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nucleoside modified mRnA-lipid nanoparticles as a new delivery platform for the repair of the injured spinal cord

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2311-2312页

作者： Krisztián Pajer Tamás Bellák Antal nógrádi Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary

Spinal cord injury and treatment opportunities:The adult mammalian spinal cord has a very limited capacity for spontaneous regeneration due to various intrinsic molecular and cellular *** the spinal cord neurons have the capacity to regenerate their axons,the expression of growth inhibitory factors,lack or suppression of proper guidance cues,and profound inflammatory responses do not permit successful regeneration(Khyeam et al.,2021).

关键词： injured capacity modified

Impacts of PI3K/protein kinase B pathway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to protective functions

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： Ramón Pérez-núñez María Fernanda González Ana María Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional *** on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses,***,this binary classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell types,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κB serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/PI3K/AKT/connexin 43,and notch/PI3K/AKT *** targeting the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the PI3K/AKT pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neuroprotective neurotoxic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)

Electro-magnetohydrodynamic Flow of Biofluid Induced by Peristaltic Wave： A non-newtonian Model

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2016年第3期13卷 436-448页

作者： Gopal Chandra Shit nayan Kumar Ranjit Aniruddha Sinha Department of Mathematics Jadavpur University Kolkata - 700032 India Yogoda Satsanga Palpara Mahavidyalaya Purba Medinipur - 721458 India

This article aims to develop a mathematical model for peristaltic transport of magnetohydrodynamic flow of biofluids through a micro-channel with rhythmically contracting and expanding walls under the influence of an applied electric field. The couple stress fluid model is considered to represent the non-newtonian characteristics ofbiofluids. The velocity slip condition at the channel walls is taken into account because of the hyclrophilic/hydrophobic interaction with negatively charged walls. The essential features of the electromagnetohydrodynamic flow of biofluid through micro-channels are clearly highlighted in the variations of the non-dimensional parameters of the physical quantities of interest such as the velocity, wall shear stress, pressure gradient, pressure rise per wave length, frictional force at the channel walls and the distribution of stream function. It reveals that the flow ofhiofluid is appreciably influenced by the sufficient strength of externally applied magnetic field and electro-osmotic parameter. The velocity slip condition reduces the frictional force at the channel wall. Moreover, the formation of the trapping bolus strongly depends on electro-osmotic parameter and magnetic field strength.

关键词： peristaltic transport couple stress fluid magnetohydrodynamics electro-osmosis

Astrocytes, reactive astrogliosis, and glial scar formation in traumatic brain injury

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 973-989页

作者： María Belén Cieri Alberto Javier Ramos Laboratorio de neuropatología Molecular IBCN UBA-CONICETFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina

Traumatic brain injury is a global health crisis,causing significant death and disability *** that follows traumatic brain injury has serious consequences for neuronal survival and cognitive impairments,with astrocytes involved in this *** traumatic brain injury,astrocytes rapidly become reactive,and astrogliosis propagates from the injury core to distant brain *** astroglial proteins are downregulated near the traumatic brain injury core,while pro-inflammatory astroglial genes are *** altered gene expression is considered a pathological remodeling of astrocytes that produces serious consequences for neuronal survival and cognitive *** addition,glial scar formed by reactive astrocytes is initially necessary to limit immune cell infiltration,but in the long term impedes axonal reconnection and functional *** therapeutic strategies for traumatic brain injury are focused on preventing acute ***,cannabinoids,progesterone,beta-blockers,and cerebrolysin demonstrate neuroprotective benefits but most of them have not been studied in the context of *** this review,we discuss the cell signaling pathways activated in reactive astrocytes following traumatic brain injury and we discuss some of the potential new strategies aimed to modulate astroglial responses in traumatic brain injury,especially using cell-targeted strategies with miRnAs or lncRnA,viral vectors,and repurposed drugs.

关键词： astrocyte glial scar innate immunity neuroinflammation stab injury Toll-like receptors

Sex differences in aging and injured brain

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2901-2902页

作者： Jordan n.Williamson Yuan Yang University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Grainger College of EngineeringDepartment of BioengineeringUrbanaILUSA Carle Foundation Hospital Stephenson Family Clinical Research InstituteClinical Imaging Research CenterUrbanaILUSA University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and TechnologyUrbanaILUSA northwestern University Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement SciencesChicagoILUSA

Background:The prevalence,age of onset,and symptomatology of traumatic brain injury,stroke,and neurodegenerative diseases(such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD),Parkinson’s disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and Huntington’s disease)differ substantially between males and *** higher prevalence of these brain disorders has been attributed to females having a greater longevity compared with *** one of the greatest risk factors of acquired brain injury(such as stroke,traumatic brain injury caused by fall)and neurodegenerative disease is age.

关键词： Huntington prevalence traumatic

Making bridges between preclinical and clinical insights into age-related cognitive decline

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2321-2322页

作者： David VC Brito Clévio nóbrega Algarve Biomedical Center-Research Institute(ABC-RI) Campus GambelasFaroPortugal Algarve Biomedical Center-(ABC) Campus GambelasFaroPortugal Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences(FMCB) University of AlgarveGambelas CampusFaroPortugal

With people living longer,the societal impact of age-related cognitive decline is becoming more pronounced(Crimmins,2015).Thus,it is increasingly important to comprehend the cognitive shifts linked to aging-whether th... 详细信息

关键词： bridges becoming insight

Amyloid-beta pathology-induced nanoscale synaptic disruption:the case of the GABA_B-GIRK assembly

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1409-1410页

作者： Rafael Lujan Alejandro Martín-Belmonte Sergi Ferré Francisco Ciruela Synaptic Structure Laboratory Instituto de Biomedicina de la UCLM(IB-UCLM)Departamento de Ciencias MédicasInstituto de Investigación en Salud de Castilla-La Mancha(IDISCAM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Castilla-La ManchaCampus BiosanitarioC/AlmansaAlbaceteSpain Integrative neurobiology Section National Institute on Drug AbuseIntramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA Pharmacology Unit Department of Pathology and Experimental TherapeuticsSchool of Medicine and Health SciencesInstitute of NeurosciencesUniversity of BarcelonaNeuropharmacology&Pain GroupNeuroscience ProgramBellvitge Institute for Biomedical ResearchL’Hospitalet de LlobregatSpain

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory brain networks,leading to aberrant homeostatic synaptic *** has progressively been recognized as syna ptopathy and syna ptic dysfunction has been identified as a key component of its pathogenesis (Schirinzi et al.,2020).Syna ptic dysfunction is believed to precede synapse loss,a primary biological correlate of cognitive decline in AD,inevita bly associated with neuronal death.

关键词： Alzheimer pathology

non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease:Growing Burden, Adverse Outcomes and Associations

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2020年第1期8卷 76-86页

作者： Ramesh Kumar Rajeev nayan Priyadarshi Utpal Anand Department of Gastroenterology All India Institute of Medical SciencesPatnaIndia Department of Radiodiagnosis All India Institute of Medical SciencesPatnaIndia Department of Surgical Gastroenterology All India Institute of Medical SciencesPatnaIndia

nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(nAFLD)is a systemic disor-der with a complex multifactorial pathogenesis and hetero-genous clinical ***,once believed to be an innocuous condition,has now become the most common cause of chronic liver disease in many countries *** is already highly prevalent in the general population,and owing to a rising incidence of obesity and diabetes mellitus,the incidence of nAFLD and its impact on global healthcare are expected to increase in the future.A subset of patients with nAFLD develops progressive liver disease lead-ing to cirrhosis,hepatocellular carcinoma,and liver *** has emerged as one of the leading causes of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in recent ***,HCC can occur in nAFLD even in absence of *** with the general population,nAFLD increases the risk of liver-related,cardiovascular and all-cause *** is bidirectionally associated with metabolic *** increases the risk and contributes to aggravation of the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis,cardiovascular diseases,diabetes mellitus,and chronic kidney *** addition,nAFLD is linked to colorectal polyps,polycystic ovarian syndrome,osteoporosis,obstructive sleep apnea,stroke,and various extrahepatic *** resection of steatotic liver is associated with increased risk of liver failure and *** is an increasing trend of nAFLD-related cirrhosis requiring liver transplantation,and the recurrence of nAFLD in such patients is almost *** review discusses the growing burden of nAFLD,its outcomes,and adverse associations with various diseases.

关键词： nAFLD nASH Metabolic Outcome Association

Chronic renal dysfunction in cirrhosis:A new frontier in hepatology

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第11期27卷 990-1005页

作者： Ramesh Kumar Rajeev nayan Priyadarshi Utpal Anand Department of Gastroenterology All India Institute of Medical SciencesPatna 801507BiharIndia Department of Radiodiagnosis All India Institute of Medical SciencesPatna 801507BiharIndia Department of Surgical Gastroenterology All India Institute of Medical SciencesPatna 801507BiharIndia

Chronic kidney disease(CKD)in patients with liver cirrhosis has become a new frontier in *** recent years,a sharp increase in the diagnosis of CKD has been observed among patients with *** rising prevalence of risk factors,such as diabetes,hypertension and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,appears to have contributed significantly to the high prevalence of ***,the diagnosis of CKD in cirrhosis is now based on a reduction in the estimated glomerular filtration rate ofn over more than 3 *** definition has resulted in a better differentiation of CKD from acute kidney injury(AKI),leading to its greater *** has also been noted that a significant proportion of AKI transforms into CKD in patients with decompensated *** in cirrhosis can be structural CKD due to kidney injury or functional CKD secondary to circulatory and neurohormonal *** available literature on combined cirrhosis-CKD is extremely limited,as most attempts to assess renal dysfunction in cirrhosis have so far concentrated on *** to problems related to glomerular filtration rate estimation in cirrhosis,the absence of reliable biomarkers of CKD and technical difficulties in performing renal biopsy in advanced cirrhosis,CKD in cirrhosis can present many challenges for *** combined hepatorenal dysfunctions,fluid mobilization becomes problematic,and there may be difficulties with drug tolerance,hemodialysis and decision-making regarding the need for liver vs simultaneous liver and kidney *** paper offers a thorough overview of the increasingly known CKD in patients with cirrhosis,with clinical consequences and difficulties occurring in the diagnosis and treatment of such patients.

关键词： Acute kidney injury Cirrhosis Chronic kidney disease Renal failure Hepatorenal syndrome Renal function