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Prevalence and associations of non-retinopathy ocular conditions among older Australians with self-reported diabetes:The National Eye Health Survey

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2020年第10期13卷 1642-1651页

作者： Joshua Foreman Stuart Keel myra b mcguinness Jonathan G Crowston Hugh R Taylor Mohamed Dirani Centre for Eye Research Australia the Royal Victorian Eye&Ear HospitalVictoria 3002MelbourneAustralia Ophthalmology Department of Surgerythe University of MelbourneVictoria 3010MelbourneAustralia Indigenous Eye Health Unit Melbourne School of Population and Global Healththe University of MelbourneVictoria 3010MelbourneAustralia Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore National Eye Centre168751Singapore

AIM:To determine the prevalence and associations of non-retinopathy ocular conditions among older Australian adults with ***:Multistage random-cluster sampling was used to select 3098 non-indigenous Australians aged 50 y or older(46.4%male)and 1738 indigenous Australians aged 40 y or older(41.1%male)from all levels of geographic remoteness in *** underwent a standardised questionnaire to ascertain diabetes history,and a clinical examination to identify eye *** determined the prevalence of uncorrected refractive error,visually significant cataract,cataract surgery,age-related macular degeneration,glaucoma,ocular hypertension,retinal vein occlusion and epiretinal membrane among those with and without self-reported ***:Participants with self-reported diabetes had a higher prevalence of cataract surgery than those without diabetes(28.8%vs 16.9%,OR 1.78,95%CI:1.35-2.34 among non-indigenous Australians,and 11.3%vs 5.2%,OR 1.62,95%CI:1.22-2.14 among indigenous Australians).Diabetic retinopathy(DR)increased the odds of cataract surgery among self-reported diabetic indigenous and nonindigenous Australians(OR 1.89,P=0.004 and OR 2.33,Pbetes for≥20 y and having vision-threatening DR increased the odds of cataract surgery among indigenous Australians with diabetes(OR 3.73,P=0.001 and 7.58,Pbetes epidemic,interventions to reduce the impact of diabetes-related blindness should include increased cataract surgery services.

关键词： retinopathy diabetes prevalence public health national survey cataract

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Mechanisms of immune checkpoint inhibitormediated liver injury

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica b 2021年第12期11卷 3727-3739页

作者： Layla Shojaie myra Ali Andrea Iorga Lily Dara Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Department of MedicineKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90033USA Research Center for Liver Disease Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90033USA Keck School of Medicine University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90033USA U.S.Food and Drug Administration Center for Devices and Radiological HealthSilver SpringMD 20993USA UMbC Center for Accelerated Real Time Analytics University of MarylandBaltimore CountyBaltimoreMD 21250USA

The immune checkpoints,cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4(CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein-1/ligand-1(PD-1/PD-L1) are vital contributors to immune resulation and *** immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs) have revolutionized cancer therapy;however,they come with the cost of immune related adverse events involving multiple organs such as the *** to its constant expo sure to foreign antigens,the liver has evolved a high capacity for immune tolerance,therefore,blockade of the immune checkpoints can result in aberrant immune activation affecting the liver in up to 20% of patients depending on the agent(s) used and underlying *** type of hepatotoxicity is termed immune mediated liver injury from checkpoint inhibitors(ILICI) and is more common when CTLA4 and PD-1/PDL1 are used in *** underlying mechanisms of this unique type of hepatotoxicity are not fully understood;however,the contribution of CD8^(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes,various CD4^(+) T cells populations,cytokines,and the secondary activation of the innate immune system leading to liver injury have all been *** review summarizes our current understanding of the underlying mechanisms of liver injury in immunotherapy using animal models of ILICI and available patient data from clinical studies.

关键词： Hepatotoxicity DILI Immunotherapy Cell death Hepatocyte CTLA-4 PD-1 PD-L1 Necrosis Apoptosis

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HEV and HbV Dual Infection:A Review

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2020年第3期8卷 313-321页

作者： myra Nasir George Y.Wu Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology-HepatologyUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonCTUSA

Hepatitis E virus(HEV)is a global health problem,affecting about 20 million people *** is significant overlap of hepatitis b virus(HbV)and HEV endemicity in many Asian countries where dual infections with HEV and HbV can *** the clinical course of HEV is largely self-limited,HEV superinfection in patients with chronic hepatitis b(CHb)can result in acute exacerbation of underlying *** superinfection in patients with CHb-related cirrhosis has been identified as a risk factor for decompensated cirrhosis and an independent predictor of *** acute HEV infection in pregnancy can cause fulminant liver failure,the few studies on pregnant patients with dual HbV and HEV infection have shown a subclinical *** is a risk factor for the development of chronic HEV infection,which can be managed by decreasing the dose of immune-suppressants and administering *** for HEV has been developed and is in use in China but its efficacy in patients with CHb has yet to be established in the *** this review,we appraise studies on dual infection with HEV and HbV,including the effect of HEV superinfection and coinfection in CHb,management strategies used and the role of active vaccination in the prevention of HEV.

关键词： Hepatitis b Hepatitis E Coinfection Superinfection Chronic hepatitis b

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A survey of ampullectomy practices

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第28期15卷 3486-3492页

作者： Stacy b Menees Philip Schoenfeld Hyungjin myra Kim Grace H Elta Eastern Virginia Medical School Norfolk Virginia 23502 United States Division of Gastroenterology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 United States VA Health Services & Research Department Ann Arbor MI Center for Statistical Consultation and Research University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109United States

AIM： To investigate the endoscopic ampullectomy practices of expert biliary endoscopists. METHODS： An anonymous expert biliary endoscopists practices. survey was mailed to 79 to assess ampullectomy RESULTS： Forty six （58%） biliary endoscopists returned the questionnaire. Of these, 63% were in academia and in practice for an average of 16.4 years （± 8.6）. Endoscopists performed an average of 1.1 （± 0.8） ampullectomies per month. Prior to ampullectomy, endoscopic ultrasound was ＂always＂ utilized by 67% of respondents vs ＂sometimes＂ in 31% of respondents. Empiric biliary sphincterotomy was not utilized uniformly, only 26% ＂always＂ and 37% ＂sometimes＂ performed it prior to resection. Fifty three percent reported ＂never＂ performing empiric pancreatic sphincterotomy prior to ampullectomy. Practitioners with high endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography volumes were the most likely to perform a pancreatic sphincterotomy （OR = 10.9; P = 0.09）. Participants overwhelmingly favored ＂always＂ placing a prophylactic pancreatic stent, with 86% placing it after ampullectomy rather than prior to resection （23%）. Argon plasma coagulation was the favored adjunct modality （83%） for removal of residual adenomatous tissue. Practitioners uniformly （100%） preferred follow-up examination to be within 6 mo ***： Among biliary experts, there is less variation in ampultectomy practices than is reflected in the literature.

关键词： Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaography Ampullectomy Papillectomy Ampulla ofVater, Common bile duct neoplasms Adenoma

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Complete coverage of reduced graphene oxide on silicon dioxide substrates

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Chinese Physics b 2014年第8期23卷 143-146页

作者： Huang Jingfeng Melanie Larisika Chen Hu Steve Faulkner myra A.Nimmo Christoph Nowak Alfred Tok Iing Yoong School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Institute for Sports Research Nanyang Technological University Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT) GmbH Center for biomimetic Sensor Science School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences Loughborough University

Reduced graphene oxide （RGO） has the advantage of an aqueous and industrial-scale production route. No other approaches can rival the RGO field effect transistor platform in terms of cost （〈US$1） and portability （millimetre scale）. However the large deviations in the electrical resistivity of this fabricated material prevent it from being used widely. After an ethanol chemical vapor deposition （CVD） post-treatment to graphene oxide with ethanol, carbon islets are deposited preferentially at the edges of existing flakes. With a 2-h treatment, the standard deviation in electrical resistance of the treated chips can be reduced by 99.95%. Thus this process could enable RGO to be used in practical electronic devices.

关键词： graphene oxide reduced graphene oxide graphene growth field effect transistor

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维特根斯坦剑桥书信集

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2018年

作者： (英)布瑞恩·麦克奎尼斯

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