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Punch‑excised explants of bovine mammary gland to model early immune response to infection

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第6期14卷 2649-2662页

作者： Pablo Gomes Noleto Florence B.Gilbert Christelle Rossignol patricia Cunha Pierre Germon Pascal Rainard Rodrigo Prado Martins ISP INRAEUniversitéde ToursUMR1282NouzillyFrance

Background Mammary gland(MG)infections(mastitis)are frequent diseases of dairy cows that affect milk quality,animal welfare and farming *** infections are commonly associated with the bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus *** in vitro models have been used to investigate the early response of the MG to bacteria,but the role of the teat in mastitis pathogenesis has received less *** this study,we used punch-excised teat tissue as an ex vivo model to study the immune mechanisms that arise early during infection when bacteria have entered the *** Cytotoxicity and microscopic analyses showed that bovine teat sinus explants have their morphology and viability preserved after 24 h of culture and respond to ex vivo stimulation with TLR-agonists and *** and *** trigger stronger inflammatory response in teat when compared to LTA and ***,leading to a higher produc-tion of IL-6 and IL-8,as well as to an up-regulation of proinflammatory *** also demonstrated that our ex vivo model can be applied to frozen-stored *** In compliance with the 3Rs principle(replacement,reduction and refinement)in animal experimenta-tion,ex vivo explant analyses proved to be a simple and affordable approach to study MG immune response to *** model,which better reproduces organ complexity than epithelial cell cultures or tissue slices,lends itself particularly well to studying the early phases of the MG immune response to infection.

关键词： Bovine teat Escherichia coli Explant Mastitis Staphylococcus aureus 3Rs

Study of tumor necrosis factor receptor in the inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第18期29卷 2733-2746页

作者： Roberta Figueiroa Souza Marcos Antônio Ferreira Caetano Henrique Inhauser Riceti Magalhães patricia Castelucci Department of Anatomy Institute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of São PauloSão Paulo 05508-000Brazil Department of Surgery School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal SciencesUniversity of São PauloSão Paulo 05508-270Brazil

Ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn’s disease(CD)are part of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases(IBD)and have pathophysiological processes such as bowel necrosis and enteric neurons and enteric glial *** addition,the main inflammatory mediator is related to the tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α).TNF-αis a mediator of the intestinal inflammatory processes,thus being one of the main cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of IBD,however,its levels,when measured,are present in the serum of patients with *** addition,TNF-αplays an important role in promoting inflammation,such as the production of interleukins(IL),for instance IL-1βand *** are two receptors for TNF as following:The tumor necrosis factor 1 receptor(TNFR1);and the tumor necrosis factor 2 receptor(TNFR2).They are involved in the pathogenesis of IBD and their receptors have been detected in IBD and their expression is correlated with disease *** soluble TNF form binds to the TNFR1 receptor with,and its activation results in a signaling cascade effects such as apoptosis,cell proliferation and cytokine *** contrast,the transmembrane TNF form can bind both to TNFR1 and *** studies have suggested that TNF-αis one of the main pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of IBD,since TNF levels are present in the serum of both patients with UC and *** and subcutaneous biologics targeting TNF-αhave revolutionized the treatment of IBD,thus becoming the best available agents to induce and maintain IBD *** application of antibodies aimed at neutralizing TNF-αin patients with IBD that induce a satisfactory clinical response in up to 60%of patients,and also induced long-term maintenance of disease remission in most *** has been suggested that anti-TNF-αagents inactivate the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-αby direct neutralization,i.e.,resulting in suppression of ***,anti-TNF-αantibodies perform more complex functions than a simple block

关键词： Tumor necrosis factor 1 receptor Tumor necrosis factor 2 receptor Inflammatory bowel diseases Enteric nervous system tumor necrosis factor-alpha

Corn kernel classification from few training samples

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2023年第3期9卷 89-99页

作者： patricia L.Suárez Henry O.Velesaca Dario Carpio Angel D.Sappa ESPOL Polytechnic University CIDISCampus Gustavo GalindoGuayaquil 09-01-5863Ecuador Computer Vision Center Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona08193-BellaterraBarcelonaSpain

This article presents an efficient approach to classify a set of corn kernels in contact,which may contain good,or defective kernels along with *** proposed approach consists of two stages,the first one is a next-generation segmentation network,trained by using a set of synthesized images that is applied to divide the given image into a set of individual *** ad-hoc lightweight CNN architecture is then proposed to classify each instance into one of three categories(ie good,defective,and impurities).The segmentation network is trained using a strategy that avoids the time-consuming and human-error-prone task of manual data *** the classification stage,the proposed ad-hoc network is designed with only a few sets of layers to result in a lightweight architecture capable of being used in integrated *** results and comparisons with previous approaches showing both the improvement in accuracy and the reduction in time are ***,the segmentation and classification approach proposed can be easily adapted for use with other cereal types.

关键词： Corn kernel classification Computer vision approaches Quality inspection Food grain identification Machine vision Instance segmentation Synthesized dataset generation

Alcoholic liver injury:Influence of gender and hormones

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第11期16卷 1377-1384页

作者： patricia K Eagon Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine

This article discusses several subjects pertinent to a consideration of the role of gender and hormones in alcoholic liver injury (ALI). Beginning with an overview of factors involved in the pathogenesis of ALI, we review changes in sex hormone metabolism resulting from alcohol ingestion, summarize research that points to estrogen as a cofactor in ALI, consider evidence that gut injury is linked to liver injury in the setting of alcohol, and briefly review the limited evidence regarding sex hormones and gut barrier function. In both women and female animals, most studies reveal a propensity toward greater alcohol-induced liver injury due to female gender, although exact hormonal influences are not yet understood. Thus, women and their physicians should be alert to the dangers of excess alcohol consumption and the increased potential for liver injury in females.

关键词： Alcohol Liver injury Female Estrogen Oxidative injury

Advances in spray products for skin regeneration

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Bioactive Materials 2022年第10期7卷 187-203页

作者： Paula Pleguezuelos-Beltran patricia Galvez-Martín Daniel Nieto-Garcí Juan Antonio Marchal Elena Lopez-Ruiz Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute(IBIMER) Centre for Biomedical Research(CIBM)University of GranadaGranadaSpain Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain BioFab i3D Lab-Biofabrication and 3D(bio)printing Laboratory GranadaSpain Excellence Research Unit“Modeling Nature”(MNat) University of GranadaGranadaSpain Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada(ibs.GRANADA) University Hospitals of Granada-University of GranadaGranadaSpain R&D Human Health Bioib´erica S.A.UBarcelonaSpain Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain Complex Tissue Regeneration Department MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative MedicineUniversiteitssingel 406229ER Maastrichtthe Netherlands Department of Health Sciences University of Ja´enJa´enSpain

To date,skin wounds are still an issue for healthcare *** numerous approaches have been developed over the years for skin regeneration,recent advances in regenerative medicine offer very promising strategies for the fabrication of artificial skin substitutes,including 3D bioprinting,electrospinning or spraying,among *** particular,skin sprays are an innovative technique still under clinical evaluation that show great potential for the delivery of cells and hydrogels to treat acute and chronic *** sprays present significant advantages compared to conventional treatments for wound healing,such as the facility of application,the possibility to treat large wound areas,or the homogeneous distribution of the sprayed *** this article,we review the latest advances in this technology,giving a detailed description of investigational and currently commercially available acellular and cellular skin spray products,used for a variety of diseases and applying different experimental ***,as skin sprays products are subjected to different classifications,we also explain the regulatory pathways for their commercialization and include the main clinical trials for different skin diseases and their treatment ***,we argue and suggest possible future trends for the biotechnology of skin sprays for a better use in clinical dermatology.

关键词： Skin Spray Tissue engineering Fibrin Hydrogel

Entrainment of *** and Listeria monocytogenes from sediment in irrigation canal

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2022年第6期37卷 701-714页

作者： Kun Qi Erfan Ghasemi Tousi Jennifer Guohong Duan patricia Marie Gundy Kelly Rae Bright Charles Peter Gerba Department of Civil & Architectural Engineering and Mechanics The University of Arizona Department of Environmental Science The University of Arizona Water & Energy Sustainable Technology (WEST) Center

E. coli and Listeria monocytogenes(or L. monocytogenes) are bacteria affecting fresh produce that is harmful for health of humans and animals. If these bacteria are present in surface waterbody(e.g.,irrigation canals), they will impair irrigation water quality and threaten produce safety. This paper studied the resuspension of E. coli and Listeria from bed sediment into irrigation water through several sets of laboratory experiments in an open channel flume. We studied three types of sediments using several flow rates in different velocities and shear stress. Bacteria’s concentration in water increases with the bed shear stress. Two empirical relations were derived to correlate the concentration of E. coli and L. monocytogenes with the dimensionless bed shear stress. The experimental data favorably verified the relationships for sandy loam, loamy sand, and loam. The results showed that both bacteria could entrain from sand more efficiently compared to other sediments(i.e., sandy loam or loam). These relationships can be applied to water quality models for simulating E. coli and L. monocytogenes transport in irrigation canals for better managing irrigation water quality.

关键词： Bacteria E. coli L. monocytogenes Sediment transport Irrigation water Sediment model

Trends in hospitalization for alcoholic hepatitis from 2011 to 2017:A USA nationwide study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第34期28卷 5036-5046页

作者： Ali Wakil Mujtaba Mohamed Zaid Tafesh Mumtaz Niazi Raquel Olivo Weiyi Xia patricia Greenberg Nikolaos Pyrsopoulos Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Rutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkNJ 07103USA Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Marshall University HospitalHuntingtonWV 25701USA Department of Biostatistics&Epidemiology Rutgers School of Public HealthPiscatawayNJ 08854USA

BACKGROUND Severe alcoholic hepatitis(AH)is one of the most lethal manifestations of alcoholassociated liver *** light of the increase in alcohol consumption worldwide,the incidence of AH is on the rise,and data examining the trends of AH admission is *** To examine inpatient admission trends secondary to AH,along with their clinical outcomes and epidemiological *** The National Inpatient Sample(NIS)database was utilized,and data from 2011 to 2017 were *** included individuals aged≥21 years who were admitted with a primary or secondary diagnosis of AH using the International Classification of Diseases(ICD)-9 and its correspondent ICD-10 *** not related to alcohol was *** national estimates of inpatient admissions were obtained using sample weights provided by the *** AH-related hospitalization demonstrated a significant increase in the USA from 281506(0.7%of the total admission in 2011)to 324050(0.9%of the total admi-ssion in 2017).The median age was 54 *** most common age group was 45–65 years(range 57.8%–60.7%).The most common race was white(63.2%–66.4%),and patients were predominantly male(69.7%–71.2%).The primary healthcare payers were Medicare(29.4%–30.7%)and Medicaid(21.5%–32.5%).The most common geographical location was the Southern USA(33.6%–34.4%).Most patients were admitted to a tertiary care center(50.2%–62.3%)located in urban *** of AH in this inpatient sample was 5.3%in 2011 and 5.5%in *** most common mortality-associated risk factors were acute renal failure(59.6%–72.1%)and gastrointestinal hemorrhage(17.2%–20.3%).The total charges were noted to range between$25242.62 and$*** The number of AH inpatient hospitalizations significantly increased from 2011 to *** could have a substantial financial impact with increasing healthcare costs and ***-mortality remained the same.

关键词： Alcoholic hepatitis Cirrhosis Fatty liver disease Alcohol abuse

Synchronous waving in fiddler crabs: a review

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Current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 83-88页

作者： patricia Ruth Yvonne Backwell Research School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia

Many animals that use acoustic communication synchronize their mate attract!on signals: individuals precisely time their calls to overlap those of their neighbors. In contrast, synchrony in the mate attraction displays of species with visual/motion-based signals is rare. It has only been documented in five species of fiddler crabs. In all of them, small groups of males wave their single large claw in close synchrony. Here, I review what we know about synchrony in fiddler crabs, comparing the five species with each other to determine whether similar mechanisms and functions are comm on to all. I also propose future research questions that, if answered, would shed light on synchronous behavior in both visual and acoustic signallers.

关键词： fiddler crab synchrony waving mate choice wave timing visual signal

Regulating autophagy:a novel role for SETX(Senataxin)

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第10期16卷 2008-2009页

作者： patricia Richard Emanuel Rosonina Stellate Therapeutics Inc. JLABS@NYCNew YorkUSA Department of Biology York UniversityTorontoCanada

Mutations in the gene encoding SETX,also known as Senataxin,are mainly linked to two distinct neurodegenerative diseases,a cerebellar ataxia known as oculomotor apraxia type 2(AOA2)and a form of juvenile amyotrophic l... 详细信息

关键词： al. diseases degenerative