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Farmers’ Knowledge and Perceptions of the Effects of Climate Variability and Pollution on Crop Production and Their Varying Adaptation Strategies in The Gambia

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American Journal of Climate Change 2024年第3期13卷 543-566页

作者： Pierre Anthony Mendy Mawa Kone Ado baba ahmed Sidat Yaffa Alpha Kargbo Afua Amponsah Amankwah Kossi-Messan Jacques Agboka Blessing Chinomso Okorie Assan Sowe Echene Jatta Department of Physical and Natural Sciences School of Arts & Sciences University of The Gambia Banjul The Gambia West African Science Service Centre on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use (WASCAL) Department of Biosciences Universit Flix Houphout-Boigny Abidjan Cte dIvoire School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences University of The Gambia Banjul The Gambia School of Education University of The Gambia Banjul The Gambia Department of Sociology and Social Work College of Humanities and Social Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

Crop and livestock production is critical to food security in The Gambia. Over the years, the country has experienced a reduced yield due to perceived climate change events with limited studies on how climate change and pollution affect crop production. This study assesses farmers’ knowledge and perceptions of the effects of climate variability and pollution on crop production and their varying adaptation strategies in The Gambia. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used in this study. The sample size for quantitative data collection was calculated as 432 while the qualitative data involves both the focus group discussions and key informant interviews. The focus group discussions comprised two districts in each of the six agricultural regions and two farming communities engaged in crop production were chosen from each district. Furthermore, eight key informant interviews from relevant institutions were conducted. The study shows that The Gambia is highly vulnerable to extreme climatic events. Although most farmers opined that agricultural land contamination emanates from farm runoff and indiscriminate waste dumping, they had little knowledge of heavy metal pollution and bioremediation. The results showed that farmers experienced constraints such as inadequate access to credit, water, and irrigation facilities, insufficient access to efficient inputs, salt intrusion, etc. which threatened food security. The study concludes that crop farmers acknowledged the existence and impacts of climate change, and therefore recommend the availability and affordability of climate change resilient crops and promote variability awareness campaigns to address climate change impacts in The Gambia.

关键词： Climate Change Extreme Weather Vulnerability Risks Hazards Adaptation Strategies

Effects of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) powder on laying performance,egg quality,and serum biochemical parameters of Japanese quails

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Animal Nutrition 2019年第4期5卷 410-415页

作者： nassim Moula ahmed Sadoudi Leghel Touazi Pascal Leroy Fikremariam Geda Department of Animal Production Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and HealthFaculty of Veterinary MedicineLiege UniversityQuartier Vallee 2Liege B 4000Belgium Ecole Nationale Superieure Veterinaire Rue Issad AbbesOued SmarAlgiers 16000Algeria

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of stinging nettle powder(SNP) on laying performance,egg quality,and some selected serum biochemical parameters of *** hundred and forty-four 10-wk-old Japanese quails(initial body weight=199±18 g) were divided into 3 dietary treatment groups(basic diet without SNP [SNPO],SNPO with 3% SNP [SNP3],SNPO with 6% SNP [SNP6]) with 4 replicates of 12 quails for a rearing period of 12 *** 22 wk of age,the final body weights of the SNP3 and SNP6 groups were significantly(P=0.001) reduced compared to that of the SNPO *** feed intake was not statistically different among the *** mean number of eggs laid ranged from 65 to 69 with laying rates from 76.8% to 82.1%.The percentage of cracked eggs was not significantly different among the groups and ranged from 1.6% to 1.9%.The egg weight was similar and the feed conversion ratio was closer among the *** egg yolk cholesterol,serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels in the SNP6 group were significantly reduced(P <0.001) compared to those of the SNPO *** Ca,P and Mg were not significantly influenced by the *** conclusion,the results demonstrated that the supplementation of SNP to the quail diet at the level of 6%reduced quail egg yolk cholesterol,serum total cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels and did not negatively influence quail performance.

关键词： Stinging nettle Japanese quail Performance Egg quality Serum parameters

H2 sensing properties of modified silicon nanowires

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2015年第2期25卷 101-110页

作者： Latefa baba ahmed Sabrina Naama Aissa Keffous Abdelkader Hassein-Bey Toufik Hadjersi Département de physique Université Saad Dahlab de Blidaroute de Soumaa B.P. 270Blida 09000 Algeria Centre de Recherche en Technologie des Semi-conducteurs pour l’Energétique (CRTSE) 2Bd.Frantz FanonB.P. 140 Alger-7 MerveillesAlgerAlgeria

It has been found that the silicon nanowires modified with noble metals can be used to fabricate an effective H2 gas sensor in the present *** preparation and surface modification of silicon nanowires(Si NWs) were carried out by chemical methods. The morphology of the silicon nanowires unmodified and modified with nanoparticles of platinum, palladium, silver and gold was investigated using scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The chemical composition of the silicon nanowire layers was studied by secondary ion mass spectroscopy(SIMS) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis(EDX). The structures of type metal/Si NWs/p-Si/Al were fabricated. The electrical characterization(I–V) was performed in primary vacuum and H2 at different concentrations. It was found that the metal type used to modify the Si NWs strongly influenced the I–V characteristics. The response of these structures toward H2 gas was studied as a function of the metal type. Finally, the sensing characteristics and performance of the sensors were investigated.

关键词： Electroless chemical etching Noble metal H2sensor Silicon nanowires Morphology

Slope Stability Evaluations by Limit Equilibrium and Finite Element Methods Applied to a Railway in the Moroccan Rif

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2012年第1期2卷 27-32页

作者： Khadija baba Lahcen Bahi Latifa Ouadif ahmed Akhssas 3GIE Laboratory Mohammadia Engineering School Mohammed V-Agdal University Rabat Morocco

Since 1930, the analysis of slope stability is done according to the limit equilibrium approach. Several methods were developed of which certain remain applicable because of their simplicity. However, major disadvantages of these methods are (1) they do not take into account the soil behavior and (2) the complex cases cannot be studied with precision. The use of the finite elements in calculations of stability has to overcome the weakness of the traditional methods. An analysis of stability was applied to a slope, of complex geometry, composed of alternating sandstone and marls using finite elements and limit equilibrium methods. The calculation of the safety factors did not note any significant difference between the two approaches. Various calculations carried out illustrate perfectly benefits that can be gained from modeling the behavior by the finite elements method. In the finite elements analysis, the shape of deformations localization in the slope is nearly circular and confirms the shape of the failure line which constitutes the basic assumption of the analytical methods. The integration of the constitutive laws of soils and the use of field’s results tests in finite elements models predict the failure mode, to better approach the real behavior of slope soil formations and to optimize its reinforcement.

关键词： Conventional Methods Finite Elements Safety Factor Slopes Stability

Bioleaching of Zn(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) from Nigerian sphalerite and galena ores by mixed culture of acidophilic bacteria

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2011年第11期21卷 2535-2541页

作者： Alafara A.baba Folahan A.ADEKOLA Rasaq F.ATATA Risikat N.ahmed Sandeep PANDA Department of Chemistry University of Ilorin Department of Biological Sciences Fountain University Department of Microbiology University of Ilorin Bioresources Engineering Department Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology

Zn（Ⅱ） and Pb（Ⅱ） from Nigerian sphalerite and galena ores were bioleached by a mixed culture of acidophilic *** influences of pH and ferric ion on the bioleaching rates of sphalerite and galena were *** result shows that pH 2.1 and 2.7 are favourable for the leaching of Zn（Ⅱ） and Pb（Ⅱ） from sphalerite and galena,*** was observed that the use of agarose-simulated media caused cells to excrete exopolymers containing ferric ions which enhanced *** oxidation equilibrium for sphalerite and galena took 3 and 4 d,*** 38.3% sphalerite and 34.2% galena were leached within 1 d and approximately 92.0% Zn（Ⅱ） and 89.0% Pb（Ⅱ） were recovered in 5 d,*** unleached residual products were examined by X-ray diffraction for sphalerite,revealing the presence of elemental sulphur（S）,zinc sulphate（ZnSO4） and few traces of calcium aluminate（Ca3Al2O6）.The XRD pattern also indicates the presence of elemental sulphur（S）,lead sulphate（PbSO4） and few traces of itoite [Pb（S,Ge）（O,OH）4] and cobalt lead silicate [Pb8Co（Si2O7）3] in the unleached galena ore.

关键词： sphalerite galena zinc(Ⅱ) lead(Ⅱ) oxidation acidophilic bacteria

Geophysics Contribution for the Determination of Aquifers with a Case Study

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International Journal of Geosciences 2012年第1期3卷 117-125页

作者： Latifa Ouadif Lahcen Bahi ahmed Akhssas Khadija baba Med Menzhi 3GE Laboratory Mohammadia Engineering School Mohammed V Agdal University Rabat Morocco

The determination and monitoring of aquifer formations on the eastern border of Moroccan Gharb basin are very difficult because of their spatial and temporal variation. To delimit these formations, a geophysical survey of 52 geoelectric soundings was performed with a mesh of 500 m and electrodes distance between 1000 m and 3000 m. Geoelectric sections and resistivity maps show a horst and graben structure. The correlation of existing oil drillings shows that the Jurassic and Neogene formations are both affected by normal faults causing Jurassic deposits collapse with local thickening of the Miocene deposits, and reverse faults delimiting tectonic slices due to tension caused by prerifaine nappe advance. This fact confirms the generated structure by the resistivity method. The isobath map of resistant formations's roof show average depths extending from 400 to 800 m for calcareous sandstone that are potential aquifers while oil drillings indicate over 1000 m depths.

关键词： Aquifer Prerifaine Nappe Resistivity Method Geophysical Survey Gharb Basin

Non-surgical management of dens invaginatus type IIIB in maxillary lateral incisor with three root canals and 6-year follow-up:A case report and review of literature

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第33期10卷 12240-12256页

作者： Suraj Arora Gurdeep Singh Gill Shahabe Abullais Saquib Priyanka Saluja Suheel M baba Shafait Ullah Khateeb Anshad M Abdulla Shashit Shetty Bavabeedu ahmed Babiker Mohamed Ali Mohamed Fadul A Elagib Department of Restorative Dental Sciences College of DentistryKing Khalid UniversityAbha 61421Saudi Arabia Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics JCD Dental CollegeSirsa 125055India Department of Periodontics and Community Dental Sciences King Khalid UniversityAbha 61421Saudi Arabia Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic Sciences King Khalid UniversityAbha 61421Saudi Arabia

BACKGROUND The presence of dens invaginatus(DI)complicates treatment of any tooth,from diagnosis to access cavity and biomechanical preparation and *** of successful non-surgical management of DI type IIIB in maxillary lateral incisor are ***,we report such a case,with three root canals and a long *** SUMMARY A 13-year-old female patient presented with mild pain in the maxillary right lateral incisor(#7)for 10-15 *** examination,the tooth was slightly rotated,with slight tenderness on percussion and grade I mobility but with no caries,pockets or restorations and non-vital pulp(via vitality tests).Radiographic examination revealed unusual configuration of the tooth’s root canals,with an enamel-lined invagination extending to the apex,suggesting the possibility of DI Oehler’s type IIIB and a periapical *** the access cavity lingually revealed one distinct buccal orifice and two distinct palatal orifices;under higher magnification of a dental operating microscope(DOM),the mesio palatal and disto-palatal orifices were observed as connected by a C-shaped *** root canals were prepared with hand K-files following a step-back technique,and obturated using a combination technique of lateral condensation and vertical *** the 6-year follow-up,the patient was asymptomatic,and the periapical radiography displayed significant healing around the apical end of the *** Proper knowledge of unusual root canal anatomy is required in treating *** methods of root canal treatment can successfully resolve such complex cases,facilitated by DOM and cone-beam computed tomography.

关键词： Dens invaginatus Maxillary lateral incisor Three root canals Root canal Anatomy Treatment Case report

Influence of the Annealing Temperature on the Thickness and Roughness of La2Ti2O7Thin Films

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Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry 2020年第8期10卷 189-198页

作者： Mohamed A. baba Ala Gasim Abdelmoneim Mohamed Awadelgied Nafie Abdallatief Almuslet ahmed Mohamed Salih Department of Laser System Institute of Laser Sudan University of Science and Technology Khartoum Sudan Institute of Frontier and Fundamental Science University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China Department of Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China Department of General Science Karrary University Omdurman Sudan Almogran College of Science and Technology Khartoum Sudan

In this work, the impact of the substrate annealing temperature on the thickness and roughness of La2Ti2O7 thin films was verified. A group of LTO Thin films was grown on Si (100) substrates successfully via pulsed laser deposition technique (PLD) at various annealing temperatures with a constant numbers of pulses and energy per pulse. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) were used to investigate the thickness and roughness of the deposited La2Ti2O7 thin films. The average thickness of the thin films was decreased due to the increasing in the annealing temperature linearly;the maximum thickness was found (231 nm) when LTO thin film deposited at 500°C. The root mean square roughness was increased linearly with increasing the substrate Temperatures. The minimum roughness was found (0.254 nm) when LTO deposited at (500°C). From the obtained results, its clear evidence that the annealing temperature has an influence on the thickness and roughness of the LTO thin films.

关键词： La2Ti2O7 Thin Films PLD Perovskites Annealing Temperature

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma: Epidemiological, Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects of 63 Cases at National Hospital Center in Mauritania

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2020年第3期10卷 239-250页

作者： Mohamed Jiddou Sidi baba ahmedou Moulaye Idriss Tfeil Yahya ahmed Taleb Batty Sidi Sidi Cheikh Faculty of Medicine of Nouakchott Nouakchott Mauritania Ophthalmology Department of National Hospital Center of Nouakchott Nouakchott Mauritania

Introduction: Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is an anterior optic neuropathy of chronic and progressive course, characterized by perimeter alteration and excavation of the specific optic disc. This neuropathy is usually accompanied by ocular hypertonia. The iridocorneal angle remains open in gonioscopy. POAG is the primary cause of irreversible blindness in adults around the world, posing a real public health and quality of life problem as well as an economic problem. The progressive and irreversible loss of vision makes POAG a disease that can lead to blindness. The main objective of our study is to describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of primary open angle glaucoma in the ophthalmology department of the National Hospital Center of Nouakchott. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective descriptive study of 6 months (March 1st 2017 to August 30th 2017), on patients with a POAG with the presence of at least one of the three signs (intraocular pressure > 21 mmHg, papillary cup/disc vertical excavation ≥ 0.5 and a field altered apart from all other causes). All glaucoma patients seen during the study period benefited from a complete eye examination. The studied variables were the family history of glaucoma, age, intra ocular pressure (IOP) and pachymeter. Results: The mean age was 58.7 years. About 2/3 of the patients had a lower pachymeter to normal (63% of cases), a genetically thinner cornea results in an underestimation of the IOP measurement. The male was the most represented with a sex ratio M/F (1.42), the main characteristic factors were family history of glaucoma (39.7%), artery hypertension, diabetic and headache. The success rate of surgery was 69.8%, while 11% of our patients had refused any kind of treatment, no complications were noted, Conclusion: POAG is a multifactorial condition which can lead to blindness if not early diagnosed or

关键词： Glaucoma Intraocular Pressure Mauritania