Geomorphic Habitat Type, Drift Cell, Forage Fish and Juvenile Salmon： Are They Linked？

作     者：J. Anne Shaffer Patrick Crain Todd Kassler Dan Penttila Dwight Barry 

作者机构：Coastal Watershed Institute Port Angeles Washington 98362 USA Olympic National Park Port Angeles Washington 98362 USA Washington Department ofFish and Wildlife Molecular Genetics Laboratory Olympia Washington 98501 USA Salish Sea Biological Incorporated Anacortes Washington 98221 USA Huxley College of the Environment-Peninsulas Western Washington University Port Angeles Washington 98362 USA 

出 版 物：《Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A)》 (环境科学与工程（A）)

年 卷 期：2012年第1卷第5期

页      面：688-703页

学科分类：090801[农学-水产养殖] 0908[农学-水产] 09[农学] 0903[农学-农业资源与环境] 

主　　题：地貌类型 生境类型 细胞内 三文鱼 饵料鱼 漂移 少年 栖息地利用 

摘      要：The role of geomorphic habitat type, drift cell scale, and geographic scale in defining fish use of nearshore habitats is poorly known, particularly for Pacific salmon and their prey. In this study, key areas of nearshore habitat in central and western Strait of Juan de Fuca were categorized by geomorphic habitat type and assessed for fish use within a degraded (Elwha) and intact comparative drift cells over a one year period. Juvenile Chinook and coho salmon were also sampled for genetic analysis to define regional dispersal patterns. Key findings are: (1) Ecological function of the areas nearshore is complex, with very strong seasonal variation in fish use both within and across GMHT (geomorphic habitat type); (2) GMHT link to nearshore function for fish use differs depending on the fish species and time of year. Surf smelt and sand lance were the most abundant. And they were seasonally used embayed, spit, and bluff shorelines more than lower rivers. Juvenile Chinook, coho, and chum salmon occurred in much lower density than forage fish species, and used lower rivers more than other GMHTs; (3) When GMHTs were combined and analyzed at the drift cell scale, the degraded drift cell had different ecological patterns than the intact drift cell; (4) Cross regional juvenile fish use of nearshore is an important component of habitat use: juvenile Chinook and coho from as far away as the Columbia River Oregon and Klamath River California utilize central Strait of Juan de Fuca shorelines. Forage fish species may do so as well. Drift cell and cross regional scales are therefore most important for accurately defining nearshore ecological function, management, and restoration actions.