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Towards integrated surveillance-response systems for the prevention of future pandemics

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第5期9卷 87-92页

作者： jakob Zinsstag jürg Utzinger nicole Probst-Hensch Lv Shan Xiao-Nong Zhou Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute BaselSwitzerland University of Basel BaselSwitzerland National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention&Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical DiseasesShanghaiPeople's Republic of China School of Global Health Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research-Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiPeople's Republic of China

Most human pathogens originate from non-human hosts and certain pathogens persist in animal *** transmission of such pathogens to humans may lead to self-sustaining chains of *** pathogens represent the highest risk for future *** their prevention,the transmission over the species barrier—although rare—should,by all means,be *** the current COVID-19 pandemic,surprisingly though,most of the current research concentrates on the control by drugs and vaccines,while comparatively little scientific inquiry focuses on future *** in 2012,the World Bank recommended to engage in a systemic One Health approach for zoonoses control,considering integrated surveillance-response and control of human and animal diseases for primarily economic *** examples,like integrated West Nile virus surveillance in mosquitos,wild birds,horses and humans in Italy show evidence of financial savings from a closer cooperation of human and animal health *** a zoonotic origin can be ascertained for the COVID-19 pandemic,integrated wildlife,domestic animal and humans disease surveillance-response may contribute to prevent future *** conclusion,the earlier a zoonotic pathogen can be detected in the environment,in wildlife or in domestic animals;and the better human,animal and environmental surveillance communicate with each other to prevent an outbreak,the lower are the cumulative costs.

关键词： Integrated surveillance-response One health Pandemics Transdisciplinarity Zoonoses

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Eastern gray squirrels are consistent shoppers of seed traits:insights from discrete choice experiments

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第3期13卷 280-296页

作者： Mekala SUNDARAM Nathanael I.LICHTI nicole j.Olynk WIDMAR Robert K.SWIHART Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA Department of Agricultural Economics Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA

Seeds of many hardwood trees are dispersed by scatter-hoarding rodents,and this process is often mediated by the traits of *** numerous studies have linked seed traits to seed preference by rodents,little is known about how rodents forage for seeds when multiple desirable and undesirable seed traits are available ***,we adopt a novel method of designing choice experiments to study how eastern gray squirrels(Sciurus carolinensis)select for 6 traits(caloric value,protein content,tannin concentration,kernel mass,dormancy period and toughness of shell)among *** n=426 seed-pair presentations,we found that squirrels preferentially consumed seeds with short dormancy or tougher shells,and preferentially cached seeds with larger kernel mass,tougher shells and higher tannin *** incorporating random effects,we found that squirrels exhibited consistent preferences for seed traits,which is likely due to the fitness consequences associated with maintaining cached ***,we found that squirrels were willing to trade between multiple traits when caching seeds,which likely results in more seed species being cached in the ***,our approach allowed us to compute the relative values of different seed traits to squirrels,despite covariance among studied traits across seed *** addition,by investigating how squirrels trade among different seed traits,important insights can be gleaned into behavioral mechanisms underlying seed caching(and,thus,seed survival)dynamics as well as evolutionary strategies adopted by plants to attract seed *** describe how discrete choice experiments can be used to study resource selection in other ecological systems.

关键词： cached resources discrete choice experiment resource selection trade-offs trait-dependent

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Macular carotenoid supplementation improves disability glare performance and dynamics of photostress recovery

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Eye and Vision 2016年第1期3卷 231-238页

作者： james M.Stringham Kevin j.O’Brien nicole T.Stringham Nutritional Neuroscience Laboratory Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA Vision Sciences Laboratory Department of PsychologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program Biomedical Health Sciences InstituteUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA

Background:The so-called macular carotenoids(MC)lutein(L),zeaxanthin(Z),and meso-zeaxanthin(MZ)comprise the diet-derived macular pigment(MP).The purpose of this study was to determine effects of MC supplementation on the optical density of MP(MPOD),repeated-exposure photostress recovery(PSR),and disability glare(DG)***:This was a double-blind,placebo-controlled ***-nine young(mean age=21.7),healthy volunteers participated in this *** supplemented their daily diet with either 10 mg L+2 mg total Z(1 mg Z+1 mg MZ;n=24),20 mg L+4 mg total Z(2 mg Z+2 mg MZ;n=25),or placebo(n=10)for 12 *** primary outcome was a composite measure of visual performance in glare,defined by change in DG and *** outcomes included MPOD and visual *** primary endpoint for outcomes was 12 *** was assessed with customized heterochromatic flicker *** times for an 8 cycle/degree,15%contrast Gabor patch target were determined after each of five successive exposures to intense LED *** threshold was defined as the intensity of a ring of lights through which subjects were able to maintain visibility of the aforementioned *** of all parameters were conducted at baseline,6 months,and 12 ***-measures ANOVA,and Pearson product-moment correlations were used to determine statistically significant correlations,and changes within and between ***:MPOD for subjects in both supplementation groups increased significantly versus placebo at both 6-and 12-month visits(pjects’DG thresholds were significantly related to chang

关键词： Lutein Zeaxanthin Mesozeaxanthin Visual performance Photostress recovery Disability glare Macular pigment Visual cycle

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Ecosystem management in paludified boreal forests:enhancing wood production,biodiversity,and carbon sequestration at the landscape level

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Forest Ecosystems 2018年第4期5卷 376-389页

作者： Benoit Lafleur nicole j.Fenton Martin Simard Alain Leduc David Paré Osvaldo Valeria Yves Bergeron NSERC-UQAT-UQAM Industrial Chair in Sustainable Forest Management and Institut de recherche sur les forêts Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue445boul.de I'UniversiteRouyn-NorandaQC J9X 5E4Canada Department of Geography Laval UniversityQuebecQC GIV 0A6Canada Centre d'etude de la foret Universite du Quebec a Montreal141 Avenue du President-KennedyMontrealQC H2X IY4Canada Ressources Naturelles Canada Service canadien des forets Centre de foresterie des Laurentides1055du P.E P S.P.O.13ox 3800QuebecQC GIV 4C7Canada

Canada’s boreal forest represents an important contributor of the world’s wood supply industry. However,maintaining or increasing productivity of the boreal forest may be challenging in areas dominated by forested peatlands. Moreover, sustainable management of these forests must also consider other important aspects of the forest ecosystem such as biodiversity and carbon sequestration. To address these concerns, ecosystem-based management has been implemented in some Canadian jurisdictions, such as in regions where a large portion of the boreal forest is dominated by forested peatlands. The objectives of this paper are(1) to summarize our current understanding of how natural disturbances influence stand dynamics and biodiversity in forested peatlands, and(2) to review the main differences between natural and managed forest stands with respect to soil properties, stand productivity, understory plant communities. We also discuss how even-age management regime succeeds or fails to preserve old forests and how this loss affects both forest structure and habitat diversity at the landscape *** conclude by showing how, in boreal forested peatlands, forest management could contribute to carbon sequestration and mitigate projected climate change.

关键词： Clearcutting Fire Forest dynamics Partial cutting Soil properties Stand productivity Understory plant

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Does playing a sports active video game improve object control skills of children with autism spectrum disorder?

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第1期6卷 17-24,127页

作者： jacqueline Edwards Sarah jeffrey Tamara May nicole j.Rinehart Lisa M.Barnett School of Health and Social Development Faculty of HealthDeakin UniversityGeelongVIC 3125Australia Department of Paediatrics Faculty of MedicineDentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3052Australia School of Psychology Faculty of HealthDeakin UniversityGeelongVIC 3125Australia Murdoch Childrens Research Institute ParkvilleVIC 3052Australia

Background: Active video games(AVGs) encourage whole body movements to interact or control the gaming system, allowing the opportunity for skill development. Children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD) show decreased fundamental movement skills in comparison with their typically developing(TD) peers and might benefit from this approach. This pilot study investigates whether playing sports AVGs can increase the actual and perceived object control(OC) skills of 11 children with ASD aged 6–10 years in comparison to 19 TD children of a similar *** was a secondary ***: Actual(Test of Gross Motor Development) and perceived OC skills(Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence for Young Children) were assessed before and after the intervention(6 × 45 min).Results: Actual skill scores were not improved in either group. The ASD group improved in perceived skill. All children completed the required dose and parents reported the intervention was ***: The use of AVGs as a play-based intervention may not provide enough opportunity for children to perform the correct movement patterns to influence skill. However, play of such games may influence perceptions of skill ability in children with ASD, which could improve motivation to participate in physical activities.

关键词： Autism spectrum disorder Child Exergaming Fundamental movement skills Physical self-perception Xbox

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Effects of Resistant Starch on Symptoms,Fecal Markers,and Gut Microbiota in Parkinson’s Disease—The RESISTA-PD Trial

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2022年第2期20卷 274-287页

作者： Anouck Becker Georges Pierre Schmartz Laura Groger Nadja Grammes Valentina Galata Hannah Philippeit jacqueline Weiland nicole Ludwig Eckart Meese Sascha Tierling jorn Walter Andreas Schwiertz jorg Spiegel Gudrun Wagenpfeil Klaus Faßbender Andreas Keller Marcus M.Unger Department of Neurology Saarland UniversityD-66421 HomburgGermany Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics Saarland UniversityD-66123 SaarbruckenGermany Department of Human Genetics Saarland UniversityD-66421 HomburgGermany Department of Genetics/Epigenetics Saarland UniversityD-66123 SaarbruckenGermany Institute of Microecology D-35745 HerbornGermany Institute of Medical Biometry Epidemiology and Medical InformaticsSaarland UniversityD-66421 HomburgGermany Department of Neurology Stanford UniversityPalo AltoCA 94305USA

The composition of the gut microbiota is linked to multiple diseases,including Parkinson’s disease(PD).Abundance of bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)and fecal SCFA concentrations are reduced in *** exert various beneficial functions in *** the interventional,monocentric,open-label clinical trial “Effects of Resistant Starch on Bowel Habits,Short Chain Fatty Acids and Gut Microbiota in Parkinson’s Disease”(RESISTA-PD;ID:NCT02784145),we aimed at altering fecal SCFAs by an 8-week prebiotic intervention with resistant starch(RS).We enrolled 87 subjects in three study-arms:32 PD patients received RS(PD+RS),30 control subjects received RS,and 25 PD patients received solely dietary *** performed paired-end 100 bp length metagenomic sequencing of fecal samples using the BGISEQ platform at an average of 9.9 *** was *** the PD+RS group,fecal butyrate concentrations increased significantly,and fecal calprotectin concentrations dropped significantly after 8 weeks of RS ***,we observed a reduction in non-motor symptom load in the PD+RS *** reference-based analysis of metagenomes highlighted stable alpha-diversity and beta-diversity across the three groups,including bacteria producing ***-free analysis suggested punctual,yet pronounced differences in the metagenomic signature in the PD+RS ***-PD highlights that a prebiotic treatment with RS is safe and well-tolerated in *** stable alpha-diversity and beta-diversity alongside altered fecal butyrate and calprotectin concentrations call for long-term studies,also investigating whether RS is able to modify the clinical course of PD.

关键词： Parkinson’s disease Short-chain fatty acid Microbiota Metagenomics Intestinal inflammation

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Tunable photocycle kinetics of a hybrid bacteriorhodopsin/quantum dot system

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Nano Research 2019年第2期12卷 365-373页

作者： Terianna j. Wax jordan A. Greco Shutang Chen nicole L. Wagner jing Zhao Robert R. Birge 55 North Eagleville Rd Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269-3060 USA

The inclusion of inorganic nanoparticles in biological environments has led to the creation of hybrid nanosystems that are employed in a variety of applications. One such system includes quantum dots (QDs) coupled with the photoactive protein, bacteriorhodopsin (BR), which has been explored in developing enhanced photovoltaic devices. In this work, we have discovered that the kinetics of the BR photocycle can be manipulated using CdSe/CdS (core/shell) QDs. The photocycle lifetime of protein samples with varying QD amounts were monitored using time-resolved absorption spectroscopy. Concentration-dependent elongations of the bR and M state lifetimes were observed in the kinetic traces, thus suggesting that excitonic coupling occurs between BR and QDs. We propose that the pairing of BR with QDs has the potential to be utilized in protein-based computing applications, specifically for real-time holographic processors, which depend on the temporal dynamics of the bR and M photointermediates.

关键词： bacteriorhodopsin photocycle bionanotechnology photochromism quantum dot hybrid materials

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Transforming growth factor-β1 induces intestinal myofibroblast differentiation and modulates their migration

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第12期15卷 1431-1442页

作者： julia Brenmoehl Sandra nicole Miller Claudia Hofmann Daniela Vogl Werner Falk jrgen Schlmerich Gerhard Rogler Department of Internal Medicine Ⅰ University of Regensburg93055 Regensburg Germany Department of Internal Medicine Ⅱ University of Jena07747 Jena Germany Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity Hospital of Zurich8091 ZurichSwitzerland

AIM:To investigate the effects of transforming growth factorβ1(TGF-β1)on the differentiation of colonic lamina propria fibroblasts(CLPF)into myofibroblasts in vitro. METHODS:Primary CLPF cultures were incubated with TGF-β1 and analyzed for production ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),fibronectin(FN)and FN *** assays were performed in a modified 48-well Boyden *** of total and phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase(FAK)in CLPF were analyzed after induction of ***:Incubation of CLPF with TGF-β1 for 2 d did not changeα-SMA levels,while TGF-β1 treatment for 6 d significantly increasedα-SMA production. Short term incubation(6 h)with TGF-β1 enhanced CLPF migration,while long term treatment(6 d)of CLPF with TGF-β1 reduced migration to 15%-37% compared to untreated *** and FN isoform mRNA expression were increased after short term incubation with TGF-β1(2 d)in contrast to long term incubation with TGF-β1 for 6 *** induction of migration, TGF-β1-preincubated CLPF showed higher amounts of FN and its isoforms and lower levels of total and phosphorylated FAK than untreated cells. CONCLUSION:Long term incubation of CLPF with TGF-β1 induced differentiation into myofibroblasts with enhancedα-SMA,reduced migratory potential and FAK phosphorylation,and increased FN *** contrast,short term contact(6 h)of fibroblasts with TGF-β1 induced a dose-dependent increase of cell migration and FAK phosphorylation without induction ofα-SMA production.

关键词：转化生长因子细胞分化移民成纤维细胞生长因子平滑肌肌动蛋白 FAK磷酸化 Boyden小室肌纤维母细胞

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Advanced Robotics to Address the Translational Gap in Tendon Engineering

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Cyborg and Bionic Systems 2022年第1期2022卷 221-238页

作者： Iain L.Sander nicole Dvorak julie A.Stebbins Andrew j.Carr Pierre-Alexis Mouthuy Botnar Research Centre Nufield Department of OrthopaedicsRheumatologyand Musculoskeletal SciencesUniversity of OsfordWindmill RoadOxford 0X37LDUK Oxford Gait Laboratory Nfield Orthopaedic CentreTebbit CentreWindmill RoadOxford 0X37HEUK

Tendon disease is a significant and growing burden to healthcare *** strategy to address this challenge is tssueengineering.A widely held view in this feld is that mechanical stimulation provided to constructs should replicate themechanicaienvironment of native tissue as closely as *** review recent tendon tissue engineering studies inthisarticle and highlight limitations of conventional uniaxial tensile bioreactors used in current *** roboticplatforms such as musculoskeletal humanoid robots and soft robotic actuators are promising technologies which may helpaddress translational gaps in tendon tissue engineering We suggest the proposed benets of these technologies and identifyrecent studies which have worked to implement these technologies in tssue ***,key chalenges to addressinadapting these robotic technologies and proposed future research directions for tendon tssue engineering are discussed.

关键词： directions limitations Tendon

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Four new polyhydroxylated steroids from the South Sea sponge Plakortis sp.

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Chinese journal of Natural Medicines 2020年第11期18卷 844-849页

作者： WANG Kun-Ya LI Ping-Lin SUN jing-Fan de Voogd nicole j TANG Xu-Li LI Guo-Qiang Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs Chinese Ministry of EducationSchool of Medicine and PharmacyOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products National Laboratory of Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266235China National Museum of Natural History PO Box 95172300 RA Leidenthe Netherlands Collge of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ocean Universiy of ChinaQingdao 266100China

Four new polyhydroxylated steroids plaksterols A–D(1–4), together with two known related steroids ergost-7,9(11),22-trien-3β,5α,6α-triol(5) and ergosta-6β-methoxy-7,22-diene-3β,5α-diol(6), were isolated from methanol extract of the South China Sea marine sponge Plakortis sp. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis, including NMR, MS, and IR. The cytotoxicity of the polyhydroxylated steroids were evaluated, and compound 6 showed moderate inhibitory activities against K562, HL-60 and BEL-7402 cells.

关键词： Polyhydroxylated steroids Plakortis sp. Cytotoxic activity

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