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The health and economic benefits of the global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (2000–2014)

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 453-471页

作者： Hugo C.Turner Alison A.Bettis Brian K.Chu Deborah A.McFarland pamela J.Hooper Eric A.Ottesen Mark H.Bradley London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research LondonUK Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology School of Public HealthFaculty of MedicineSt Marys CampusImperial College LondonNorfolk PlaceLondon W21PGUK Neglected Tropical Diseases Support Center Task Force for Global HealthDecaturGAUSA Rollins School of Public Health Emory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA. Global Health Programs GlaxoSmithKlineLondonUK

Background:Lymphatic filariasis(LF),also known as elephantiasis,is a neglected tropical disease(NTD)targeted for elimination through a Global Programme to Eliminate LF(GPELF).Between 2000 and 2014,the GPELF has delivered 5.6 billion treatments to over 763 million *** the estimated health and economic benefits of this significant achievement is important in justifying the resources and investment needed for eliminating ***:We combined previously established models to estimate the number of clinical manifestations and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)averted from three benefit cohorts(those protected from acquiring infection,those with subclinical morbidity prevented from progressing and those with clinical disease alleviated).The economic savings associated with this disease prevention was then analysed in the context of prevented medical expenses incurred by LF clinical patients,potential income loss through lost-labour,and prevented costs to the health system to care for affected *** indirect cost estimates were calculated using the human capital approach.A combination of four wage sources was used to estimate the fair market value of time for an agricultural worker with LF infection(to ensure a conservative estimate,the lowest wage value was used).Results:We projected that due to the first 15 years of the GPELF 36 million clinical cases and 175(116–250)million DALYs will potentially be *** was estimated that due to this notable health impact,US$100.5 billion will potentially be saved over the lifetimes of the benefit *** total amount results from summing the medical expenses incurred by LF patients(US$3 billion),potential income loss(US$94 billion),and costs to the health system(US$3.5 billion)that were projected to be *** results were subjected to sensitivity analysis and were most sensitive to the assumed percentage of work hours lost for those suffering from chronic disease(changing the total economic

关键词： Lymphatic filariasis DALYs averted Health impact Economic impact GPELF Programme evaluation

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强制关系:理论模型及实验检验

强制关系:理论模型及实验检验

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2011年中国社会学年会——“社会稳定与社会管理机制创...

作者：刘军 David Willer pamela Emanuelson 哈尔滨工程大学社会学系美国南卡罗来纳大学社会学系美国北达科他州立大学社会学系

因受布劳、科塞等学者的误导和影响,社会学界对交换关系、冲突关系的研究较多,对强制关系,特别是间接强制关系很少探究,尽管它无处不在。本文基于要素论探讨直接强制结构和间接强制结构的含义、分类,构建了直接强制及间接强制关系的模型... 详细信息

因受布劳、科塞等学者的误导和影响,社会学界对交换关系、冲突关系的研究较多,对强制关系,特别是间接强制关系很少探究,尽管它无处不在。本文基于要素论探讨直接强制结构和间接强制结构的含义、分类,构建了直接强制及间接强制关系的模型,并重点探讨后者。间接强制是涉及至少三方的结构关系,本文利用实验法,从强制的幅度和力度角度检验间接强制结构是否像直接强制结构一样有效。结果表明:在实验的范围条件下,间接强制的效用与直接强制的效用都接近最大的剥夺率,这表明间接强制是起作用的。最后讨论了影响间接强制效果的诸多因素,包括强制者的贪欲与受制者的抵抗、强制者联盟及受制者联盟的效应、信息效应等。由于上访者没想到自己追求的强制是"虚假间接强制",因此在蒙受巨大损失后,依然只能无功而返。

关键词：强制实验法要素论社会网络社会结构三方关系

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Effect of a novel dietary supplement on pH levels of healthy volunteers:a pilot study

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2013年第6期11卷 384-388页

作者： Stephen Douglas Anton Xiaomin Lu Ginny Bank Kacey Heekin Debbie Saha pamela J.Dubyak Heather Ann Hausenblas Department of Aging and Geriatric Research University of Florida Department of Clinical and Health Psychology University of Florida Department of Biostatistics University of Florida RFI Ingredients Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences University of Florida Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences Jacksonville University

OBJECTIVE： To examine the effects of a greens alkalizing dietary supplement on urinary pH levels in individuals with lower-than-average pH levels. METHODS： The present study investigated the effects of an alkalizing formula （Reserveage Wholeganic GreensTM） on four individuals who had average urinary pH levels below 6.0 for three consecutive days. Following the three-day, baseline period, participants received Reserveage Wholeganic GreensTM for four consecutive days and were instructed to continue to measure their urine pH levels. Paired samples t-tests were used to examine pH levels before and after a four-day treatment period with Reserveage Wholeganic GreensTM. RESULTS： Compared to baseline, mean urine pH levels in all volunteers were significantly higher following the supplementation with Reserveage Wholeganic GreensTM （5.89 ±0.20 vs 5.56 ± 0.23; P〈0.01）. Participants＇ pH levels were also significantly higher than baseline on days 5, 6, and 7 of the treatment period （P 〈 0.05）. Noteworthy, on day 7, participants＇ mean pH levels were significantly higher than at the beginning of the treatment period （6.03 ± 0.15 at day 7 vs 5.65 ± 0.24 at day 4; P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： The findings of this study suggest that supplementation with Reserveage Wholeganic GreensTM has an alkalizing effect on the body and can increase the urine pH levels in individuals with lower-than-average pH levels.

关键词： dietary supplements urinalysis acidosis pilot study

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加热化学污染的环境：在一个不断变化的全球气候生态毒理学

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Current Zoology 2015年第4期61卷 614-616页

作者： pamela D. NOYES Sean C. LEMA Guest Editors Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory Oregon State University Corvallis OR USA Biological Sciences Department Center for Coastal Marine Sciences California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo CA USA

人类和野生动物的接触越来越多的阵列的人造化学品现在测量从地球的最高山峰每个栖息地的我们这个星球上的沉积物在深海中（例如，所有和高田，2014；基罗斯等人。，2009；贝隆等人。，1987；别墅等，。2006）。除了在使用人工合成的化... 详细信息

人类和野生动物的接触越来越多的阵列的人造化学品现在测量从地球的最高山峰每个栖息地的我们这个星球上的沉积物在深海中（例如，所有和高田，2014；基罗斯等人。，2009；贝隆等人。，1987；别墅等，。2006）。除了在使用人工合成的化学物质的品种的扩展，都有地球的组成部分，可以通过人类活动的许多物质集中在高水平或被释放进入的形式，提高其生物利用度，曝光环境，和潜在毒性。

关键词：光环境生态毒理学全球气候化学污染加热化学物质人类活动生物利用度

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女性膀胱过度活动症

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英国医学杂志中文版 2022年第4期25卷 233-237页

作者： Daniel Beder pamela Ashton Vibhash Mishra 王磊(译) 周红霞(校) Urology Department Royal Free HospitalLondon NW32QGUK Clapham Family Practice LondonUK 广西医科大学公共卫生学院外国语学院

一位65岁的妇女向全科医生主诉膝盖疼痛,痛得让她几乎来不及上厕所。在进一步的问诊中,她诉说有尿频和尿急,偶尔会出现尿失禁症状,并解释说她很清楚所有厕所的位置,但频繁上厕所时还是来不及。上述泌尿系统症候群构成了膀胱过度活动症(O... 详细信息

一位65岁的妇女向全科医生主诉膝盖疼痛,痛得让她几乎来不及上厕所。在进一步的问诊中,她诉说有尿频和尿急,偶尔会出现尿失禁症状,并解释说她很清楚所有厕所的位置,但频繁上厕所时还是来不及。上述泌尿系统症候群构成了膀胱过度活动症(OAB)的典型症状,其患病率超过20%,其中女性多于男性2。

关键词：全科医生女性膀胱过度活动症典型症状泌尿系统尿失禁症状尿急厕所患病率

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Laboratory Handling of Didymosphenia geminata (Lyngbye) Schmidt and the Effect of Control Efforts on Viability

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2015年第8期6卷 508-516页

作者： Jorge Parodi pamela Olivares Viviana Chavez Matías Peredo-Parada Laboratorio Fisiología de la Reproducción Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria Núcleo de Investigaciónen Producción Alimentaria Facultad de Recursos Naturales Universidad Católica de Temuco Temuco Chile Laboratorio de Investigación y Educación Tonalli Ltda Temuco Chile Departamento de Ingenieríaen Obras Civiles Universidad de Santiago de Chile Santiago Chile Plataforma de Investigaciónen Ecohidrología y Ecohidráulica EcoHyd Ltda Santiago Chile

Didymosphenia geminata (Lyngbye) Schmidt is a type of diatom that exists in Chile as an introduced species, invading the country and its rivers. We collected samples of D. geminata from two sampling points in Chile, assessing their viability and response to control agents. Fresh D. geminata showed more than 90% of viable granular forms (containing granules in their cytoplasm);however, the dry form presents near 50% viability. By creating dry D. geminata through exposure to 38°C temperatures for 7 days, viability values of the granular form decreased to 20%. D. geminata kept at room temperature for more than 4 weeks reported values of granular forms at 50%, while samples that were refrigerated at 4°C maintained values of granular forms at 90% for 4 weeks. Previous studies suggest that high salt concentration affects the viability of D. geminata. When taking wet D. geminata samples and exposing them to a solution of 10% NaCl for 10 minutes, we observed no differences compared to the control samples, finding granular forms at 90%. When the D. geminata was exposed to a 5% soap solution, reductions of over 90% of the granular forms were observed. Our results suggest that the viability of D. geminata is associated with the granular content within their cytoplasm, and that it is possible to alter laboratory conditions for their study. These early studies are important in order to better manipulate the model in the laboratory, allowing us to obtain new evidence regarding the microalgae’s biology through in vitro studies.

关键词： Plague Viability Laboratory Didymo

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Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim-Induced Rhabdomyolysis in an Immunocompetent Patient: A Case Report

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2017年第12期6卷 311-316页

作者： pamela M. Moye Sara Manasen Kristen O’Brien Department of Pharmacy Practice Mercer University College of Pharmacy Atlanta GA USA WellStar Atlanta Medical Center Atlanta GA USA Mercer University College of Pharmacy Atlanta GA USA

Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (TMP-SMX)-induced rhabdomyolysis is a rare complication of a commonly used antibiotic. This is a case report of a 43-year old immunocompetent African American woman with a history of depression and chronic alcohol consumption who presented to the emergency department (ED) with worsening bilateral leg pain. Before presentation, the patient was prescribed a twice daily dose of TMP-SMX for a urinary tract infection. The patient reported the development of intensifying leg pain after taking five doses of TMP-SMX. On presentation to the ED she was hemodynamically stable, afebrile, and leg pain intensity 10 out of 10. The patient admitted to daily alcohol consumption and taking vortioxetine 10 mg per day for treatment of depression. Initial labs drawn in the ED showed an elevated creatine kinase (CK) of 26,231 U/L and a normal serum creatinine (SCr) of 1 mg/dL. Through patient history and laboratory tests, common causes of rhabdomyolysis were ruled out. Treatment was initiated with IV fluids plus thiamine and folic acid supplementation, TMP-SMX was discontinued, and vortioxetine 10 mg per day was continued until hospital day five. The patient began to show improvement in lower extremity pain and tenderness and was discharged on hospital day eight with minimal residual leg pain and a CK of 2809 U/L. This case report presents only the third incidence of an immunocompetent patient developing TMP-SMX-induced rhabdomyolysis. This case highlights an opportunity for a pharmacist’s intervention and the need for future research to determine risk factors of TMP-SMX-induced rhabdomyolysis in immunocompetent patients.

关键词： Rhabdomyolysis Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim Immunocompetent

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洪恩环境英语:初级篇.1

洪恩环境英语:初级篇.1

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2001年

作者： pamela Breyer

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Microgrid Optimum Identification Location Based on Accelerated Particle Swarm Optimization Techniques Using SCADA System

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2021年第7期9卷 10-28页

作者： Samir Abood Warsame Ali John Attia pamela Obiomon Muna Fayyadh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Prairie View A & M University Prairie View USA American InterContinental University-Houston Houston USA

The microgrid has become significant and commonly used;it has localized electricity sources and loads connected to a centralized electrical power network system when the need arises and disconnects to island mode. A microgrid can effectively be integrated with various distribution generators, which can improve the voltage level on the transmission line by reducing the real power losses. In this work, new technologies will permit power grids to be better prepared for future requirements. The numbers and diversity of such decentralized power plants require a new type of management in the operation of power grids and intelligent networks or “smart grid.” A SCADA system will improve coordination between power demand and generation and use of modern information technology such as the internet, sensors, controllers, and wireless transmission equipment and use smart metering. The Accelerated Particle Swarm Optimization technique will be used to select the optimum location of a wind turbine to install in the power grid considering minimum power losses with optimal operation consideration of the number of iterations, the execution time of the program, and the memory capacity. The analysis and the study are carried out in MATLAB and the SCADA system.

关键词： APSO SCADA Power System Accelerated PSO

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An Extended Sliding Mode Observer for Speed, Position and Torque Sensorless Control for PMSM Drive Based Stator Resistance Estimator

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Intelligent Control and Automation 2016年第1期7卷 1-8页

作者： Pierre Tety Adama Konaté Olivier Asseu Etienne Soro pamela Yoboué Institut National Polytechnique Houphouet Boigny (INPHB) Yamoussoukro Cote d’Ivoire Ecole Supérieure Africaine des Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication (ESATIC) Abidjan Cote d’Ivoire

This paper presents a robust sixth-order Discrete-time Extended Sliding Mode Observer (DESMO) for sensorless control of PMSM in order to estimate the currents, speed, rotor position, load torque and stator resistance. The satisfying simulation results on Simulink/Matlab environment for a 1.6 kW PMSM demonstrate the good performance and stability of the proposed ESMO algorithm against parameter variation, modeling uncertainty, measurement and system noises.

关键词： PMSM Extended Sliding Mode Observer Feedback Control

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