating the synergistic effects of transformation-induced plasticity, twinning-induced plasticity and dislocation strengthening mechanisms. These synergistic effects lead to simultaneous strength and ductility enhancement of the MEA.

关键词： Deep cryogenic transformation Dislocation evolution Iron-based medium-entropy alloys Phase transformation Stacking fault energy

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Organochlorides Mediate Oxidation Reactions Induced by Low Dose Ionizing Radiation

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第7期6卷 1712-1720页

作者： juncheng Liu Tobias G.Brevé Bing Xu peter-Leon Hagedoorn Antonia G.Denkova Rienk Eelkema Department of Radiation Science and Technology Delft University of Technology2629 JB Delft Department of Chemical Engineering Delft University of Technology2629 HZ Delft Department of Biotechnology Delft University of Technology2629 HZ Delft

The controlled release of drugs using local ionizing radiation presents a promising approach for targeted cancer treatment,particularly when applied in concurrent *** these approaches,radiation-generated reactive species often play an important ***,the reactive species that can be used to trigger release have low yield and lack ***,we demonstrate the generation of highly oxidative species when aqueous solutions containing low concentrations of organochlorides(such as chloroform)are irradiated with ionizing radiation at therapeutically relevant *** reactive species were identified as peroxyl radicals,which formed in a reaction cascade between organochlorides and aqueous *** employed stilbene-based probes to investigate the oxidation process,showing double bond oxidation and *** translate this reactivity into a radiation-sensitive material,we synthesized a micelle-forming amphiphilic block copolymer that has stilbene as the linker between two *** exposure to ionizing radiation,the oxidation of stilbene led to the cleavage of the polymer,which induces the dissociation of the block-copolymer micelles and the release of loaded drugs.

关键词： drug delivery micelles radiation chemistry reactive oxygen species ionizing radiation reaction mechanisms

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地球演化历史中氧逸度变化对壳幔循环启动、风化和超大陆循环的指示（英文）

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Science Bulletin 2024年第1期 97-102页

作者：王瑞邬绍宸 Roberto F.Weinberg William j.Collins peter A.Cawood State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources Institute of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Frontiers Science Center for Deep-time Digital Earth China University of Geosciences (Beijing) School of Earth Atmosphere and Environment Monash University The Institute for Geoscience Research Curtin University

We apply a zircon redox index to a global compilation of detrital zircons to track the variation of oxidation state, expressed as ΔFMQ, through Earth’s history. Those from I-type rocks, which comprise mantle and crustal igneous protoliths, including tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorites(TTGs), generally have a high oxidation state(ΔFMQ > 0). In contrast, zircons from igneous rocks derived from supracrustal source rocks(S-type) are commonly reduced(ΔFMQ 0 over the last 3 Ga. Given that the redox state of magmas is independent of crustal thickness and silica variation, and elevated values are likely more closely related to tectonic setting, we suggest that the consistent average ΔFMQ > 0 from ca.3.5 Ga onwards relates to recycling of oceanic lithosphere back into the mantle in what eventually became established as subduction zones. The more reduced magmas associated with sedimentary sources, became established at 2.6 Ga, presumably in response to continental rocks rising above sealevel, and follow peaks of productivity associated with the supercontinent cycle.

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Adding Value to Crop Production Systems by Integrating Forage Cover Crop Grazing

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American journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 180-192页

作者： Robert B. mitchell Daren D. Redfearn Kenneth P. Vogel Terry j. Klopfenstein Galen Erickson P. Stephen Baenziger Bruce E. Anderson Mary E. Drewnoski jay Parsons Steven D. Masterson Marty R. Schmer Virginia L. jin USDA-ARS Wheat Sorghum and Forage Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Animal Science University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Agricultural Economics University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA USDA-ARS Agroecosystem Management Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA

In addition to their value as cereal grains, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) are important cool-season annual forages and cover crops. Yearling steer (Bos taurus) performance was compared in the spring following autumn establishment as for age cover crops after soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grain harvest. Replicated pastures (0.4 ha) were no-till seeded in three consecutive years into soybean stubble in autumn, fertilized, and grazed the following spring near Ithaca, NE, USA. Each pasture (n = 3) was continuously stocked in spring with four yearling steers (380 ± 38 kg) for 17, 32, and 28 d in 2005, 2006, and 2007, respectively. In 2005, average daily gain (ADG) for steers grazing triticale exceeded the ADG for wheat by 0.31 kghd-1d-1. In 2006, wheat ADG exceeded that for triticale by 0.12 kghd-1d-1. In 2007, steers grazing wheat lost weight, while steers grazing triticale gained 0.20 kghd-1d-1. Based on the 3-year average animal gains valued at $1.32 kg-1, mean net return ($ ha-1 yr-1) was $62.15 for triticale and $22.55 for wheat. Since these grazed cover crops provide ecosystem services in addition to forage, grazing could be viewed as a mechanism for recovering costs and adds additional value to the system. Based on this 3-year grazing trial, triticale was superior to wheat and likely will provide the most stable beef yearling performance across years with variable weather for the western Cornbelt USA.

关键词： Cover crops Soybean Triticale Wheat

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