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Diabetes and pulmonary infection:how hyperglycaemia shapes the immune system

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第4期9卷 1245-1246页

作者： Christian Herder Michael Roden nicolas Venteclef Institute for Clinical Diabetology German Diabetes CenterLeibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf40225DüsseldorfGermany German Center for Diabetes Research(DZD) Partner Düsseldorf85764München-NeuherbergGermany Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology Medical Faculty and University Hospital DüsseldorfHeinrich Heine University Düsseldorf40225DüsseldorfGermany Institut Necker-Enfants Malades(INEM) UniversitéParis CitéINSERM UMR-S1151CNRS UMR-S8253ParisFrance

In a recent study published in Nature,Nobs and colleagues aimed to identify novel mechanisms that may explain why diabetes is associated with an increased susceptibility to viral respiratory *** analyses revealed a central role of lung dendritic cells(DC)which exhibited several functional defects induced by hyperglycaemia and consequently result in impaired antiviral immune responses.

关键词： impaired lung respiratory

Transversal Instability for the Thermodiffusive Reaction-Diffusion System

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2015年第5期36卷 871-882页

作者： Michal KOWALCZYK Benoit PERTHAME nicolas VAUCHELET Departamento de Ingenieria Matematica and Centro de Modelamiento Matem'atico(UMI CNRS 2807) Universidad de Chile Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06UMR 7598Laboratoire Jacques-Louis LionsF-75005ParisFrance CNRS UMR 7598Laboratoire Jacques-Louis LionsF-75005ParisFrance INRIA-Paris-Rocquencourt EPC MAMBADomaine de VoluceauBP10578153 Le Chesnay CedexFrance

The propagation of unstable interfaces is at the origin of remarkable patterns that are observed in various areas of science as chemical reactions, phase transitions, and growth of bacterial colonies. Since a scalar equation generates usually stable waves, the simplest mathematical description relies on two-by-two reaction-diffusion systems. The authors' interest is the extension of the Fisher/KPP equation to a two-species reaction which represents reactant concentration and temperature when used for flame propagation,and bacterial population and nutrient concentration when used in *** authors study circumstances in which instabilities can occur and in particular the effect of dimension. It is observed numerically that spherical waves can be unstable depending on the coefficients. A simpler mathematical framework is to study transversal instability, which means a one-dimensional wave propagating in two space ***, explicit analytical formulas give explicitely the range of paramaters for instability.

关键词： Traveling waves Stability analysis Reaction-diffusion equation Thermodiffusive system

An Immersed Method Based on Cut-Cells for the Simulation of 2D Incompressible Fluid Flows Past Solid Structures

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2019年第4期119卷 165-184页

作者： Francois Bouchon Thierry Dubois nicolas James Université Clermont Auvergne CNRSLMBPF-63000 CLERMONT-FERRANDFrance Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications UMR 7348 Universitéde PoitiersTéléport 2-B.P.30179Boulevard Marie et Pierre Curie86962 Futuroscope Chasseneuil CedexFrance

We present a cut-cell method for the simulation of 2D incompressible flows past *** consists in using the MAC scheme on cartesian grids and imposing Dirchlet boundary conditions for the velocity field on the boundary of solid structures following the Shortley-Weller *** order to ensure local conservation properties,viscous and convecting terms are discretized in a finite volume *** scheme is second order implicit in time for the linear part,the linear systems are solved by the use of the capacitance matrix method for non-moving *** results of flows around an impulsively started circular cylinder are presented which confirm the efficiency of the method,for Reynolds numbers 1000 and *** example of flows around a moving rigid body at Reynolds number 800 is also shown,a solver using the PETSc-Library has been prefered in this context to solve the linear systems.

关键词： Immersed boundary methods cutt-cell methods incompressible viscous flows

A Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method for vertical axis turbine design and assessment

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2024年第5期36卷 991-1007页

作者： nicolas Hanousek Bikash Ranabhat Aaron English Reza Ahmadian Hydro-environmental Research Centre School of EngineeringCardiff UniversityCardiffUK Department of Engineering and Architecture University of ParmaParmaItaly

With the global demand for more electricity,and for that electricity to be produced using low-carbon generation,a turbine was designed to extract energy from underutilised *** mechanism by which the turbine operates makes it highly demanding to represent using mesh-based numerical schemes,resulting in a need to investigate alternative *** Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics(SPH)software,DualSPHysics,utilising the Chrono solid body solver,was used to represent the turbine as a free body in a 2-D environment allowing for evaluation of the free-spin velocity to be *** aim of this being to ascertain the applicability of SPH to the modelling of vertical axis turbines with multiple moving parts,and also develop an understanding of the design *** model was found to compare favourably with lab results,showing that a vertical axis turbine may be represented in this *** resilience of the device,a design driver and previously untested mode,was assessed by considering post-damage *** this,future flume study and parallel numerical modelling can guide this or other vertical axis turbines towards improved performance.

关键词： Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics(SPH) DualSPHysics vertical-axis turbine hydrokinetic energy renewable energy

Multilayer optics for the EUV and soft X-rays

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光学精密工程 2005年第4期13卷 421-429页

作者： Torsten Feigl Sergiy Yulin nicolas Benoit Norbert Kaiser Fraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7 D-07745 Jena GermanyFraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7 D-07745 Jena GermanyFraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7 D-07745 Jena GermanyFraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7 D-07745 Jena Germany

The demand to enhance the optical resolution, to structure and observe ever smaller details, has pushed the way towards the EUV and soft X-rays. Induced mainly by the production of more powerful electronic circuits with the aid of projection lithography, optics developments in recent years can be characterized by the use of electromagnetic radiation with smaller wavelength. The good prospects of the EUV and soft X-rays for next generation lithography systems (λ=13.5 nm), microscopy in the “water window” (λ=2.3～4.4 nm), astronomy (λ=5～31 nm), spectroscopy, plasma diagnostics and EUV/soft X-ray laser research have led to considerable progress in the development of different multilayer optics. Since optical systems in the EUV/soft X-ray spectral region consist of several mirror elements a maximum reflectivity of each multilayer is essential for a high throughput. This paper covers recent results of the enhanced spectral behavior of Mo/Si, Cr/Sc and Sc/Si multilayer optics.

关键词： EUV X射线多层膜光学涂覆技术 Mo/Si Cr/Sc Sc/Si 光电子技术

Classification of different sustainable flood retention basin types

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第6期22卷 898-903页

作者： Michelle Robinson Miklas Scholz nicolas Bastien Jennifer Carfrae Scottish Agricultural College Peter Wilson Building Institute for Infrastructure and Environment School of EngineeringThe University of EdinburghWilliam Rankine Building School of Built Environment Heriot-Watt University

Using a revised version of a previously published expert classification system, a database of potential Sustainable Flood Retention Basins has been developed for Scotland. The research shows that the majority of small and former （often old） drinking water reservoirs are kept full and their spillways are continuously in operation. Utilising some of the available capacity to contribute to flood control could significantly reduce the costs of complying with the European Union Flood Directive. Furthermore, the application of a previously developed classification model for Baden in Germany for the Scottish data set showed a lower diversity for basins in Scotland due to less developed infrastructure. The classification system appears to be robust and has the potential, with minor modifications, to be applied across Europe. The principle value of this approach is a clear and unambiguous categorisation, based on standard variables, which can help to promote communication and understanding between stakeholders.

关键词： classification system diffuse pollution control principal component analysis runoff control sustainable flood retention basin

numerical modeling and parametric sensitivity analysis of heat transfer and two-phase oil and water flow characteristics in horizontal and inclined flowlines using OpenFOAM

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Petroleum Science 2023年第2期20卷 1183-1199页

作者： Nsidibe Sunday Abdelhakim Settar Khaled Chetehouna nicolas Gascoin INSA Centre Val de Loire UniversitéOrléansPRISME EA 4229F-18020BourgesFrance

Estimating the oil-water temperatures in flowlines is challenging especially in deepwater and ultra-deepwater offshore applications where issues of flow assurance and dramatic heat transfer are likely to occur due to the temperature difference between the fluids and the surroundings. Heat transfer analysis is very important for the prediction and prevention of deposits in oil and water flowlines, which could impede the flow and give rise to huge financial losses. Therefore, a 3D mathematical model of oil-water Newtonian flow under non-isothermal conditions is established to explore the complex mechanisms of the two-phase oil-water transportation and heat transfer in different flowline inclinations. In this work, a non-isothermal two-phase flow model is first modified and then implemented in the InterFoam solver by introducing the energy equation using OpenFOAM® code. The Low Reynolds number (LRN) k-ε turbulence model is utilized to resolve the turbulence phenomena within the oil and water mixtures. The flow patterns and the local heat transfer coefficients (HTC) for two-phase oil-water flow at different flowlines inclinations (0°, +4°, +7°) are validated by the experimental literature results and the relative errors are also compared. Global sensitivity analysis is then conducted to determine the effect of the different parameters on the performance of the produced two-phase hydrocarbon systems for effective subsea fluid transportation. Thereafter, HTC and flow patterns for oil-water flows at downward inclinations of 4°, and 7° can be predicted by the models. The velocity distribution, pressure gradient, liquid holdup, and temperature variation at the flowline cross-sections are simulated and analyzed in detail. Consequently, the numerical model can be generally applied to compute the global properties of the fluid and other operating parameters that are beneficial in the management of two-phase oil-water transportation.

关键词： Flow assurance Flow pattern Heat transfer Flowlines Two-phase flow Global sensitivity analysis

The roles of MXenes in developing advanced lithium metal anodes

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第6期31卷 132-149,I0005页

作者： nicolas Lucero Dayannara Vilcarino Dibakar Datta Meng-Qiang Zhao Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Newark College of EngineeringNew Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNJ 07103USA Jose Marti Stem Academy Union CityNJ 07087USA Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Newark College of EngineeringNew Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNJ 07103USA

Lithium(Li) metal has emerged as the most promising anode for rechargeable Li batteries owing to its high theoretical specific capacities, low negative electrochemical potential, and superior electrical conductivity. Replacing the conventional graphite anodes with Li metal anodes(LMAs) provides great potential to exceed the theoretical limitations of current commercial Li-ion batteries, leading to nextgeneration high-energy–density rechargeable Li metal batteries(LMBs). However, further development of LMAs is hindered by several inherent issues, such as dangerous dendrite growth, infinite volume change, low Coulombic efficiency, and interfacial side reactions. MXenes, a family of two-dimensional(2 D) transition metal carbides and/or nitrides, have recently attracted much attention to address these issues due to their 2D structure, lithiophilic surface terminations, excellent electrical and ionic conductivity, and superior mechanical properties. Herein, an overview of recent advances in the roles of MXenes for stabilizing LMAs is presented. In particular, strategies of utilizing MXenes as the Li hosts, artificial protection layers, electrolyte additives, and for separator modifications to develop stable and dendrite-free LMAs are discussed. Moreover, a perspective on the current challenges and potential outlooks on MXenes for advanced LMAs is provided.

关键词： MXenes 2D materials Lithium dendrites Lithium metal anodes Stability

Acute kidney injury in patients with chronic liver disease

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第7期7卷 993-1000页

作者： nicolas Rognant Nephrology Department Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud

Acute kidney injury(AKI) is a frequent clinical event in patients with liver disease, compounding their prognosis. Furthermore, it is likely that the occurrence of AKI has a detrimental impact on the subsequent renal function and the long-term survival of these patients. Recently, some authors advocated the use of new diagnostic criteria for detecting acute kidney injury in patients with cirrhosis. These criteria are based on the rapidity and extent of the creatinine increase comparing to the basal creatinine and also on the kinetics of diuresis decrease. Although their validity in this population requires further studies to be clearly established, these new criteria could have two advantages:(1) to allow earlier diagnosis of AKI and, thus, hepatorenal syndromefor which earlier intervention could improve patients' survival; and(2) to promote more intensive monitoring of renal function in these patients with high risk of AKI. Finally, recent practice guidelines about the prevention and treatment of general AKI have been published which should be useful in optimising the management of AKI in cirrhotic patients.

关键词： Acute kidney injury Cirrhosis Hepatorenalsyndrome Serum creatinine RIFLE/AKIN classification