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Climate change and its effect on reference crop evapotranspiration in central and western Inner Mongolia during 1961-2009

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2013年第4期7卷 417-428页

作者： Di HE Yaling LIU Zhihua pan Pingli AN Liwei WANG Zhiqiang DONG Jingting ZHANG xuebiao pan Peiyi ZHAO College of Resources and Environmental Science China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China Key Ecology and Environment Experimental Station for Field Scientific Observation in Hohhot Ministry of Agriculture Wuchuan County Hohhot 011705 China Department of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences Purdue University West Lafayette 47907 USA

Water resource is one of the major constraints to agricultural production in central and western Inner Mongolia, where are characteristic by arid and semi-arid climate. Reference crop evapotranspiration （ETo） is an important part of water cycle in agricultural ecosystem, which has a direct effect on crop growth and yield. The implications of climate change on ETo are of high importance for agriculture regarding water management and irrigation scheduling. The aim of this study was to analyze the variations in climate and its effect on ETo in central and western Inner Mongolia over the period 1961 to 2009 For this purpose, data in ten meteorological stations across study area were collected and the FAO Penman-Monteith 56 method was used. Results showed that the average temperature, maximum temperature and minimum temperature increased by 0.49~C, 0.31~C and 0.70~C per decade during 1961-2009, respectively. In comparison, the daily temperature range decreased by 0.38~C per decade. The air relative humidity, sunshine hour, and 10-m wind speed decreased generally by 0.58%, 40.11 h, and 0.35 rrds per decade, respectively. Annual mean ETo decreased significantly at a rate of 12.2 mm per decade over the periods, this was mainly due to the decrease in wind speed in the study area. The decrease in wind speed may balance the effect of the increase in air temperature on ETo. Variations in spatial distribution of ETo and its main controlling factor were also detected among ten stations. Our results suggested that spatial and temporal distribution of ETo should be considered regarding the optimization of water resource management for agriculture in central and western Inner Mongolia under foreseen climate change.

关键词： climate change reference crop evapotranspiration partial correlation analysis Inner Mongolia

Asymmetric Ridge–Furrow and Film Cover Improves Plant Morphological Traits and Light Utilization in Rain-Fed Maize

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2018年第5期32卷 829-838页

作者： Wanlin DONG Hang YU Lizhen ZHANG Ruonan WANG Qi WANG Qingwu XUE Zhihua pan Zhigang SUN xuebiao pan Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Agricultural Meteorological Department College of Resources and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural University China Meteorological Administration Training Centre Beijing 100081China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 1O0190China Wuchuan Scientific and Observing Experimental Station of Agro-Environment Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Hohhot 011700China Yushu Meteorological Service of Jilin Province Changchun 130061China Texas A&MAgriLife Research and Extension AmarilloTexas 79106-1769USA

Light is one of the most important natural resources for plant growth. Light interception （LI） and use efficiency （LUE） are often affected by the structure of canopy caused by growing pattern and agronomy managements. Agro-nomy practices, such as the ridge-furrow system and plastic film cover, might affect the leaf morphology and then light transmission within the canopy, thus change light extinction coefficient （k）, and LI and LUE. The objective of this study is to quantify LI and LUE in rain-fed maize （Zea Mays L.）, a major cropping system in Northeast China, under different combinations of ridge-furrow and film covering ratios. The tested ridge-furrow system （DRF：＂double ridges and furrows＂） was asymmetric and alternated with wide ridge （0.70 m in width and 0.15 m in height）, narrow furrow （0.10 m）, narrow ridge （0.40 m in width and 0.20 m in height）, and narrow furrow （0.10 m）. Field ex-periments were conducted in 2013 and 2014 in Jilin Province, Northeast China. Four treatments were tested： no ridges and plastic film cover （control, NRF）, ridges without film cover （DRF0）, ridges with 58% film cover （DRF58）, and ridges with 100% film cover （DRFl00）. DRF0 significantly increased LI by 9% compared with NRF, while film cover showed a marginal improvement. Specific leaf area in DRF experiments with film cover was significantly lower than in NRF, and leaf angle was 16% higher than in NRF, resulting in a 4% reduction in k. LUE of maize was not increased by DRF0, but was significantly enhanced by covering film in other DRF experiments, especially by 22% in DRF100. The increase of LUE by film cover was due to a greater biomass production and a lower assimilation portioning to vegetative organs, which caused a higher harvest index. The results could help farmers to optimize maize managements, especially in the region with decreased solar radiation under climate change.

关键词： light interception light use efficiency film mulching plant morphology ridge and furrow cultivation

Comparison of the Impacts of Climate Change on Potential Productivity of Different Staple Crops in the Agro-Pastoral Ecotone of North China

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2016年第6期30卷 983-997页

作者： TANG Jianzhao WANG Jing HE Di HUANG Mingxia pan Zhihua pan xuebiao College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University

The aim of this study is to compare the impacts of climate change on the potential productivity and potential productivity gaps of sunflower （Helianthus annuus）, potato （Solanurn tuberosurn）, and spring wheat （Triticumaestivurn Linn） in the agro-pastoral ecotone （APE） of North China. A crop growth dynamics statistical method was used to calculate the potential productivity affected by light, temperature, precipitation, and soil fertility. The growing season average temperature increased by 0.47, 0.48, and 0.52℃ per decade （p 〈 0.05） for sunflower, potato, and spring wheat, respectively, from 1981 to 2010. Meanwhile, the growing season solar radiation showed a decreasing trend （p 〈 0.05） and the growing season precipitation changed non-significantly across APE. The light-temperature potential productivity increased by 4.48% per decade for sunflower but decreased by 1.58% and 0.59% per decade for potato and spring wheat. The climate soil potential productivity reached only 31.20%, 27.79%, and 20.62% of the light-emperature potential produc- tivity for sunflower, potato, and spring wheat, respectively. The gaps between the light-temperature and climate-soil potential productivity increased by 6.41%, 0.97%, and 1.29% per decade for sunflower, potato, and spring wheat, respectively. The increasing suitability of the climate for sunflower suggested that the sown area of sunflower should be increased compared with potato and spring wheat in APE under future climate warming.

关键词： crop potential productivity climate warming sunflower potato spring wheat soil fertility

Isolation and characterization of rl_(t), a gene that controls leaf rolling in rice

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2014年第25期59卷 3142-3152页

作者： Lei Li Xiang Xue Zongxiang Chen Yafang Zhang Yuyin Ma Cunhong pan Junkai Zhu xuebiao pan Shimin Zuo Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province College of Agriculture Yangzhou University/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education Department of Biochemical Engineering Yangzhou Polytechnic College Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province

Moderate leaf rolling is one of the most important morphological traits in rice breeding for plant *** studies have shown that the rl(t)gene has a high breeding potential for developing hybrid-rice varieties with an ideal ideotype,because it leads to an appropriate leaf rolling index(LRI)of about 30%in the heterozygous state,and had a positive effect on grain *** this study,we isolated rl(t)and performed a preliminary investigation of its function in regulating leaf rolling in *** sequencing identified a single base change(G to T)in the finely mapped region(11 kb)containing rl(t),and this is located in 30-untranslated region(30-UTR)of the only predicted gene,Roc5(Rice outermost cell-specific).The expression level of Roc5 is significantly higher in the rl(t)mutant than in the *** RNAi and overexpression analysis,we found that the expression level of Roc5 correlated with LRI and leaf bulliform area,and wasalso associated with leaf abaxial or adaxial *** results confirmed that Roc5 controls leaf rolling in a dosage-dependent *** analysis revealed a conserved 17-nt sequence(called the GU-rich element)in the 30-UTR of HD-GL2(Homeodomain-Glabra2)family genes including *** on the model of this element in regulating mRNA stability in mammals,we speculate that the single nucleotide change in this element accounts for the higher expression level of Roc5 in the rl(t)mutant compared to the wild-type,which ultimately leads to adaxial rolling of the *** discovery further enhances our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf rolling in rice.

关键词：水稻育种基因家族 RL 卷叶分离控制特性理想株型

1961-2020年新疆棉花花铃期高温热害时空变化特征

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中国农业大学学报 2024年第3期29卷 1-12页

作者：赵金媛胡琦姜婧妍周建朔张丽娜张山清王森郭燕云潘学标王雪姣中国农业大学资源与环境学院北京100193 大连市普兰店区气象台辽宁大连116200 新疆维吾尔自治区农业气象台/新疆兴农网信息中心乌鲁木齐830002

为明确新疆棉花花铃期高温热害的时空分布特征和变化趋势,基于1961-2020年新疆棉花种植区101个气象站点逐日地面气象观测资料、灾情资料、棉花生产资料,选取新疆地区棉花花铃期高温热害指标,采用线性趋势分析、空间插值分析和MK趋势分... 详细信息

为明确新疆棉花花铃期高温热害的时空分布特征和变化趋势,基于1961-2020年新疆棉花种植区101个气象站点逐日地面气象观测资料、灾情资料、棉花生产资料,选取新疆地区棉花花铃期高温热害指标,采用线性趋势分析、空间插值分析和MK趋势分析等方法,从代际、年际和候尺度分析新疆棉花花铃期高温热害发生频率和强度的时空分布和变化特征。结果表明:1)新疆棉花花铃期高温热害的发生以重度为主,中度次之,各等级高温热害发生频率呈南高北低的空间分布特征,高值区集中在和田地区、巴音郭楞蒙古自治州、吐鲁番市和昌吉回族自治州。2)1961-2020年新疆地区棉花高温热害发生站次比、天数、危害热积温均呈增加趋势,其中南、北疆站次比每10年倾向率分别为2.2%和1.6%,危害热积温每10年变化1.7和1.9℃·d。21世纪10年代高温热害最严重。3)新疆棉花7月1候-9月3候高温热害站次比和发生频率随候序推移呈先增加后减小的趋势,在7月4候-8月1候高温热害发生频率较大;时段Ⅰ(1961-1990年)与时段Ⅱ(1991-2020年)相比,时段Ⅱ站次比最大的候序有提前的趋势,北疆站次比最大的候序由8月1候(29.2%)提前到7月3候(31.6%),南疆由7月6候(28.9%)提前到7月4候(33.2%)。

关键词：新疆棉花高温热害时空特征

临海市林场国家战略储备林建设模型和策略研究

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绿色科技 2024年第3期26卷 138-142页

作者：秦玫潘学飚汪秀缘赵奥博林健金伟军陈小民临海市林场浙江临海317000 台州市自然资源和规划局浙江台州317700 临海市苗圃浙江临海317000

临海市林场储备林建设立足林业产业融合,旨在缓解木材供需矛盾、保障木材安全的同时,提高林地利用率,实现生态经济的转化。在储备林建设中坚持科学经营、合理利用、生态富民、示范引领原则,近自然森林经营理念,针对立地条件、林分、林... 详细信息

临海市林场储备林建设立足林业产业融合,旨在缓解木材供需矛盾、保障木材安全的同时,提高林地利用率,实现生态经济的转化。在储备林建设中坚持科学经营、合理利用、生态富民、示范引领原则,近自然森林经营理念,针对立地条件、林分、林龄等因素,采用目标树培育法等精细管理手段,准确快速提升森林质量,优化森林结构。提出了结合生态经济的转化方式,探索性建设“储备林+林业碳汇”“储备林+科普宣教”“储备林+科研基地”3种经营模式,实现储备林与林业产业融合发展,为林业高质量发展提供参考。

关键词：森林经营国家战略储备林建设模型林业碳汇

Identification of New Resistance Loci Against Sheath Blight Disease in Rice Through Genome-Wide Association Study

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Rice science 2019年第1期26卷 21-31页

作者： CHEN Zongxiang FENG Zhiming KANG Houxiang ZHAO Jianhua CHEN Tianxiao LI Qianqian GONG Hongbing ZHANG Yafang CHEN Xijun pan xuebiao LIU Wende WANG Guoliang ZUO Shimin Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou University State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Zhenjiang Agricultural Research Institute

Sheath blight(SB) caused by the soil borne pathogen Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most serious global rice diseases. Breeding resistant cultivar is the most economical and effective strategy to control the disease. However, no rice varieties are completely resistant to SB, and only a few reliable quantitative trait loci(QTLs) linked with SB resistance have been identified to date. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide association study(GWAS) of SB resistance using 299 varieties from the rice diversity panel 1(RDP1) that were genotyped using 44 000 high-density single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) markers. Through artificial inoculation, we found that only 36.5% of the tested varieties displayed resistance or moderate resistance to SB. In particular, the aromatic and aus sub-populations displayed higher SB resistance than the tropical japonica(TRJ), indica and temperate japonica sub-populations. Seven varieties showed similar resistance levels to the resistant control YSBR1. GWAS identified at least 11 SNP loci significantly associated with SB resistance in the three independent trials, leading to the identification of two reliable QTLs, qSB-3 and qSB-6, on chromosomes 3 and 6. Using favorable alleles or haplotypes of significantly associated SNP loci, we estimated that both QTLs had obvious effects on reducing SB disease severity and can be used for enhancing SB resistance, especially in improving SB resistance of TRJ sub-population rice varieties. These results provided important information and genetic materials for developing SB resistant varieties through breeding.

关键词： genome-wide association study quantitative trait locus rice sheath blight plant height

基于NURBS和VC++6.0的棉花生长可视化研究

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农业工程学报 2006年第10期22卷 159-162页

作者：杨娟赵明潘学标中国农业大学信息与电气工程学院北京100083 中国农业大学资源与环境学院北京100083

该文介绍了用NURBS曲面方法建立棉花的各种叶子、铃、花瓣等器官三维模型的方法,结合C++面向对象技术,实现了棉花生长可视化。提出了基于器官图像获取棉花造型控制点二维坐标的准确、简便的方法,给出了一种解决器官的形状归一化问题的... 详细信息

该文介绍了用NURBS曲面方法建立棉花的各种叶子、铃、花瓣等器官三维模型的方法,结合C++面向对象技术,实现了棉花生长可视化。提出了基于器官图像获取棉花造型控制点二维坐标的准确、简便的方法,给出了一种解决器官的形状归一化问题的方法。与三维数字化等方法相比,省去了进行大量精确数据的测量和数学表达式的拟合工作。棉花的主茎、果枝的各节采用O penG l提供的基本几何图形组合成8面棱柱来建模,棉花的拓扑结构通过C++类来描述,在VC++6.0下结合O penGL实现了棉花生长模拟的可视化,取得了较逼真的效果。

关键词： NURBS OpenGL C++ 棉花生长模型可视化拓扑结构

Prospect of the QTL-qSB-9^(Tq) utilized in molecular breeding program of japonica rice against sheath blight

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2008年第8期35卷 499-505页

作者： Shimin Zuo Li Zhang Hui Wang Yuejun Yin Yafang Zhang Zongxiang Chen Yuyin Ma xuebiao pan Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China

The major QTL-qSB-9^Tq conferring partial resistance to rice （Oryza sativa L.） sheath blight （Rhizoctonia solani Kvhn） has been verified on chromosome 9 of the indica rice cultivar, Teqing. In this study, the prospect of this QTL utilized in molecular breeding program of japonica rice for sheath blight resistance was investigated. Most of the japonica rice cultivars showed lower level of sheath blight resistance than the indica rice cultivars. At the corresponding site of qSB-9^Tq, nine typical japonica rice cultivars from different ecological regions or countries proved to possess the susceptible allele（s）. Introgression of qSB-9^Tq into these cultivars enhanced their resistance level by decreasing sheath blight score of 1.0 （0.5-1.3）, which indicated that qSB-9^Tq had a large potential in strengthening the resistance of japonica rice to sheath blight. The use of the three molecular markers, which were polymorphic between Teqing and many japonica rice cultivars, promotes the application of qSB-9^Tq in a concrete molecular breeding program.

关键词： rice (Oryza sativa L.) japonica cultivar sheath blight QTL molecular breeding