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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2024年第1期13卷 29-38页

作者： Emilie A.k.Warren Shishir k.Maithel Division of Surgical Oncology Winship Cancer InstituteEmory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA

Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)represents a group of epithelial cell tumors classified based on their anatomic location along the biliary *** rare malignancy is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and deemed *** for those patients who are surgical candidates,recurrence rates are high and survival rates *** mainstay of therapy for advanced CCA remains cisplatin plus gemcitabine,with a median overall survival(mOS)under 12 months,although the TOpAZ-1 trial showed a survival benefit with the addition of programmed cell death ligand 1(pD-L1)*** recent years,molecular profiling has revealed a wealth of potentially targetable genetic alterations,including fibroblast growth factor receptor(FGFR)fusions,isocitrate dehydrogenase 1(IDH1)mutations,human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)amplification and overexpression,and microsatellite instability(MSI).These discoveries have prompted numerous clinical trials employing drugs against these specific genetic *** foundation laid by early clinical studies and the landscape of ongoing trials are both summarized *** the role of adjuvant therapy has yet to be defined in this disease,we emphasize the importance of employing targeted therapies in trials in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant spaces and discuss ways to overcome challenges due to low incidence of targetable *** medicine for this disease promises significant clinical benefit to patients,but further investigation is needed.

关键词： Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA) biliary tract cancer(BTC) targeted therapy molecular profiling

Surgical treatment of inflammatory bowel disease:From the gastroenterologist’s stand-point

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第5期16卷 1235-1254页

作者： John k Triantafillidis Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit “Metropolitan General”HospitalHolargos 15562AtticaGreece Hellenic Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology Haidari 12461AthensGreece

Treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn’s disease(CD)represents,in the majority of cases,a real challenge to the gastroenterologist’s abilities and skills as well as a clinical test concerning his/her levels of medical knowledge and *** the last two decades,our pharmaceutical arsenal was significantly strengthened,especially after the introduction of the so-called biological agents,drugs which to a large extent not only improved the results of conservative treatment but also changed the natural history of the ***,colectomy is still necessary for some patients with severe UC although smaller compared to the past,precisely because of the improvements achieved in the available conservative ***,surgeries to treat colon dysplasia and cancer are increasing to some *** the same time,satisfactory improvements in surgical techniques,the pre-and post-operative care of patients,as well as the selection of the appropriate time for performing the surgery have been *** patients with CD,the improvement of conservative treatment did not significantly change the need for surgical treatment since two-thirds of patients need to undergo surgery at some point in the course of their *** the other hand,the outcome of the operation has improved through good preoperative care as well as the wide application of more conservative surgical techniques aimed at keeping as much of the bowel in situ as *** article discusses the indications for surgical management of UC patients from the gastroenterologist’s point of view,the results of the emerging new techniques such as transanal surgery and robotics,as well as alternative operations to the classic ileo-anal-pouch *** author also discusses the basic principles of surgical management of patients with CD based on the results of the relevant *** self-evident is emphasized,that is,to achieve an excellent therapeutic result in patients with se

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Ulcerative colitis Crohn’s disease Surgery Treatment Ileo-anal-pouch anastomosis Indications Techniques

Net effect of air pollution controls on health risk in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region during the 2022 winter Olympics and paralympics

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 560-569页

作者： Changqing Lin peter k.k.Louie Alexis k.H.Lau Jimmy C.H.Fung Zibing Yuan Minghui Tao Xuguo Zhang Md.Shakhaoat Hossain Chengcai Li Xiang Qian Lao Division of Environment and Sustainability The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina Environmental protection Department Hong Kong Government SARHong KongChina Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina Department of Mathematics The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina School of Environment and Energy South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Hubei key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution School of Geography and Information EngineeringChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Department of public Health and Informatics Jahangirnagar UniversityDhaka 1342Bangladesh Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Jockey Club School of public Health and primary Care The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Due to the non-linearity in ozone(O_(3))formation,reducing the emission of nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))may increase O_(3) *** the counteractive O_(3) response to NO_(x) reduction,overall impact of air pollution controls can be ambiguous when the assessments focus on the changes in pollutant *** this study,a risk-based method was used to gauge the net effect of air pollution controls on mortality risk in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei(BTH)region during the 2022 Winter Olympics and paralympics(WOp).This mega-event presents a unique opportunity to investigate the efficacy of deep cuts in pollutant *** show that O_(3) concentrations greatly increased as nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))concentrations decreased in the *** to the active photochemical formations,O_(3) became the dominant pollutant that affected human health during the *** the substantial O_(3) increases,the health benefits of NO_(2) reductions overwhelmed the adverse health effects of O_(3) increases in most regions of the BTH(at 81 out of 112 stations).After considering the impacts of particulate matter,the integrated health risk of air pollution mixtures declined almost everywhere in the *** results underscore the great necessity of changing the assessment paradigm of pollution control from using concentration-based methods to using risk-based *** with the carbon neutrality policy,stringent control of NO_(x)emission from combustion sources is a promising way to achieve synergistic control solutions for air pollution and climate change.

关键词： Ozone Nitrogen dioxide Health risk Carbon neutrality Mega-events

Sustainable Biocomposites Materials for Automotive Brake pad Application:An Overview

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第3期12卷 485-511页

作者： Joseph O.Dirisu Imhade p.Okokpujie Olufunmilayo O.Joseph Sunday O.Oyedepo Oluwasegun Falodun Lagouge k.Tartibu Firdaussi D.Shehu Department of Mechanical Engineering Covenant UniversityOtaOgunNigeria Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering AFE Babalola UniversityAdoEkitiNigeria Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Technology University of JohannesburgJohannesburg2028South Africa School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering University of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa

Research into converting waste into viable eco-friendly products has gained global *** natural fibres and pulverized metallic waste becomes necessary to reduce noxious environmental emissions due to indiscriminately occupying the *** study reviews the literature in the broad area of green composites in search of materials that can be used in automotive brake *** made by biocomposite,rather than fossil fuels,will be favoured.A database containing the tribo-mechanical performance of numerous potential components for the future green composite was established using the technical details of bio-polymers and natural *** development of materials with diverse compositions and varying proportions is now conceivable,and these materials can be permanently connected in fully regulated *** explanation demonstrates that all of these variables affect friction coefficient,resistance to wear from friction and high temperatures,and the operating life of brake pads to varying *** this study,renewable materials for the matrix and reinforcement are screened to determine which have sufficient strength,coefficient of friction,wear resistance properties,and reasonable costs,making them a feasible option for a green *** most significant,intriguing,and unusual materials used in manufacturing brake pads are gathered in this review,which also analyzes how they affect the tribological characteristics of the pads.

关键词： Asbestos brake pad biocomposites green composite mechanical properties natural reinforcement waste

Heating of nanoparticles and their environment by laser radiation and applications

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Nanotechnology and precision Engineering 2024年第1期7卷 78-115页

作者： Victor k.pustovalov Belarusian National Technical University Pr.Independency65Minsk 220013Belarus

This review considers the fundamental dynamic processes involved in the laser heating of metal nanoparticles and their subsequent *** particular interest are the absorption of laser energy by nanoparticles,the heating of a single nanoparticle or an ensemble thereof,and the dissipation of the energy of nanoparticles due to heat exchange with the *** goal is to consider the dependences and values of the temperatures of the nanoparticles and the environment,their time scales,and other parameters that describe these *** results and analytical studies on the heating of single metal nanoparticles by laser pulses are discussed,including the laser thresholds for initiating subsequent photothermal processes,how temperature inﬂuences the optical properties,and the heating of gold nanoparticles by laser *** studies of the heating of an ensemble of nanoparticles and the results of an analytical study of the heating of an ensemble of nanoparticles and the environment by laser radiation are *** methods for nanoparticles under laser heating are considered,including changes in the refractive indices of metals and spectral thermometry of optical scattering of nanoparticles,Raman spectroscopy,the thermal distortion of the refractive index of an environment heated by a nanoparticle,and thermochemical phase transitions in lipid bilayers surrounding a heated *** the sequence of events after radiation absorption and their time scales underlies many applications of *** applicationﬁelds for the laser heating of nanoparticles are reviewed,including thermochemical reactions and selective nanophotothermolysis initiated in the environment by laser-heated nanoparticles,thermal radiation emission by nanoparticles and laser-induced incandescence,electron and ion emission of heated nanoparticles,and optothermal chemical *** of the laser heating of nanoparticles in la

关键词： Nanoparticles Laser Heating Modeling Nanothermometry Applications

Drought events influence nutrient canopy exchanges and green leaf partitioning during senescence in a deciduous forest

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 110-119页

作者： J.Touche C.Calvaruso p.De Donato M.-p.Turpault INRAE BEFF-54000NancyFrance UMR 7359 GeoRessourcesFaculte des Sciences-Campus des Aiguillettes54506Vandoeuvre Les NancyFrance EcoSustain Environmental Engineering OfficeResearch and DevelopmentKanfen57330France

The increase in the frequency and intensity of drought events expected in the coming decades in Western Europe may disturb forest biogeochemical cycles and create nutrient deficiencies in *** possible origin of nutrient deficiency is the disturbance of the partitioning of the green leaf pool during the leaf senescence period between resorption,foliar leaching and senesced ***,the effects of drought events on this partitioning and the consequences for the maintenance of tree nutrition are poorly *** experiment in a beech forest in Meuse(France)was conducted to assess the effect of drought events on nutrient canopy exchanges and on the partitioning of the green leaf pool during the leaf senescence *** aim was to identify potential nutritional consequences of droughts for *** nutrient dynamics,including resorption,chemistry of green and senesced leaves,foliar absorption and leaching in mature beech stands from 2012 to 2019 allowed us to compare the nutrient exchanges for three nondry and three dry years(i.e.,with an intense drought event during the growing season).During dry years,we observed a decrease by almost a third of the potassium(k)partitioning to resorption(*** efficiency),thus reducing the k reserve in trees for the next growing *** result suggests that with the increased drought frequency and intensity expected for the coming decades,there will be a risk of potassium deficiency in trees,as already observed in a rainfall exclusion experiment on the same study *** foliar leaching and higher parititioning to the senesced leaves for k and phosphorus(p)were also *** addition,a slight increase in nitrogen(N)resorption efficiency occurred during dry years which is more likely to improve tree *** calcium(Ca)negative resorption decreased,with no apparent consequence in our study *** results show that nutrient exchanges in the canopy and the partitioning of the green leaf

关键词： Natural drought Beech forest Canopy Resorption Foliar leaching Senesced leaves Nutrition

Fluoride contamination in groundwater:A global review of the status,processes,challenges,and remedial measures

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第2期15卷 1-29页

作者： E.Shaji k.V.Sarath M.Santosh p.k.krishnaprasad B.k.Arya Manisha S.Babu Department of Geology University of KeralaKariavattom CampusThiruvananthapuramKerala 695581India School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences(Beijing)29 Xueyuan RoadBeijing 100083China Department of Earth Science University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Department of Geology Central University of KeralaTejaswini HillsPeriyeKasaragodKerala 671316India

Groundwater pollution by fluoride is one of the prime concerns of the world population due to its toxicity,which results in adverse health *** this paper,we review the current scenario of the fluoride contamination of groundwater in various countries across the globe and its impact on human *** the last decade,several newly affected regions have been reported all over the world,with more than 100 countries affected by fluoride contamination in groundwater(concentration exceeding the acceptable limit of 1.5 mg/L defined by the World Health Organization).Fluoride poisoning is mainly due to the unsupervised ingestion of products for dental and oral hygiene and over-fluoridated drinking *** is estimated that more than 200 million people from different countries are affected by fluoriderelated groundwater issues and health *** highest among these are from the countries in Africa(38),Asia(28),and Europe(24),followed by countries like South America(5),North America(3),and Australia(2).The source of fluoride in drinking water is primarily geogenic,together with forage,grasses and grains,tea,and anthropogenic *** countries affected were correlated with climatic zones and geological factors to gain insights into geospatial *** analyses show that most of the fluoride pollution-prone zones are located in high-grade metamorphic terranes with granitoid or alkaline intrusions,geothermal hot springs,and volcanic regions with arid or semi-arid climatic *** study also finds that children across the globe are more vulnerable than adults to fluoride *** review finds that,although there are efficient fluoride removal techniques,including filters with next-generation nanomaterials,to date,there has not been a single technique developed that can claim to be a practically robust solution for fluoride removal from drinking ***,we suggest developing next-generation filters that can retain essential miner

关键词： Fluoride Groundwater Water contamination WHO standards Climate zones Remediation Sustainable Development Goals

Wind energy feasibility and wind turbine selection studies for the city Surat,India

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Clean Energy 2024年第3期8卷 166-173页

作者： Arshi Banu p S Maanat Bhadani Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science ChennaiIndia The Doon School UttarakhandDehradunIndia

Wind energy represents a clean,abundant and cost-effective power source,fostering job growth and environmental *** wind energy harnesses several gigawatts today,its availability hinges on diverse factors,with geographical location standing *** turbines,with varying capacity ranges,saturate the *** site-specific suitability and matching the appropriate turbine to meet specific requirements are of paramount *** study aims to assess the feasibility of wind energy in Surat,Gujarat,India and select an optimal small commercial turbine for residential *** research involves Rayleigh and Weibull probability distribution functions based on yearlong velocity *** distributions are fitted with actual data,revealing the most probable velocity(v_(mf)=3 m/s)and velocity at maximum power(v_(pmax)=5 m/s).The power availability of the site has been assessed as 42.6 W/m^(2)using both graphical and analytical *** commercial turbines have been shortlisted based on on-site power criteria and their specifications are evaluated against site power availability.A comparative analysis culminates in identifying the most suitable turbine for the *** best suitable turbine for the site with an annual energy yield of 8 MW has been suggested amongst selected turbines for small-scale residential applications.

关键词： site feasibility wind energy commercial wind turbine probability distribution function rated power

Stress granules: friend or foe in neurodegenerative disorders?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 403-404页

作者： Shanshan Xu Nico p.Dantuma Department of Cell and Molecular Biology(CMB) Karolinska InstitutetSolnavägen 9S-17165 StockholmSweden

Neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer’s disease,parkinson’s disease,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,despite the diversity in clinical symptoms,share a striking feature at the cellular level:the accumulation of insoluble aggregates of misfolded proteins that are sequestered in intraneuronal inclusion *** mutations in disease-associated proteins that render them aggregation-prone,the decline of protein homeostasis(***)with aging is also believed to be a contributing factor to the accumulation of protein aggregates.

关键词： degenerative homeostasis clinical

Unveiling the culprit:the fusobacterium lineage that populates colorectal cancer

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第6期9卷 2349-2350页

作者： Johannes Betge Matthias p.Ebert Department of Medicine Ⅱ Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany Junior Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Gastrointestinal Oncology and preclinical Models German Cancer Research Center(DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany DkFZ Hector Cancer Institute at University Medical Center MannheimGermany MMpU Microbiota Drug Metabolism and Cancer Therapy European Molecular Biology LaboratoryHeidelbergGermany

In a recent study published in Nature,Zepeda-Rivera et al.1 discovered that one distinct clade of Fusobacterium nucleatum animalis(Fna)dominates the colorectal cancer(CRC)tumor *** work unravels a more precise understanding of a major bacterial species associated with CRC progression,thereby establishing a new focus for future studies,which may aid to develop improved microbiome-based diagnostics and treatments(Fig.1).

关键词： colorectal al. cancer