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Systematic Analysis of Carbon Dioxide Activation of Waste Tire by Factorial Design

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2012年第3期20卷 497-504页

作者： p.p.M.Fung W.h.Cheung G.McKay Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering the Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina

In this study, waste tire was used as raw material for the production of activated carbons through pyrolysis. ＇Fire char was first produced by carbomzation at 550℃ under nitrogen. A two tactortal design was used to optimize the production of activated carbon from tire char. The effects of several factors controlling the activation process, such as temperature （.830-930℃）, time （2-6h） and percentage ot carbon dioxide （70%-100%） were investigated. The production was described mathematically as a function of these three factors. First order modeling equations were developed for surface area, yield and mesopore volume. It was concluded that the yield, BET surface area and mesopore volume of activated carbon were most sensitive to activation temperature and time while percentage of carbon dioxide in the activation gas was a less significant factor.

关键词： activated carbon waste tire factorial design carbon dioxide

neurochemistry as a bridge between morphology and behavior： perspectives on aggression in insects

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Current Zoology 2014年第6期60卷 778-790页

作者： Andrew n. BUBAK Jaime l. GRACE Michael J. WATT Kenneth J. REnnER John G. SWAllOW neuroscience program University of Colorado-Denver Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO 80045 USA Department of Integrative Biology University of Colorado-Denver Denver CO 80217-3364 USA Center for Brain and Behavior Research Basic Biomedical Sciences University of South Dakota Vermillion SD 57069 USA Department of Biology University of South Dakota Vermillion SD 57069 USA

Aggression is a common behavioral trait shared in many animals, including both vertebrates and invertebrates. however, the type and intensity of agonistic encounters and displays can vary widely both across and within species, resulting in complicated or subjective interpretations that create difficulties in developing theoretical models that can be widely applied. The need to easily and objectively identify quantifiable behaviors and their associated morphologies becomes especially important when attempting to decipher the neurological mechanisms underlying this complex behavior. Monoamines, neuropeptides, and pheromones have been implicated as important neuromodulators for agonistic displays in both invertebrates and vertebrates. Ad- ditionally, recent breakthroughs in insect research have revealed exciting proximate mechanisms important in aggression that may be broadly relevant, due to the relatively high conservation of these neurochemical systems across animal taxa. In this review, we present the latest research demonstrating the importance of monoamines, neuropeptides, and pheromones as neuromodulators for aggression across a variety of insect species. Additionally, we describe the stalk-eyed fly as a model system for studying aggres- sion, which integrates physiological, morphological, and neurochemical approaches in exploring detailed mechanisms responsible for this common yet complex behavior. We conclude with our perspective on the most promising lines of future research aimed at understanding the proximate and ultimate mechanisms underlying aggressive behaviors .

关键词： Monoamines Aggression Insects Evolutionary physiology Sexual Selection

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兽医学药理学与治疗学

兽医学药理学与治疗学

Role of serendipity in the discovery of classical antidepressant drugs:Applying operational criteria and patterns of discovery

作者： l.M.·琼斯(l.M. Janes) n.h.·布思(n.h. Booth)

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World Journal of psychiatry 2022年第4期12卷 588-602页

作者： Francisco lópez-Muñoz pilar D’Ocón Alejandro Romero JoséA Guerra CecilioÁlamo Faculty of health University Camilo JoséCelaVillanueva de la Cañada 28692MadridSpain “hospital 12 de Octubre”Research Institute(i+12) Avda.de Córdobas/nMadrid 28041Spain Department of pharmacology Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of ValenciaAvda.Vicent Andres Estelless/nValencia 46100Spain Department of pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Veterinary MedicineComplutense UniversityAvda.Puerta de Hierros/nMadrid 28040Spain Department of pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of PharmacyComplutense UniversityPl.de Ramón y Cajals/nMadrid 28040Spain Department of Biomedical Sciences(pharmacology Area) Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of AlcaláCampus Científico-TecnológicoCrta.de Madrid-BarcelonaAlcaláde Henares 28871MadridSpain

The role played by serendipity in the origin of modern psychopharmacology has proven to be controversial in scientific *** its original meaning(Walpole),serendipity refers to discoveries made through a combination of accidents and *** have implemented an operational definition of serendipity based on finding something unexpected or unintended,regardless of the systematic process that led to the accidental observation,and we have established four different patterns of serendipitous *** this paper,we have analyzed the role of serendipity in the discovery and development of classical antidepressant drugs,tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors as well as heterocyclic,“atypical”or“second generation”*** discovery of the antidepressant properties of imipramine and iproniazid,the prototypes of tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors,respectively,fits the mixed type II pattern;initial serendipitous discoveries(imipramine was an antipsychotic and iproniazid was an antituberculosis agent)led secondarily to non-serendipitous *** the other components of these two families of drugs were developed specifically as antidepressants,modifying the chemical structure of the series leaders,thereby allowing all of them to be included in the type IV pattern,characterized by the complete absence of *** the heterocyclic drugs,mianserin(originally developed as an antihistamine)also falls into the type II pattern.

关键词： Serendipity Antidepressants Imipramine Iproniazid psychopharmacology history of neurosciences

Multi Model Criteria for the Estimation of Road Traffic Congestion from Traffic Flow Information Based on Fuzzy logic

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2012年第1期2卷 50-62页

作者： hari Shankar p. l. n. Raju K. Ram Mohan Rao 不详

In this study, the road traffic congestion of Dehradun city is evaluated from traffic flow information using fuzzy techniques. Three different approaches namely Sugeno, Mamdani models which are manually tuned techniques, and an Adaptive neuo-Fuzzy Inference System (AnFIS) which an automated model decides the ranges and parameters of the membership functions using grid partition technique, based on fuzzy logic. The systems are designed to human’s feelings on inputs and output levels. There are three levels of each input namely high, medium and low for input density, fast, medium and slow for input speed, and five levels of output namely free flow, slow moving, mild congestion, heavy congestion and serious jam for the road traffic congestion estimation. The results, obtained by fuzzy based techniques show that the manually tuned Sugeno type technique achieves 72.05% accuracy, Mamdani type technique achieves 83.82% accuracy, and Adaptive neuro-Fuzzy Inference System technique achieves 88.23% accuracy. AnFIS technique appears better than the manually tuned fuzzy technique, and also the manually tuned fuzzy technique gives good accuracy which leads that the fuzzy inference system can capture the human perception better through manual adjustment of input/output membership functions.

关键词： Fuzzy Inference Systems Fuzzy Rules Congestion human perception

STUDY OF TCp phASE pRECIpITATInG In Gh4199 SUpERAllOY

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English letters) 2004年第5期17卷 645-650页

作者： T.Cui Y.S.Zhang S.W.Guo l.Wang h.C.Yang SchoolofMaterialsandMetallurgy NortheasternUniversityShenyang110004ChinaManuscriptreceived15July2003 inrevisedform19January2004

The precipitating regulation and mechanism of TCp phase (μ phase and σ phase) are studied, using electron hole number (Ehn) theory, phase analysis technology and TEM observation. The results indicate that the Ehn in studied alloy is 2.311-2.348 which is higher than that of critical Ehn of μ phase precipitate (2.30), so μ phase could precipitate if there is enough thermo-exposition. In contrast, the calculated Ehn is less than that of critical Ehn of σ phase precipitate (2.52). however the σ phase is also observed by TEM. Enrich of Cr and Mo around γ phase after γ′phase precipitated leads to σ phase precipitated.

关键词： superalloy TCp phase electron hole number

Cellulose structure and lignin distribution in normal and compression wood of the Maidenhair tree(Ginkgo biloba l.)

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2015年第4期57卷 388-395页

作者： Seppo Andersson Yurong Wang Raili p?nni Tuomas h?nninen Marko Mononen haiqing Ren Ritva Serimaa pekka Saranp?? Department of physics University of Helsinki Research Institute of Wood Industry Chinese Academy of Forestry Department of Forest products Technology Aalto UniversitySchool of Chemical Technology VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland natural Resources Institute Finland

We studied in detail the mean micro fibril angle and the width of cellulose crystals from the pith to the bark of a 15-year-old Maidenhair tree（Ginkgo biloba l.）. The orientation of cellulose micro fibrils with respect to the cell axis and the width and length of cellulose crystallites were determined using Xray diffraction. Raman microscopy was used to compare the lignin distribution in the cell wall of normal/opposite and compression wood, which was found near the pith. Ginkgo biloba showed a relatively large mean micro fibril angle,varying between 19° and 39° in the S2 layer, and the average width of cellulose crystallites was 3.1–3.2 nm. Mild compression wood without any intercellular spaces or helical cavities was observed near the pith. Slit-like bordered pit openings and a heavily lignified S2 l layer con firmed the presence of compression wood. Ginkgo biloba showed typical features present in the juvenile wood of conifers. The micro fibril angle remained large over the 14 annual rings. The entire stem disc,with a diameter of 18 cm, was considered to consist of juvenile wood. The properties of juvenile and compression wood as well as the cellulose orientation and crystalline width indicate that the wood formation of G. biloba is similar to that of modern conifers.

关键词： Cellulose structure cell wall compression wood lignin Maidenhair tree microfibril angle

An Assessment of the level of Knowledge of hIV-Infected patients about highly Active Antireteroviral Therapy and Waiting Times and Their Influence on Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence at a primary healthcare Centre of South Africa

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Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology 2017年第7期5卷 467-477页

作者： n l Katende-Kyenda Department of General Medicine and pharmacology School of Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences Walter Sisulu University Mthath 5117 South Africa

Objectives： The study assessed if the level of knowledge of hIV-infected about hAART and waiting-times in the phC （primary healthcare） clinic have an influence on antiretroviral adherence. Methods： A descriptive-cross-sectional study was conducted in South Africa. Data collected uses a standardized-questionnaire and face-to-face-exit interviews. pill-count technique was performed and a value of≥ 95% acceptable. Data were analysed using SpSS. Univariate-factors associated with poor-adherence to knowledge about hAART and waiting times were assessed using AnOVA and p ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant. Key findings： Of 86 enrolled, 63（73.3%） were females and 23（26.7%） males, with mean-age （± SD） of 35.6（±9.6） years and on hAART for 35.5（± 31.8） months ranging from 1-137. Of these, 27（31.40%） and 25（29.07%） were on WhO stages 2 and 3 respectively. Adherence-rates computed from 32 patients, 23（71.9%） revealed poor adherence-rates. The level of knowledge about hAART in terms of names of tablets, correct-dose, frequency, adverse-effects had no influence on ARV-adherence （p _〉 0.05）. Of 23 non-compliant, 10 （40%） gave the reason of drugs-unavailability, 7（30%） adverse-effects, 5（20%） drugs＇ complexity, and 1（10%） too busy to take them. Waiting areas associated with poor ARV-adherence were reception （p = 0.028）, doctors （p = 0.027）, while nurse＇s station （p = 0.29） and pharmacy （p = 0.43） revealed acceptable ARV-adherence.

关键词： hIV-infected patients highly active antiretroviral drugs adherence primary health care.

Competition between fusion-evaporation and multifragmentation in central collisions in ^(58)ni+^(48)Ca at 25A MeV

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nuclear Science and Techniques 2013年第5期24卷 82-88页

作者： FRAnCAlAnZA l ABBOnDAnnO U AMORInI F BARlInI S BInI M BOUGAUlT R BRUnO M CARDEllA G CASInI G AGOSTInO M D' De FIlIppO V De SAnCTIS J GERACI E GIUSSAnI A GRAMEGnA F GUIOT B KRAVChUK V la GUIDARA E lAnZAlOnE G le nEInDRE n MAIOlInO C MARInI p MOREllI l OlMI A pAGAnO A pApA M pIAnTEllI S pIRROnE S pOlITI G pOGGI G pORTO F RUSSOTTO p RIZZO F VAnnInI G VAnnUCCI l InFn laboratori nazionali del Sud-lnS Catania 95123Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Universitàdi Catania I-95129Italy InFn Sezione di Trieste Trieste I-34127Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Universitàdi FirenzeINFN Sezione di Firenze 1-50139Italy lpC Caen IN2P3-CNRS/ENSICAEN and UniversitéF-14050 Caen cedex 5-140France Dipartimento di Fisica Universitàdi Bologna and INFN Sezione di Bologna 4-50121Italy InFn Sezione di Catania I-95129 Italy InFn Sezione di Firenze I-50139 Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Universitàdi Milano and INFN Sezione di Milano1-20126Italy InFn laboratori nazionali di legnaro 1-35020 Italy Centro Siciliano di Fisica nucleare e Struttura della Materia Catania 1-95129Italy UniversitàKore Enna 1-94100Italy

The experimental data concerning the58ni+48Ca reaction at Elab(ni)=25A MeV,collected by using the ChIMERA 4π device,have been analyzed in order to investigate the competition among different reaction mechanisms for central collisions in the Fermi energy *** a main criterion for centrality selection we have chosen the flow angle(flow) method,making an event-by-event analysis that considers the shape of events,as it is determined by the eigenvectors of the experimental kinetic-energy *** the selected central events(flow >60°) some global variables,good to characterize the pattern of central collisions have been *** main features of the reaction products were explored by using different constraints on some of the relevant observables,like mass and velocity distributions and their *** emphasis was devoted,for central collisions,to the competition between fusion-evaporation processes with subsequent identification of a heavy residue and a possible multifragmentation mechanism of a well defined(if any) transient nuclear *** evolution of the system and pre-equilibrium emission were taken into account by simulating the reactions in the framework of transport *** approaches have been envisaged(dynamical stochastic BnV calculations + sequential SIMOn code,QMD,CoMD,etc.).preliminary comparison of the experimental data with BnV calculations shows reasonable agreement with the assumption of sequential multifragmentation emission in the mass region of IMFs close to the heavy *** deviations from sequential processes were found for those IMFs in the region of masses intermediate between the mass of heavy residues and the mass of light *** simulations are in *** experimental analysis will be enriched also by information obtained inspecting the IMF-IMF correlation function,in order to elucidated the nature of space-time decay property of the emitting source associated with events having

关键词：多重碎裂中心碰撞蒸发过程 MeV 竞争熔合国际货币基金组织事件分析