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Wafer-scale 3D shaping of high aspect ratio structures by multistep plasma etching and corner lithography

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 1176-1186页

作者： Shu Ni Erwin J.W.Berenschot Pieter J.Westerik Meint Jde Boer Rene Wolf Hai Le-The Han J.G.E.Gardeniers niels R.Tas Mesoscale Chemical System Group MESA+InstituteUniversity of Twente7522 NB EnschedeThe Netherlands Inorganic Materials Science Group MESA+InstituteUniversity of Twente7522 NB EnschedeThe Netherlands NanoLab Cleanroom MESA+InstituteUniversity of Twente7522 NB EnschedeThe Netherlands Physics of Fluids Group MESA+Institute&Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid DynamicsUniversity of Twente7522 NB EnschedeThe Netherlands BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group MESA+Institute&Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid DynamicsUniversity of Twente7522 NB EnschedeThe Netherlands

The current progress of system miniaturization relies extensively on the development of 3D machining techniques to increase the areal structure *** this work,a wafer-scale out-of-plane 3D silicon(Si)shaping technology is reported,which combines a multistep plasma etching process with corner *** multistep plasma etching procedure results in high aspect ratio structures with stacked semicircles etched deep into the sidewall and thereby introduces corners with a proper geometry for the subsequent corner *** to the geometrical contrast between the gaps and sidewall,residues are left only inside the gaps and form an inversion mask inside the *** this mask,octahedra and donuts can be etched in a repeated manner into Si over the full wafer area,which demonstrates the potential of this technology for constructing high-density 3D structures with good dimensional control in the bulk of Si wafers.

关键词： lithography high structures

The environmental threats from lead ammunition

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Eco-Environment & Health 2023年第1期2卷 16-17页

作者： Christian Sonne Su Shiung Lam niels Kanstrup Aarhus University Faculty of Technological SciencesDepartment of EcoscienceDK-4000 RoskildeDenmark Sustainability Cluster School of EngineeringUniversity of Petroleum&Energy StudiesDehradunUttarakhand 248007India Higher Institution Centre of Excellence(HICoE) Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries(AKUATROP)Universiti Malaysia Terengganu21030 Kuala NerusTerengganuMalaysia University Centre for Research and Development Department of ChemistryChandigarh UniversityGharuanMohaliPunjabIndia Department of Ecoscience Aarhus UniversityC.F.Møllers Alle 88000 Aarhus CDenmark

Lead(Pb)is an extremely toxic persistent element,considered a factor in the fall of the Roman Empire 2000 years ago due to its use in plumbing and as a wine sweetener[1].The effects of lead include adverse neurological effects,reproductive impairment,and anaemia[2].One continuing source of lead in the environment is lead ammunition,which presents health risks to consumers of game meat,including humans,predatory and scavenging birds,and other animals.

关键词： continuing birds sweet

Signaling transduction pathways involved in basophil adhesion and histamine release

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Chinese Medical Journal 2006年第2期119卷 122-130页

作者： SHA Quan Lars K. Poulsen Jens Gerwien nielsФdum Per Stahl Skov Allergy Unit National University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark Allergy and Immunology Research Center and Department of Medical Immunology Anhui Medical University Hefei 230032 China Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Reference Laboratory National University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark

Background Little is known about basophil with respect to the different signaling transduction pathways involved in spontaneous, cytokine or anti-IgE induced adhesion and how this compares to IgE-dependent and IgE-independent mediator secretion. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the roles of β1 and β2 integrins in basophil adhesion as well as hosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）, src-kinases and extracellular signal regulated kinase （ERK）1/2 in basophil adhesion and histamine release （HR）. Methods Basophils （purity of 10%-50%） were preincubated with anti-CD29 or anti-CD 18 blocking antibodies before used for adhesion study. Basophils were preincubated with the pharmacological inhibitors wortmannin, PP1, PD98059 before used for adhesion and HR study. Cell adherence to bovine serum albumin （BSA） or fibronectin （Fn） was monitored using cell associated histamine as a basophil marker and the histamine was measured by the glass fiber assay. Results Basophil spontaneous adhesion to Fn was inhibited by anti-CD29. Interleukin （IL）-3, granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor （GM-CSF） induced adhesion to BSA was inhibited by anti-CD18. Wortmannin at 1 μmol/L and PP1 at 20 μmol/L strongly interfered with, whereas PD98059 at 50μmol/L weakly inhibited basophil spontaneous adhesion to Fn. One μmol/L wortmannin strongly inhibited IL-3, IL-5, GM-CSF and anti-IgE induced adhesion to BSA. PP1 at 20 μmol/L partly inhibited anti-IgE induced adhesion. Fifty μmol/L PD98059 marginally inhibited IL-5, weakly inhibited anti-IgE, partly inhibited GM-CSF induced adhesion. Wortmannin, PP1 and PD98059 inhibited anti-IgE （1：100 or 1：1000） induced basophil HR in a dose dependent manner. They inhibited calcium ionophore A23187 （10 μmol/L, 5 μmol/L） induced basophil HR in a dose dependent manner, but to different extend with PP1 being the most efficient. Conclusions Basophil spontaneous adhesion to Fn is mediated by β 1-integrins whereas cytokine induced adhesion to BSA is m

关键词： basophil signaling transduction adhesion histamine release

Upper gastrointestinal sensory-motor dysfunction in diabetes mellitus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第18期12卷 2846-2857页

作者： Jingbo Zhao Jens Brφndum Frφkjaer Asbjφrn Mohr Drewes niels Ejskjaer Center of Excellence in Visceral Biomechanics and Pain Aalborg Hospital Sφndre Skovvej 15 DK-9000 Aalborg Denmark & Center for Sensory-Motor Interactions Department of Health Science Aalborg University Fredrik Bajers Vej 7 D-3 DK-9220 Aalborg Denmark Department of Medicine M (Diabetes & Endocrinology) Aarhus University Hospital Norrebrogade 44 DK 8000 Aarhus C Denmark

Gastrointestinal （GI） sensory-motor abnormalities are common in patients with diabetes mellitus and may involve any part of the GI tract. Abnormalities are frequently sub-clinical, and fortunately only rarely do severe and life-threatening problems occur. The pathogenesis of abnormal upper GI sensory-motor function in diabetes is incompletely understood and is most likely multi-factorial of origin. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy as well as acute suboptimal control of diabetes has been shown to impair GI motor and sensory function. Morphological and biomechanical remodeling of the GI wall develops during the duration of diabetes, and may contribute to motor and sensory dysfunction. In this review sensory and motility disorders of the upper GI tract in diabetes is discussed; and the morphological changes and biomechanical remodeling related to the sensory-motor dysfunction is also addressed.

关键词： Diabetes Esophagus Stomach Intestine Motility Pain Diabetic neuropathy Hyperglycemia Remodeling

Strategies for combating bacterial biofilm infections

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International Journal of Oral Science 2015年第1期7卷 1-7页

作者： Hong Wu Claus Moser Heng-Zhuang Wang niels Hφiby Zhi-Jun Song Department of Clinical Microbiology Rigshospitalet University Hospital of Copenhagen Department of International Health Immunology &Microbiology University of Copenhagen Department of Clinical Microbiology Slagelse Hospital

Formation of biofilm is a survival strategy for bacteria and fungi to adapt to their living environment, especially in the hostile environment. Under the protection of biofilm, microbial cells in biofilm become tolerant and resistant to antibiotics and the immune responses, which increases the difficulties for the clinical treatment of biofilm infections. Clinical and laboratory investigations demonstrated a perspicuous correlation between biofilm infection and medical foreign bodies or indwelling devices. Clinical observations and experimental studies indicated clearly that antibiotic treatment alone is in most cases insufficient to eradicate biofilm infections. Therefore, to effectively treat biofilm infections with currently available antibiotics and evaluate the outcomes become important and urgent for clinicians. The review summarizes the latest progress in treatment of clinical biofilm infections and scientific investigations, discusses the diagnosis and treatment of different biofilm infections and introduces the promising laboratory progress, which may contribute to prevention or cure of biofilm infections. We conclude that, an efficient treatment of biofilm infections needs a well-established multidisciplinary collaboration, which includes removal of the infected foreign bodies, selection of biofilm-active, sensitive and well-penetrating antibiotics, systemic or topical antibiotic administration in high dosage and combinations, and administration of anti-quorum sensing or biofilm dispersal agents.

关键词： antibiotic resistance antimicrobial treatments bacterial biofilm chronic infection

Shot-noise limited, supercontinuum-based optical coherence tomography

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第7期10卷 1372-1384页

作者： Shreesha Rao D.S. Mikkel Jensen Lars Grüner-nielsen Jesper Toft Olsen Peter Heiduschka Björn Kemper Jürgen Schnekenburger Martin Glud Mette Mogensen niels Møller Israelsen Ole Bang DTU Fotonik Dept.of Photonics EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkØrsteds Plads2800 Kongens LyngbyDenmark NKT Photonics A/S Blokken 843460 BirkerødDenmark Department of Ophthalmology University of Münster Medical CentreDomagkstr.15D-48149 MünsterGermany Biomedical Technology Center of the Medical Faculty University of MünsterMendelstr.17D-48149 MünsterGermany Department of Dermatology Bisbebjerg HospitalUniversity of CopenhagenBispebjerg Bakke 232400 Copenhagen NVDenmark

We present the first demonstration of shot-noise limited supercontinuum-based spectral domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)with an axial resolution of 5.9μm at a center wavelength of 1370 *** supercontinuumbased SD-OCT systems cannot be operated in the shot-noise limited detection regime because of severe pulse-topulse relative intensity noise of the supercontinuum *** overcome this disadvantage,we have developed a low-noise supercontinuum source based on an all-normal dispersion(ANDi)fiber,pumped by a femtosecond *** noise performance of our 90 MHz ANDi fiber-based supercontinuum source is compared to that of two commercial sources operating at 80 and 320 MHz repetition *** show that the low-noise of the ANDi fiber-based supercontinuum source improves the OCT images significantly in terms of both higher contrast,better sensitivity,and improved *** SD-OCT imaging of skin,retina,and multilayer stacks we conclude that supercontinuumbased SD-OCT can enter the domain of shot-noise limited detection.

关键词： fiber optical pumped

磷酸掺杂的聚苯并咪唑复合膜在高温质子交换膜燃料电池中的应用(英文)

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应用化学 2006年第7期23卷 697-703页

作者：何荣桓李庆峰 Bjerrum niels J 东北大学理学院化学系沈阳110004 Materials Science Group Department ofChemistryTechnical University ofDenmarkDK-2800 LyngbyDenmark

研制了聚苯并咪唑(PB I)的复合膜,复合膜中引入的组分包括无机质子导体磷酸氢锆(Zr(HPO4)***2O,ZrP)和聚砜(PSF),以及磺化的酸型聚砜(SPSF(H))。热失重分析表明,复合膜PB I/ZrP/PSF和PB I/SPSF(H)的热稳定性可分别达400和230℃。磷酸掺... 详细信息

研制了聚苯并咪唑(PB I)的复合膜,复合膜中引入的组分包括无机质子导体磷酸氢锆(Zr(HPO4)***2O,ZrP)和聚砜(PSF),以及磺化的酸型聚砜(SPSF(H))。热失重分析表明,复合膜PB I/ZrP/PSF和PB I/SPSF(H)的热稳定性可分别达400和230℃。磷酸掺杂的PB I复合膜在温度高达200℃的低湿度条件下,呈现出高质子电导率。以磷酸掺杂的PB I复合膜为电解质,在200℃常压不加湿的条件下,以氢气氧气为燃料气进行了单电池测试,其最大功率密度分别为0.34 W/cm2(PB I/ZrP/PSF(质量比80∶15∶5))和0.38 W/cm2(PB I/SPSF(0.43H))。

关键词：聚苯并咪唑复合膜电导率质子交换膜燃料电池

胡杨(Populus euphratica Oliv.)根繁殖特征

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生态学杂志 2007年第12期26卷 1937-1941页

作者：王永斌努尔巴依.阿布都沙力克 niels Thevs 新疆大学资源环境科学学院新疆维吾尔自治区绿洲生态重点实验室干旱半干旱区可持续发展国际研究中心乌鲁木齐830046 德国Greifswald大学植物学院 greifswald17489

以新疆塔里木河中游河岸北部河漫滩的胡杨幼林带为对象,从克隆生态学的角度,采用挖掘法、高压冲洗法及断根胁迫实验,研究了胡杨在资源异质环境中的风险分担、资源觅食与保持功能以及根源性克隆生长形态特征。结果表明:胡杨的地下根分枝... 详细信息

以新疆塔里木河中游河岸北部河漫滩的胡杨幼林带为对象,从克隆生态学的角度,采用挖掘法、高压冲洗法及断根胁迫实验,研究了胡杨在资源异质环境中的风险分担、资源觅食与保持功能以及根源性克隆生长形态特征。结果表明:胡杨的地下根分枝类型为单轴型,同一生长方向2水平根的夹角平均约为180°,水平根与垂直根的夹角为90°～100°,水平根和垂直根的空间构型近似T形;基株的胚根周长>分株的次根周长;水平根呈侧圆台形,胡杨的2水平根之间存在着养分的传递。

关键词：胡杨克隆生长觅食行为风险分摊

The terpene synthase(TPS)gene family in kiwifruit shows high functional redundancy and a subset of TPS likely fulfil overlapping functions in fruit flavour,floral bouquet and defence

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Molecular Horticulture 2023年第1期3卷 258-279页

作者： Wu Wang Mindy Y.Wang Yunliu Zeng Xiuyin Chen Xiaoyao Wang Anne M.Barrington Jianmin Tao Ross G.Atkinson niels J.Nieuwenhuizen The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd(PFR) Private Bag 92169AucklandNew Zealand Institute of Botany Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210014China Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology College of Horticulture and Forestry ScienceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070People’s Republic of China College of Horticulture Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

Volatile terpenes are important compounds that influence fruit flavour and aroma of *** in plants also impact on the floral bouquet and defence against pests and pathogens in leaves and *** better understand the overlapping roles that terpenes may fulfil in plants,a systematic gene,chemical and biochemical analysis of terpenes and terpene synthases(TPS)was undertaken in Red5 kiwifruit(Actinidia spp.).Analysis of the Red5 genome shows it contains only 22 TPS gene models,of which fifteen encode full-length *** TPS can account for the major terpene volatiles produced in different tissues of Red5 kiwifruit and in response to different *** small Red5 TPS family displays surprisingly high functional redundancy with five TPS producing linalool/*** of leaves and fruit with methyl jasmonate enhanced expression of a subset of defence-related TPS genes and stimulated the release of *** TPS genes were induced upon herbivory of leaves by the economically important insect pest Ctenopseustis obliquana(brown-headed leaf roller)and emission,but not accumulation,of(E)-and(Z)-nerolidol was strongly linked to *** results provide a framework to understand the overlapping biological and ecological roles of terpenes in Actinidia and other horticultural crops.

关键词： Actinidia Aroma Genome analysis Monoterpene Sesquiterpene Volatile