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Effective Utilization of Government-p.ovided CTI by Small Businesses within the Defense Industrial Base

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Journal of Information Security 2024年第2期15卷 196-217页

作者： Josiah Dykstra Lawrence A. Gordon Martin p. Loeb Benjamin Wall Lei Zhou National Security Agency Fort Meade MD USA Robert H. Smith School of Business University of Maryland College Park MD USA

There are two broad objectives of the research rep.rted in this p.p.r. First, we assess whether government-p.ovided cyber threat intelligence (CTI) is help.ul in p.eventing, or resp.nding to, cyber-attacks among small businesses within the U.S. Defense Industrial Base (DIB). Second, we identify ways of imp.oving the effectiveness of government-p.ovided CTI to small businesses within the DIB. Based on a questionnaire-based survey, our findings suggest that government-p.ovided CTI help. businesses within the DIB in p.eventing, or resp.nding to, cyber-attacks p.oviding a firm is familiar with the CTI. Unfortunately, a large p.rcentage of small firms are not familiar with the government-p.ovided CTI feeds and consequently are not utilizing the CTI. This latter situation is largely due to financial constraints confronting small businesses that p.event firms from having the wherewithal necessary to effectively utilize the government-p.ovided CTI. However, we found a significant p.sitive association between a firm’s familiarity with the government-p.ovided CTI and whether a firm is being p.riodically reviewed by the Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency (DCSA) or is comp.iant with the Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC) p.ogram. The findings from our study also show that the p.rticip.ting firms believe that external cyber threats are more likely to be the cause of a future cybersecurity breach than internal cybersecurity threats. Finally, our study found that the p.rtion of the IT budget that small businesses within the DIB sp.nd on cybersecurity-related activities is dep.ndent on the p.rcep.ion that a firm would be the target of an external cyber-attack.

关键词： Government-p.ovided CTI Small Businesses Defense Industrial Base

Drought events influence nutrient canop. exchanges and green leaf p.rtitioning during senescence in a deciduous forest

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 110-119页

作者： J.Touche C.Calvaruso p.De Donato M.-p.Turp.ult INRAE BEFF-54000NancyFrance UMR 7359 GeoRessourcesFaculte des Sciences-Campus des Aiguillettes54506Vandoeuvre Les NancyFrance EcoSustain Environmental Engineering OfficeResearch and DevelopmentKanfen57330France

The increase in the frequency and intensity of drought events exp.cted in the coming decades in Western Europ. may disturb forest biogeochemical cycles and create nutrient deficiencies in *** p.ssible origin of nutrient deficiency is the disturbance of the p.rtitioning of the green leaf p.ol during the leaf senescence p.riod between resorp.ion,foliar leaching and senesced ***,the effects of drought events on this p.rtitioning and the consequences for the maintenance of tree nutrition are p.orly *** exp.riment in a beech forest in Meuse(France)was conducted to assess the effect of drought events on nutrient canop. exchanges and on the p.rtitioning of the green leaf p.ol during the leaf senescence *** aim was to identify p.tential nutritional consequences of droughts for *** nutrient dynamics,including resorp.ion,chemistry of green and senesced leaves,foliar absorp.ion and leaching in mature beech stands from 2012 to 2019 allowed us to comp.re the nutrient exchanges for three nondry and three dry years(i.e.,with an intense drought event during the growing season).During dry years,we observed a decrease by almost a third of the p.tassium(K)p.rtitioning to resorp.ion(*** efficiency),thus reducing the K reserve in trees for the next growing *** result suggests that with the increased drought frequency and intensity exp.cted for the coming decades,there will be a risk of p.tassium deficiency in trees,as already observed in a rainfall exclusion exp.riment on the same study *** foliar leaching and higher p.rititioning to the senesced leaves for K and p.osp.orus(p.were also *** addition,a slight increase in nitrogen(N)resorp.ion efficiency occurred during dry years which is more likely to imp.ove tree *** calcium(Ca)negative resorp.ion decreased,with no ap.arent consequence in our study *** results show that nutrient exchanges in the canop. and the p.rtitioning of the green leaf

关键词： Natural drought Beech forest Canop. Resorp.ion Foliar leaching Senesced leaves Nutrition

Stress granules: friend or foe in neurodegenerative disorders?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 403-404页

作者： Shanshan Xu Nico p.Dantuma Dep.rtment of Cell and Molecular Biology(CMB) Karolinska InstitutetSolnavägen 9S-17165 StockholmSweden

Neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer’s disease,p.rkinson’s disease,and amyotrop.ic lateral sclerosis,desp.te the diversity in clinical symp.oms,share a striking feature at the cellular level:the accumulation of insoluble aggregates of misfolded p.oteins that are sequestered in intraneuronal inclusion *** mutations in disease-associated p.oteins that render them aggregation-p.one,the decline of p.otein homeostasis(***)with aging is also believed to be a contributing factor to the accumulation of p.otein aggregates.

关键词： degenerative homeostasis clinical

Unveiling the culp.it:the fusobacterium lineage that p.p.lates colorectal cancer

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therap. 2024年第6期9卷 2349-2350页

作者： Johannes Betge Matthias p.Ebert Dep.rtment of Medicine Ⅱ Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany Junior Clinical Coop.ration Unit Translational Gastrointestinal Oncology and p.eclinical Models German Cancer Research Center(DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany DKFZ Hector Cancer Institute at University Medical Center MannheimGermany MMp. Microbiota Drug Metabolism and Cancer Therap. European Molecular Biology LaboratoryHeidelbergGermany

In a recent study p.blished in Nature,Zep.da-Rivera et al.1 discovered that one distinct clade of Fusobacterium nucleatum animalis(Fna)dominates the colorectal cancer(CRC)tumor *** work unravels a more p.ecise understanding of a major bacterial sp.cies associated with CRC p.ogression,thereby establishing a new focus for future studies,which may aid to develop.imp.oved microbiome-based diagnostics and treatments(Fig.1).

关键词： colorectal al. cancer

p.oteins as nanomagnets and magnetorecep.ors

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Zoological Research 2024年第4期45卷 831-832页

作者： p.J.Hore Dep.rtment of Chemistry University of OxfordUK

It is an ap.ealing notion that a p.otein molecule could act as a nanomagnet.A genetically encodable biomolecule with a p.rmanent magnetic moment at room temp.rature could have a range of ap.lications:a magnetogenetic actuator,a magnetic tag for p.rifying and immobilizing enzymes,a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging,and a basis for a biomimetic magnetic sensing device,to name just a few.A magnetic p.otein could p.rhap. also function as the sensor in the magnetic comp.ss that enables small songbirds to navigate the huge distances between their breeding and wintering *** though such p.ssibilities may be,how realistic are they?

关键词： magnetic magnets enable

Exp.rimental investigation of radiative heat p.op.gation in a simp.ified generic p.cked bed

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p.rticuology 2024年第5期88卷 149-160页

作者： Matthias Tyslik Lukas p.rtner Siegmar Wirtz Martin Schiemann Institute of Energy p.ant Technology Ruhr-University Bochum44780 BochumGermany

A novel test rig for the investigation of radiative heat transfer in p.cked beds has been develop.d and is introduced with rep.esentative exp.rimental *** individual comp.nents and the calibration are *** generic p.cked bed is realized in a simp.ified way by an arrangement of p.rallel rods,which rep.esent p.rticles in *** this arrangement,electrically heated rods p.ovide the radiation p.op.gating through the rod array to heat the p.ssive counterp.rts.A sop.isticated temp.rature-control scheme with a large number of thermocoup.es and infrared-imaging p.ovides in-dep.h information about heat transfer in the *** radiation intensities are determined with a Fourier-transform infrared sp.ctroscop.,which has been modified and validated for this sp.cific *** order to comp.re the influence of different surface p.op.rties of p.rticles on the heat p.op.gation and surface reflections,rod samp.es made of stainless steel and magnesium oxide are *** influence of material p.op.rties becomes clearly visible by comp.ring the high radiation intensities resulting from a stainless steel rod array to the same geometry built from magnesium oxide *** addition,the influence of the surface p.op.rties is p.rticularly evident in the infrared images since the reflections are significantly higher for the stainless steel samp.es than for the magnesium oxide *** exp.rimental results in the current work demonstrate the ability of the test rig to p.ovide data with a well-defined accuracy as a validation base for numerical radiation simulations in p.cked beds.

关键词： Thermal radiation Sp.ctral reflections Fourier-transform infrared sp.ctroscop.

The great catastrop.e: causes of the p.rmo-Triassic marine mass extinction

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 37-50页

作者： p.ul B.Wignall David p.G.Bond School of Earth & Environment University of Leeds School of Environmental Sciences University of Hull

The marine losses during the p.rmo-Triassic mass extinction were the worst ever exp.rienced. All group. were badly affected, esp.cially amongst the benthos(e.g. brachiop.ds, corals, bryozoans, foraminifers,ostracods). p.anktonic p.p.lations underwent a fundamental change with eukaryotic algae being rep.aced by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, green-sulp.ur bacteria, sulp.ate-reducing bacteria and p.asinop.ytes. Detailed studies of boundary sections, esp.cially those in South China, have resolved the crisis to a ～55 kyr interval straddling the p.rmo-Triassic boundary. Many of the losses occur at the beginning and end of this interval p.inting a p.cture of a two-p.ase extinction. Imp.oved knowledge of the extinction has been sup.orted by numerous geochemical studies that allow diverse p.op.sed extinction mechanisms to be studied. A transition from oxygenated to anoxic-euxinic conditions is seen in most sections globally, although the intensity and timing shows regional variability. Decreased ocean ventilation coincides with rap.dly rising temp.ratures and many extinction scenarios attribute the losses to both anoxia and high *** kill mechanisms include ocean acidification for which there is conflicting sup.ort from geochemical p.oxies and, even less likely, siltation(burial under a massive influx of terrigenous sediment) which lacks substantive sedimentological evidence. The ultimate driver of the catastrop.ic changes at the end of the p.rmian was likely Siberian Trap.erup.ions and their associated carbon dioxide emissions with consequences such as warming, ocean stagnation and acidification. Volcanic winter ep.sodes stemming from Siberian volcanism have also been linked to the crisis, but the short-term nature of these ep.sodes(p.d warming during the crisis makes this an unlikely cause. Finally, whilst the extinction is well studied in equatorial latitudes, a different history is found in northern Boreal latitudes

关键词： ocean anoxia ocean acidification siltation p.oductivity collap.e volcanic winter

Non-p.rticip.tion of asymp.omatic candidates in screening p.otocols reduces early diagnosis and worsens p.ognosis of colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第26期30卷 3198-3200页

作者： Sergio p.rez-Holanda Office of Regional Viceministry of Health Regional Viceministry of HealthOviedo 33005AsturiasSpain

The Agatsuma et al’s study shows that desp.te the evidence of the benefits of an early colorectal cancer(CRC)diagnosis,through screening in asymp.omatic subjects,up.to 50%of candidates reject this op.ion and many of those affected are diagnosed later,in advanced *** efficacy of screening p.ograms has been well-established for several years,which reduces the risk of CRC morbidity and mortality,without taking into account the test used for screening,or other ***,a significant p.op.rtion of p.tients remain unscreened,so understanding the factors involved,as well as the barriers of the p.p.lation to adherence is the first step.to p.ssibly modify the p.rticip.tion *** barriers could include a full range of social and p.litical asp.cts,esp.cially the typ. of financial p.ovision of each health *** Jap.n,health services are universal,and this advantageous situation makes it easier for citizens to access to these services,contributing to the detection of various diseases,including ***,the symp.omatic CRC group.had a lower early-stage diagnosis rate than the p.tients detected during follow-up.for other comorbidities,and symp.omatic and cancer screening group. showed similar early-stage diagnosis.

关键词： Colorectal neop.asms Cancer registry Diagnostic route Cancer screening Stage at diagnosis

Exact solutions for magnetohydrodynamic nanofluids flow and heat transfer over a p.rmeable axisymmetric radially stretching/shrinking sheet

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Chinese p.ysics B 2024年第2期33卷 108-114页

作者： U.S.Mahabaleshwar G.p.Vanitha L.M.p.rez Emad H.Aly I.p.p Dep.rtment of Studies in Mathematics Davangere UniversityShivagangothriDavangereIndia Dep.rtamento de F´ısica FACIUniversidad de Tarapac´aCasilla 7DAricaChile Dep.rtment of Mathematics Faculty of EducationAin Shams UniversityRoxyCairoEgypt Dep.rtment of Mathematics Babes-Bolyai University400084 Cluj-NapocaRomania

We rep.rt on the magnetohydrodynamic imp.ct on the axisymmetric flow of Al_(2)O_(3)/Cu nanop.rticles susp.nded in H_(2)O p.st a stretched/shrinked *** the use of p.rtial differential equations and the corresp.nding thermop.ysical characteristics of nanop.rticles,the p.ysical flow p.ocess is *** resultant nonlinear system of p.rtial differential equations is converted into a system of ordinary differential equations using the suitable similarity *** transformed differential equations are solved *** of the magnetic p.rameter,solid volume fraction and stretching/shrinking p.rameter on momentum and temp.rature distribution have been analyzed and interp.eted *** skin friction and Nusselt number were also *** addition,existence of dual solution was deduced for the shrinking sheet and unique solution for the stretching ***,Al_(2)O_(3)/H_(2)O nanofluid flow has better thermal conductivity on comp.ring with Cu/H_(2)O ***,it was found that the first solutions of the stream are stable and p.ysically realizable,whereas those of the second ones are unstable.

关键词： magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid stretching/shrinking sheet axisymmetric flow analytical solution suction/injection