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Local and range-wide distribution of song types suggest Ovenbirds(Seiurus aurocapilla)have song neighborhoods but not macro-dialects

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Avian Research 2023年第2期14卷 191-199页

作者： patrick M.j.gielski j.nnifer R.Foote Department of Biology Algoma UniversitySault Ste.MarieONCanada

The song systems of oscine passerines(songbirds)are complex and *** songs are used for both mate attraction and territory defense and are therefore important signals for survival and reproduction,comprehensive knowledge of within and among species song structure and distribution is informative for understanding the evolution of song repertoires and vocal *** this study,we explored variation in the song structure of the Ovenbird(Seiurus aurocapilla),a widespread warbler(Family Parulidae)found in North American *** analyzed recordings from the 2021 breeding season to assess song type variation at a local(n=158 birds;Sault ***,ON)and breeding range scale(n=512 birds;eBird).We characterized the local song types and tested whether Ovenbirds share song types with their neighbors more often than expected by *** then characterized song types of Ovenbirds across the breeding range to determine whether any geographic pattern of song clustering exists(i.e.,macro-dialects).We found 10 distinct song types and some evidence for song type clustering at the local study site(i.e.,song neighborhoods).We found 7 of those 10 song types throughout the breeding range and identified an additional 24 types that were not recorded in our local *** found no evidence for song dialects across the Ovenbird breeding *** study contributes to our understanding of Ovenbird song while simultaneously adding to our understanding of geographic structuring of warbler *** work contributes to delineating a more comprehensive understanding of factors affecting dialect development for this diverse group of songbirds.

关键词： Dialects eBird Geographic variation Ovenbird Parulidae Seiurus aurocapilla Song type

The clinical rehabilitation of spine and spinal cord disorders: detection and evaluation using SPECT/CT

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第8期9卷 795-797页

作者： Max j. Scheyerer Clément M.L.Werner patrick Veit-Haibach Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery University Medical CenterJosef-Stelzmann-Str.9CologneGermany Department of Surgery Division of TraumaSurgeryUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland Department of Medical Radiology Division of Nuclear MedicineUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland Department of Medical Radiology Diagnostic and Inverventional Radiolo-gyUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland

Spine-related disorders are caused by several factors including （1） spinal nerve/visceral nerve stimulation by perivertebral aseptic inflammation, （2） spinal nerve/visceral nerve compression by inj.red periverterbal soft tissue, dislocated perivertebral small j.int, and proliferative/degenerative tissue and, （3） secondary damage to the spinal cord, peripheral nerve, vessels and autonomic nerve, which further stimulate nerve root sheath and surround- ing pain-carrying nerve fibers. In many cases, the source of pain cannot be detected by standard image modalities. Particularly in anatomically complex regions like the spine, SPECT/CT can be helpful for some aspects by intro- ducing a metabolical dimension to the classical way of morphology-based diagnostic. The aim of the present review was to give an overview of the adoption of SPECT/CT in a clinical spine-focused setting.

关键词： SPECT The clinical rehabilitation of spine and spinal cord disorders detection and evaluation using SPECT/CT

Multi-analyte biosensor interface for real-time monitoring of 3D microtissue spheroids in hanging-drop networks

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2016年第1期2卷 204-212页

作者： patrick M.Misun j.rg Rothe Yannick R.F.Schmid Andreas Hierlemann Olivier Frey ETH Zürich Department of Biosystems Science and EngineeringBio Engineering LaboratoryMattenstrasse 26Basel CH-4058Switzerland

Microfluidics is becoming a technology of growing interest for building microphysiological systems with integrated read-out *** we present the integration of enzyme-based multi-analyte biosensors into a multi-tissue culture platform for‘body-on-a-chip’*** microfluidic platform is based on the technology of hanging-drop networks,which is designed for the formation,cultivation,and analysis of fluidically interconnected organotypic spherical three-dimensional(3D)microtissues of multiple cell *** sensor modules were designed as small glass plug-ins featuring four platinum working electrodes,a platinum counter electrode,and an Ag/AgCl reference *** were placed directly into the ceiling substrate from which the hanging drops that host the spheroid cultures are *** electrodes were functionalized with oxidase enzymes to enable continuous monitoring of lactate and glucose through *** biosensors featured high sensitivities of 322±41 nA mM^(−1) mm^(−2) for glucose and 443±37 nA mM^(−1) mm^(−2) for lactate;the corresponding limits of detection were below 10μ*** proposed technology enabled tissue-size-dependent,real-time detection of lactate secretion from single human colon cancer microtissues cultured in the hanging ***,glucose consumption and lactate secretion were monitored in parallel,and the impact of different culture conditions on the metabolism of cancer microtissues was recorded in real-time.

关键词： biosensor body on a chip glucose hanging drop lactate metabolism spheroid

A concise introduction to logic 8th ed.

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A concise introduction to logic

Stress rise precursor to earthquakes in the Tibetan Plateau

2003年

作者： patrick j. Hurley.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Natural Science 2013年第8期5卷 46-55页

作者： Zhenhan Wu Qunce Chen patrick j. Barosh Hua Peng Daogong Hu Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing China Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing China P.j. Barosh and Associates Bristol USA

Earthquake prediction thus far has proven to be a very difficult task, but changes in situ stress appear to offer a viable approach for forecasting large earthquakes in Tibet and perhaps other continental regions. High stress anomalies formed along active faults before large earthquakes and disappeared soon after the earthquakes occurred in the Tibetan Plateau. Principle stress increased up to ~2 -?5 times higher than background stress to form high stress anomalies along causative faults before the Ms 8.1 West Kunlun Pass earthquake in November 2001, Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in May 2008, Ms 6.6 Nimu earthquake in October 2009, Ms 7.1 Yushu earthquake in April 2010 and the Ms 7.0 Lushan earthquake in April 2013. Stress near the epicenters rapidly increased 0.10 - 0.12 MPa over 45 days, ~8 months before the Ms 6.6 Nimu earthquake occurred. The high principle stress anomalies decreased quickly to the normal stress state in ~8 -?12 months after the Ms 8.1 West Kunlun Pass and the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquakes. These high stress anomalies and their demise appear directly related to the immediate stress rise along a fault prior to the earthquakes and the release during the event. Thus, the stress rise appears to be a viable precursor in prediction of large continental earthquakes as in the Tibetan Plateau.

关键词： Earthquake Prediction High Stress Anomalies In-Situ Stress Measurement Large Earthquakes Seismic Fault Tibetan Plateau

Cost-effectiveness analysis comparing robotic sacrocolpopexy to a vaginal mesh hysteropexy for treatment of uterovaginal prolapse

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Open j.urnal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2013年第8期3卷 613-620页

作者： patrick j. Culligan Charbel Salamon Christa Lewis Troy D. Abell Atlantic Health System Division of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery Morristown USA

Obj.ctive: To compare costs and QoL associated with 2 minimally invasive operations to treat uterovaginal prolapse. Study Design: A decision analytic cost-effectiveness model comparing vaginal mesh hysteropexy to robotic-assisted sacrocolpopexy. Costs were derived from a hospital perspective. QoL estimates focused on: recurrent prolapse;erosion;infection;transfusion;cystotomy;chronic pain;lower urinary tract symptoms;and mortality. Actual procedural costs at our institution were calculated. Costs and quality adj.sted life years were examined over 1 year. Results: The costs ($21,853) and QALYs (0.9645) for robotic sacrocolpopexy produced a CE Ratio of $22,657 per QALY. The costs ($14,890) and QALYs (0.9309) for vaginal mesh produced a CE Ratio of $15,995 per QALY. The incremental cost per QALYs for robotic surgery was $207,232. Sensitivity analysis on all utilities, cost estimates, and complication estimates didn’t cross any thresholds. Conclusion: Vaginal mesh was more cost-effective than robotic sacrocolpopexy even when the cost of the robot was not factored.

关键词： Cost-Effectiveness Robotic-Sacrocolpopexy Uterovaginal Prolapse Vaginal-Mesh

Geomorphic Habitat Type, Drift Cell, Forage Fish and j.venile Salmon： Are They Linked？

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j.urnal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2012年第5期1卷 688-703页

作者： j. Anne Shaffer patrick Crain Todd Kassler Dan Penttila Dwight Barry Coastal Watershed Institute Port Angeles Washington 98362 USA Olympic National Park Port Angeles Washington 98362 USA Washington Department ofFish and Wildlife Molecular Genetics Laboratory Olympia Washington 98501 USA Salish Sea Biological Incorporated Anacortes Washington 98221 USA Huxley College of the Environment-Peninsulas Western Washington University Port Angeles Washington 98362 USA

The role of geomorphic habitat type, drift cell scale, and geographic scale in defining fish use of nearshore habitats is poorly known, particularly for Pacific salmon and their prey. In this study, key areas of nearshore habitat in central and western Strait of j.an de Fuca were categorized by geomorphic habitat type and assessed for fish use within a degraded （Elwha） and intact comparative drift cells over a one year period. j.venile Chinook and coho salmon were also sampled for genetic analysis to define regional dispersal patterns. Key findings are：（1） Ecological function of the area＇s nearshore is complex, with very strong seasonal variation in fish use both within and across GMHT （geomorphic habitat type）; （2） GMHT link to nearshore function for fish use differs depending on the fish species and time of year. Surf smelt and sand lance were the most abundant. And they were seasonally used embayed, spit, and bluff shorelines more than lower rivers. j.venile Chinook, coho, and chum salmon occurred in much lower density than forage fish species, and used lower rivers more than other GMHTs; （3） When GMHTs were combined and analyzed at the drift cell scale, the degraded drift cell had different ecological patterns than the intact drift cell; （4） Cross regional j.venile fish use of nearshore is an important component of habitat use： j.venile Chinook and coho from as far away as the Columbia River Oregon and Klamath River California utilize central Strait of j.an de Fuca shorelines. Forage fish species may do so as well. Drift cell and cross regional scales are therefore most important for accurately defining nearshore ecological function, management, and restoration actions.

关键词： Nearshore geomorphic habitat type fish use Elwha Chinook.

Saturation-excess overland flow in the European loess belt:An underestimated process?

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第4期11卷 688-699页

作者： Valentin Landemaine Olivier Cerdan Thomas Grangeon Rosalie Vandromme Benoit Laignel Olivier Evrard Sébastien Salvador-Blanes j.patrick Laceby BRGM F-45060OrléansFrance University of Rouen M2CRouenFrance Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement(LSCE/IPSL) UnitéMixte de Recherche 8212(CEA/CNRS/UVSQ)UniversitéParis-SaclayGif-sur-YvetteFrance University of Tours UR 6293-GéoHydrosystèmes Continentaux(GEHCO)France Alberta Environment and Protected Areas CalgaryCanada

A maj.r challenge in runoff and soil erosion modelling is the adequate representation of the most relevant processes in models while avoiding over *** the European loess belt,pro-gressive soil crusting during rainfall events,resulting in infiltration-excess runoff,is usually considered the dominant process generating runoff on catchments covered with silty ***-excess may also occur and affect their runoff and erosion ***,saturation-excess runoff occurrence and quantification have rarely been performed and is usually not taken into account when modelling runoff and erosion in these ***,a continuous simulation of the Austreberthe catchment(214 km^(2)),located in the European loess belt(Normandy,France),was conducted with the new Water and Sediment(WaterSed)model over 12 years,corresponding to more than 780 individual rainfall events,at a 25 m spatial *** inter-annual variability of runoff and erosion was closely linked to the number of intense events per year and their distribution through the *** model was properly calibrated over a representative set of 35 rainfall events,considering either infiltration-excess and/or saturation-excess *** was also able to reproduce the measured runoff volume for most of the monitoring ***,the three years with most rainfall were adequately modelled only including saturation-excess *** analysis performed at the seasonal scale revealed that saturation was modelled in the catchment during almost all of the modelling period,suggesting the importance of this often overlooked process in current modelling attempts.

关键词： European loess belt Soil erosion Saturation-excess runoff WaterSed model

Understanding temporal stability:a long-term analysis of USDA ARS watersheds

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International j.urnal of Digital Earth 2021年第10期14卷 1243-1254页

作者： Evan j.Coopersmith Michael H.Cosh patrick j.Starks David D.Bosch Chandra Holifield Collins Mark Seyfried Stan Livingston j.hn Prueger Soil Insight LLCWashington D.C.USA USDA-Agricultural Research Service Beltsville Agricultural Research CenterHydrology and Remote Sensing LaboratoryBeltsvilleUSA USDA-Agricultural Research Service-Grazinglands Research Laboratory El RenoUSA USDA-Agricultural Research Service-Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory TiftonUSA USDA-Agricultural Research Service-Southwest Watershed Research Center TucsonUSA USDA-Agricultural Research Service-Northwest Watershed Research Laboratory BoiseUSA USDAAgricultural Research Service-National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory West LafayetteUSA USDA-Agricultural Research Service-National Laboratory for Agriculture and Environment AmesUSA

The *** of Agriculture’s Agricultural Research Service(USDAARS)maintains seven in situ soil moisture networks throughout the continental United States,some since *** networks are crucial for understanding the spatial and temporal extent of droughts in their historical context,parameterization of hydrologic models,and local agricultural decision ***,the estimates from these networks are dependent upon their ability to provide reliable soil moisture information at a large *** is also not known how many network stations are sufficient to monitor watershed scale ***,the obj.ctives of this research were to:(1)determine how temporally stable these networks are,including the relationships between various sensors on a year-to-year and seasonal basis,and(2)attempt to determine how many sensors are required,within a network,to approximate the full network *** data from seven in situ,it is concluded that approximately 12 soil moisture sensors are sufficient in most environments,presuming their locations are distributed to capture the hydrologic heterogeneity of the *** is possible to install a temporary network containing a suitable number of sensors for an appropriate length of time,glean stable relationships between locations,and retain these insights moving forward with fewer sensor resources.

关键词： Soil moisture temporal stability in situ networks