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Robust and high-sensitivity thermal probing at the nanoscale based on resonance Raman ratio (R3)

International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2022年第3期4卷 150-161页

作者： Hamidreza Zobeiri nicholas Hunter Shen Xu Yangsu Xie Xinwei Wang department of Mechanical Engineering Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011United States of America School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science333 Longteng RoadShanghai 201620People’s Republic of China College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdong 518055People’s Republic of China

Raman spectroscopy-based temperature sensing usually tracks the change of Raman wavenumber,linewidth and intensity,and has found very broad applications in characterizing the energy and charge transport in nanomaterials over the last *** temperature coefficients of these Raman properties are highly material-dependent,and are subjected to local optical scattering *** a result,Raman-based temperature sensing usually suffers quite large uncertainties and has low ***,a novel method based on dual resonance Raman phenomenon is developed to precisely measure the absolute temperature rise of nanomaterial(nm WS_(2) film in this work)from 170 to 470 K.A 532 nm laser(2.33 eV photon energy)is used to conduct the Raman *** photon energy is very close to the excitonic transition energy of WS_(2) at temperatures close to room temperature.A parameter,termed resonance Raman ratio(R3)Ω=I_(A1g)/IE_(2g) is introduced to combine the temperature effects on resonance Raman scattering for the A_(1g) and E_(2g) modes.Ω has a change of more than two orders of magnitude from 177 to 477 K,and such change is independent of film thickness and local optical *** is shown that when Ω is varied by 1%,the temperature probing sensitivity is 0.42 K and 1.16 K at low and high temperatures,*** on Ω,the in-plane thermal conductivity(k)of a∼25 nm-thick suspended WS_(2) film is measured using our energy transport state-resolved Raman(ET-Raman).k is found decreasing from 50.0 to 20.0 Wm^(−1) K^(−1) when temperature increases from 170 to 470 *** agrees with previous experimental and theoretical results and the measurement data using our *** R3 technique provides a very robust and high-sensitivity method for temperature probing of nanomaterials and will have broad applications in nanoscale thermal transport characterization,non-destructive evaluation,and manufacturing monitoring.

关键词： resonant Raman scattering two-dimensional(2d)materials Raman intensity ratio ET-Raman thermal conductivity

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Predicting phosphorus sorption isotherm parameters in soil using data of routine laboratory tests

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Pedosphere 2021年第5期31卷 694-704页

作者： Kathleen S.dUNNE nicholas M.HOLdEN Karen dALY Teagasc Johnstown CastleEnvironmental Research CentreCo.Wexford Y35TC97(Ireland) UCd School of Biosystems and Food Engineering University College DublinBelfieldDublin 4 D04VIW8(Ireland)

Knowledge of phosphorus(P)sorption dynamics across different soil types could direct agronomic and environmental management of *** objective of this study was to predict P isotherm parameters for a national soil population using data of routine laboratory *** and Freundlich sorption parameters were calculated from two different ranges(0-25 and 0-50 mg P L^(-1))using an archive of representative agricultural soil types from *** linear regression(MLR)identified labile forms of aluminium(Al)and iron(Fe),organic matter(OM),cation exchange capacity(CEC),and clay as significant *** and Freundlich sorption capacities,Freundlich affinity constant,and Langmuir buffer capacity were predicted reliably,with R^(2) of independent validation>*** isotherm parameters were predicted from P sorbed at a single concentration of 50 mg P L^(-1)(S_(50)).An MLR prediction of P sorption maximum in the 0-50 mg P L-1 range was achieved,to an accurate standard,using S_(50),OM,and Mehlich-3 Fe(R^(2) of independent calibration and validation being 0.91 and 0.95,respectively).Using Giles’four shapes of isotherms(C,L,H,and S),L non-strict-and C-shaped isotherm curves accounted for 64% and 27% of the soils,*** clustering identified a separation of isotherm curves influenced by two ranges of Mehlich-3 *** with a low range of Mehlich-3 Al(2.5-698 mg kg^(-1))had no incidence of rapid sorption(C shape).Single point indices,Al,or available soil data make the regression approach a feasible way of predicting Langmuir parameters that could be included with standard agronomic soil P testing.

关键词： available phosphorus binding fertilizer soil test sorption maximum

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Perturbation finite element solution for chemo-elastic boundary value problems under chemical equilibrium

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2019年第5期35卷 981-991页

作者： Peter L.Bishay Jan Sladek nicholas Fabry Vladimir Sladek Chuanzeng Zhang College of Engineering and Computer Science California State UniversityNorthridgeCAUSA Institute of Construction and Architecture Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovakia department of Civil Engineering University of Siegen57068 SiegenGermany

Modeling the elastic behavior of solids in energy conversion and storage devices such as fuel cells and lithium-ion batteries is usually difficult because of the nonlinear characteristics and the coupled chemo-mechanical behavior of these *** this work,a perturbation finite element(FE)formulation is developed to analyze chemo-elastic boundary value problems(BVPs)under chemical *** perturbation method is applied to the FE equations because of the nonlinearity in the chemical potential expression as a function of solute *** compositional expansion coefficient is used as the perturbation *** the perturbation expansion,a system of partial differential equations for the displacement and dimensionless solute concentration functions is obtained and solved in consecutive *** presence of a numerical solution enables modeling 3d chemo-elastic solids,such as battery electrodes or ionic gels,of any geometric shape with defects of different *** proposed method is tested in several numerical examples such as plates with circular or elliptical holes,and *** numerical examples showed how the shape of the defect can change the distribution of solute concentration around the *** in chemo-elastic solids create sharp peaks in solute concentration around crack tips,and the intensity of these peaks increases as the far field solute concentration decreases.

关键词： Chemical potential Solute concentration Compositional expansion coefficient 2d stationary problem

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Plasticity in the antipredator behavior of the orange-footed sea cucumber under shifting hydrodynamic forces

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Current Zoology 2019年第6期65卷 685-695页

作者： nicholas A.W.BROWN david R.WILSON Patrick GAGNON department of Ocean Sciences Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt.John'sNewfoundlandA1C 5S7Canada department of Psychology Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt.John'sNewfoundlandA1B 3X9Canada

Marine invertebrates that move too slowly to evade unfavorable environmental change may instead exhibit phenotypic plasticity,allowing them to adjust to varying *** orange-footed sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa is a slow-moving suspension feeder that is preyed on by the purple sunstar Solaster *** sea cucumber's antipredator behavior involves changing shape and detaching from the substratum,which might increase its probability of being displaced by water motion into an unsuitable *** hypothesized that sea cucumbers'antipredator responses would be diminished under stronger hydrodynamic forces,and that behavioral strategies would be flexible so that individuals could adjust to frequent changes in water *** a natural orange-footed sea cucumber habitat,individuals lived along a pronounced hydrodynamic gradient,allowing us to measure antipredator behavior under different water flow *** placed purple sunstars in physical contact with sea cucumbers living at various points along the gradient to elicit antipredator *** then repeated this procedure in a laboratory mesocosm that generated weak and strong hydrodynamic forces similar to those observed at the field *** in the mesocosm experiment were tested in both wave conditions to determine if their antipredator behavior would change in response to sudden environmental change,as would be experienced under deteriorating sea *** responses did not covary with hydrodynamic forces in the ***,antipredator responses in the mesocosm experiment increased when individuals were transplanted from strong to weak forces and decreased when transplanted from weak to strong ***,our results indicate environmentally induced plasticity in the antipredator behavior of the orange-footed sea cucumber.

关键词： behavioral plasticity benthic invertebrate predator-prey interaction reciprocal transplant experiment Solaster endeca.wave environment

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A polarizing situation： Taking an in-plane perspective for next-generation near-field studies

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Frontiers of physics 2016年第2期11卷 1-17页

作者： P. James Schuck Wel Bao nicholas J. Borys Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Berkeley CA 94720-1760 USA

By enabling the probing of light-matter interactions at the functionally relevant length scales of most materials, near-field optical imaging and spectroscopy accesses information that is unobtainable with other methods. The advent of apertureless techniques, which exploit the ultralocalized and enhanced near-fields created by sharp metallic tips or plasmonic nanoparticles, has resulted in rapid adoption of near-field approaches for studying novel materials and phenomena, with spatial resolution approaching sub-molecular levels. However, these approaches are generally limited by the dominant out-of-plane polarization response of apertureless tips, restricting the exploration and discovery of many material properties. This has led to recent design and fabrication breakthroughs in near-field tips engineered specifically for enhancing in-plane interactions with near-field light components. This mini-review provides a perspective on recent progress and emerging directions aimed at utilizing and controlling in-plane optical polarization, highlighting key application spaces where in-plane near-field tip responses have enabled recent advancements in the understanding and development of new nanostructured materials and devices.

关键词： near-field optical microscopy nano-optics TERS plasmonics optical antenna 2d materials

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Travellers:design Collaboration and digital Media

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2008年第S1期13卷 234-240页

作者： J. Bahoric P. nicholas G. Ormston Arup Pty Ltd Spatial Information Architecture Laboratory RMIT University Melbourne 3000 Australia City of Melbourne

This paper examines the use of 3d electronic medium as a tool for procuring detailed design information for the Sandridge Bridge Travellers project. The Sandridge Bridge Travellers project required the production of 10 7.5 m of tall × 5 ― 12 m of wide figures under very tight programme and budget constraints. This was achieved through a synthesis of art and engineering, whereby structure and sculpture become one and the same. Traditional procurement routes would have entailed the production and interpretation of drawings and design details at all discipline interfaces before fabrication; an approach that was unfeasible given the constraints. Instead, The Travellers project saw a single electronic file pass backwards and forwards from client to architect, engineer, and fabricator, with information from the initial artistic concept work phases through to analysis, design, member scheduling and fabrication all integrated and facilitated by a single electronic medium. Key to the delivery was the use of 3d modeling and scripting programs that enabled the efficient use and development of design information through all stages of the design process. This enabled total integration of all trades requiring a collaborative approach where each party maintained joint ownership of the 3d design information from inception to conception.

关键词： Sandridge Bridge Travellers sculpture 3-d modeling collaborative approach 3-d electronic medium AutoCAd R2004TM RhinoTM formats spline rationalization

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Thermal hypersensitivity in a subset of irritable bowel syndrome patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第26期15卷 3254-3260页

作者： QiQi Zhou Roger B Fillingim Joseph L Riley Ⅲ G nicholas Verne department of Medicine OhioState University Columbus Ohio 43210 United States College of dentistry University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32610 United States North Florida/South Georgia Veteran Health System Gainesville Florida 32610 United States Research Service Cincinnati VAMCCincinnati Ohio 45220 United States

AIM： To characterize thermal hypersensitivity in patients with constipation- and diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome （IBS）. METHOdS： Thermal pain sensitivity was tested among patients with diarrhea-predominant IBS （d-IBS） and constipation-predominant IBS （C-IBS） compared to healthy subjects. A total of 42 patients （29 female and 13 male; mean age 27.0 ＋ 6.4 years） with d-IBS; 24 patients （16 female and eight male; mean age 32.5 ：1：8.8 years） with C-IBS; and 52 control subjects （34 female and 18 male; mean age 27.3 ± 8.0 years） participated in the study. Thermal stimuli were delivered using a Medoc Thermal Sensory Analyzer with a 3 cm × 3 cm surface area. Heat pain threshold （HPTh） and heat pain tolerance （HPTo） were assessed on the left ventral forearm and left calf using an ascending method of limits. The Functional Bowel disease Severity Index （FBdSI） was also obtained for all subjects. RESULTS： Controls were less sensitive than C-IBS and d-IBS （both at P 〈 0.001） with no differences between C-IBS and d-IBS for HPTh and HPTo. Thermal hyperalgesia was present in both groups of IBS patients relative to controls, with IBS patients reporting significantly lower pain threshold and pain tolerance at both test sites. Cluster analysis revealed the presence of subgroups of IBS patients based on thermal hyperalgesia. One cluster （17% of the sample） showed a profile of heat pain sensitivity very similar to that of healthy controls; a second cluster （47% of the sample） showed moderate heat pain sensitivity; and a third cluster （36% of the sample） showed a very high degree of thermal hyperalgesia. CONCLUSION： A subset of IBS patients had thermal hypersensitivity compared to controls, who reported significantly lower HPTh and HPTo. All IBS patients had a higher score on the FBdSI than controls. Interestingly, the subset of IBS patients with high thermal sensitivity （36%） had the highest FBdSI score compared to the other two groups of IBS patients.

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome Visceral pain thermal hypersensitivity Heat pain threshold Heat pain tolerance

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Clinical outcomes for men with positive surgical margins after radical prostatectomy—results from the South Australian Prostate Cancer Clinical Outcomes Collaborative community-based registry

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Asian Journal of Urology 2023年第4期10卷 502-511页

作者： Kerri R.Beckmann Michael E.O'Callaghan Andrew d.Vincent Kim L.Moretti nicholas R.Brook Cancer Epidemiology and Population Health Research University of South AustraliaAdelaideAustralia Translational Oncology and Urology Research Division of Pharmaceutical and Cancer StudiesKings College LondonLondonUK South Australian Prostate Cancer Clinical Outcomes Collaborative Flinders Medical CentreAdelaideAustralia The Freemason's Foundation Centre for Men's Health Adelaide Medical SchoolUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia discipline of Surgery University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia department of Urology Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaideAustralia

Objective Positive surgical margins(PSMs)after radical prostatectomy(RP)indicate failure of surgery to completely clear *** confer an increased risk of biochemical recurrence(BCR),but how more robust outcomes are affected is *** study investigated factors associated with PSMs following RP and determined their impact on clinical outcomes(BCR,second treatment[radiotherapy and/or androgen deprivation therapy],and prostate cancer-specific mortality[PCSM]).Methods The study cohort included men diagnosed with prostate cancer(pT2-3b/N0/M0)between January 1998 and June 2016 who underwent RP from the South Australian Prostate Cancer Clinical Outcomes Collaborative *** associated with risk of PSMs were identified using Poisson *** impact of PSMs on clinical outcomes(BCR,second treatment,and PCSM)was assessed using competing risk *** Of the 2827 eligible participants,28%had PSMs—10%apical,6%bladder neck,17%posterolateral,and 5%at multiple *** follow-up was 9.6 years with 81 deaths from prostate cancer *** of PSM increased with higher pathological grade and pathological tumor stage,and greater tumour volume,but decreased with increasing surgeon volume(odds ratio[OR]:0.93;95%confidence interval[CI]:0.88-0.98,per 100 previous prostatectomies).PSMs were associated with increased risk of BCR(adjusted sub-distribution hazard ratio[sHR]2.5;95%CI 2.1-3.1)and second treatment(sHR 2.9;95%CI 2.4-3.5).Risk of BCR was increased similarly for each PSM location,but was higher for multiple margin *** found no association between PSMs and *** Our findings support previous research suggesting that PSMs are not independently associated with PCSM despite strong association with *** PSM rates remains an important objective,given the higher likelihood of secondary treatment with associated comorbidities.

关键词： Prostate cancer Positive surgical margin Biochemical recurrence Radical

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defining response to radiotherapy in rectal cancer using magnetic resonance imaging and histopathological scales

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第37期22卷 8414-8434页

作者： Muhammed RS Siddiqui Jemma Bhoday nicholas J Battersby Manish Chand nicholas P West Al-Mutaz Abulafi Paris P Tekkis Gina Brown department of Colorectal Surgery Croydon University Hospital Croydon London CR7 7YE United Kingdom department of Radiology Royal Marsden Hospital Sutton SM2 5PT United Kingdom Pathology and Tumour Biology Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology St. James's University Hospital Leeds LS9 7TF United Kingdom department of Surgery Royal Marsden Hospital Fulham Rd London SM2 5PT United Kingdom

AIM To define good and poor regression using pathology and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) regression scales after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for rectal *** A systematic review was performed on all studies up to december 2015, without language restriction, t h a t w e r e i d e n t i f i e d f r o m M E d L I N E, C o c h r a n e Controlled Trials Register(1960-2015), and EMBASE(1991-2015). Searches were performed of article bibliographies and conference abstracts. MeS H and text words used included "tumour regression", "mr TRG", "poor response" and "colorectal cancers". Clinical studies using either MRI or histopathological tumour regression grade(TRG) scales to define good and poor responders were included in relation to outcomes [local recurrence(LR), distant recurrence(dR), disease-free survival(dFS), and overall survival(OS)]. There was no age restriction or stage of cancer restriction for patient inclusion. data were extracted by two authors working independently and using pre-defined outcome *** Quantitative data(prevalence) were extracted and analysed according to meta-analytical techniques using comprehensive meta-analysis. Qualitative data(LR, dR, dFS and OS) were presented as ranges. The overall proportion of poor responders after neo-adjuvant chemoradiotherapy(CRT) was 37.7%(95%CI: 30.1-45.8). There were 19 different reported histopathological scales and one MRI regression scale(mrT RG). Clinical studies used nine and six histopathological scales for poor and good responders, respectively. All studies using MRI to define good and poor response used one scale. The most common histopathological definition for good response was the Mandard grades 1 and 2 or dworak grades 3 and 4; Mandard 3, 4 and 5 and dworak 0, 1 and 2 were used for poor response. For histopathological grades, the 5-year outcomes for poor responders were LR 3.4%-4.3%, dR 14.3%-20.3%, dFS 61.7%-68.1% and OS 60.7-69.1. Good pathological response 5-year outcomes were LR

关键词： Tumour regression mrT RG Poor response Neo-adjuvant therapy Rectal cancer

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SdS-PAGE analysis of whole cell protein and outer memrbane protein patterns of clinical isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2009年第5期2卷 14-19页

作者： Aoichart Nontprasert Cheeraratana Cheeramakara Sasithon Pukrittayakamee david AB dance Ty L Pitt Michael d Smith Sirivan Vanijanonta nicholas J White Faculty of Tropical Medicine Mahidol UniversityBangkokThailand Health Protection Agency South West Tamar Science ParkDevonUnited Kingdom Public Health Laboratory Service Central Public Health LaboratoryDivision of Hospital InfectionLondonUnited Kingdom Nuffield department of Medicine John Radcliffe HospitalOxford UniversityUnited Kingdom

Objective:To investigate the banding patterns of whole cell protein(WCP) and outer membrane protein (OMP) of Burkholderia pseudomallei(***) in clinical isolates from patients with melioidosis. Methods:WCP and OMP of of *** in 50 clinical isolates,from 47 patients with melioidosis were prepared and separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SdS-PAGE) using 10%gels and stained with Coomassie brilliant *** banding patterns were compared by using a laser densitometer and dendrogram. Results:There were 6 different banding patterns of WCP and 2 types of *** 1 -5 WCP had 8 common protein bands at 19.0 - 45.0 kda with identical OMP *** banding patterns of WCP in type 6 were distinct from the others and also its OMP *** majority of clinical isolates(37/50,74%) were in type 1 *** the remaining isolates,8 were in type 2,2 in type 3,and one each was in type 4 to *** was no significant association between the WCP typing and the demographic or clinical features of the investigated ***:despite the wide variation of clinical features of melioidosis,the results of this study show that *** had a few differences in the WCP and OMP *** typing of WCP and OMP,using SdS-PAGE analysis,could be an alternative method for phenotypic differentiation in clinical isolates of ***.

关键词： SdS-PAGE Burkholderia pseudomallei Whole cell protein Outer membrane protein Melioidosis

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