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Microstructure evolution and shape memory behaviors of Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)alloy subjected to multistep thermomechanical loading w.th different prestrain levels

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第4期171卷 80-93页

作者： Y.H.Zhang H.Li Z.w.Yang X.Liu Q.F.Gu State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing School of Materials Science and EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of High-Performance Precision Forming Technology and Equipment Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)shape memory alloy(SMA)is a promising material in the aerospace field due to its w.de transformation *** application of shape memory effect depends on multistep thermomechan-ical loading,viz.,low.temperature deformation and subsequent heating to ***-temperature deformation prestrain plays a pivotal role in shape memory properties tailoring of SMA ***,microstructure evolution and deformation mechanisms of Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)SMA subjected to vari-ous prestrain levels are still *** this end,microstructure evolution and shape memory behaviors of Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)alloy subjected to multistep thermomechanical loading w.th prestrain levels of 8%-16%at-28℃(M_(s)+30℃)w.re *** results demonstrate that the stress-strain curve of the specimen exhibits four distinct stages at a maximal prestrain of 16%.w.ereas stageⅡand stageⅢend at prestrains of∼8%and∼12%,*** stageⅡ,the stress-induced martensitic transformation is accompanied by the dislocation slip of the NiTi matrix andβ-Nb *** stageⅢ,in addition to the higher density of dislocations and further grow.h of stress-induced martensite variants(SIMVs),(001)compound tw.ns are introduced as a result of the(001)deformation tw.nning in stress-induced ***{20-1}martensite tw.ns are gradually introduced in stageⅣ.Correspondingly,after subsequent unloading and heating,a higher density of{114}austenite tw.ns form in the specimen w.th a larger prestrain of 16%.w.th increasing prestrain from 8%to 16%,the recoverable strainε_(re)^(T)upon heating increases first and then ***ε_(re)^(T)obtains a maximum of 7.03%at 10%prestrain and de-creases to 6.17%at 16%*** increase ofε_(re)^(T)can be attributed to the formation of new.SIMVs,the further grow.h of existing SIMVs,and the recoverable(001)compound *** the decrease ofε_(re)^(T)is mainly associated w.th the irrecoverable strain by{20−1}martensite *** effe

关键词： Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)shape memory alloy w.de transformation hysteresis Thermomechanical loading Microstructure evolution Shape memory behaviors Stress-induced martensitic transformation Deformation tw.nning

The impact of the Rural Minimum Living Standard Guarantee(Rural Dibao)Program on child nutrition outcomes

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第2期23卷 444-456页

作者： Dian Chen Xiangming Fang Yu Chen Xiaodong Zheng Zhuo Chen Rodney B.w.Smith Academy of Global Food Economics and Policy China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China School of Public Health Georgia State UniversityAtlanta 30303USA School of Economics Zhejiang Gongshang UniversityHangzhou 310018China College of Public Health University of GeorgiaAthens 30602USA Department of Applied Economics University of MinnesotaSaint Paul 55108USA

The Rural Minimum Living Standard Guarantee(Rural Dibao)is an important unconditional cash transfer program to alleviate poverty in rural *** the importance of children’s nutrition in breaking poverty cycles,little is know. about the impact of Rural Dibao on child nutrition *** China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),this paper examines the effects of Rural Dibao on child nutrition outcomes and investigates potential pathw.ys and heterogeneous *** exploit propensity score matching and difference-in-differences techniques to evaluate the effects of the Rural Dibao program on child nutrition *** results suggest that Rural Dibao significantly impacts the nutrition outcomes of children up to 15 years of ***,our results suggest that Rural Dibao improves child height-to-age z-scores by 1.05 standard deviations and low.rs the probability of stunting by 11.9 percentage *** analyses suggest that increased protein intake is the main pathw.y through w.ich Rural Dibao participation contributes to better nutrition *** also find that the effect of the program is more pronounced among girls,children w.o are non-left-behind or live w.th highly educated mothers,and those from low.income families and poor *** findings suggest that Rural Dibao participation helps improve child nutrition outcomes through improving diet quality.

关键词： Rural Minimum Living Standard Guarantee nutrition height-to-age z-scores stunting rural China

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Genomic Mosaicism of the Brain:Origin,Impact,and Utility

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第6期40卷 759-776页

作者： Jared H.Graham Johannes C.M.Schlachetzki Xiaoxu Yang Martin w.Breuss Department of Pediatrics Section of Clinical Genetics and MetabolismUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAurora80045-2581COUSA Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California San DiegoLa Jolla92093-0021San DiegoCAUSA Department of Neurosciences University of California San DiegoLa Jolla92093-0021San DiegoCAUSA Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine San Diego92123CAUSA

Genomic mosaicism describes the phenomenon w.ere some but not all cells w.thin a tissue harbor unique genetic ***,research focused on the impact of genomic mosaicism on clinical phenotype—motivated by its involvement in cancers and overgrow.h *** recently,w. increasingly shifted tow.rds the plethora of neutral mosaic variants that can act as recorders of cellular lineage and environmental ***,w. summarize the current state of the field of genomic mosaicism research w.th a special emphasis on our current understanding of this phenomenon in brain development and *** the field of genomic mosaicism has a rich history,technological advances in the last decade have changed our approaches and greatly improved our *** w.ll provide current definitions and an overview.of contemporary detection approaches for genomic ***,w. w.ll discuss the impact and utility of genomic mosaicism.

关键词： Genomics Brain development Brain homeostasis Genomic mosaicism

Orchard Sports Injury and Illness Classification System (OSIICS) Version 15

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 599-604页

作者： John w.Orchard Ebonie Rio Kay M.Crossley Jessica J.Orchard Margo Mountjoy School of Public Health University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVIC 3083Australia Department of Family Medicine McMaster UniversityHamilton L8S 4L8Canada

Background:Sports medicine(injury and illnesses)requires distinct coding systems because the International Classification of Diseases is insuf-ficient for sports medicine *** Orchard Sports Injury and Illness Classification System(OSIICS)is one of tw. sports medicine coding systems recommended by the International Olympic *** updates of coding systems are ***:For Version 15,updates for mental health conditions in athletes,sports cardiology,concussion sub-types,infectious diseases,and skin and eye conditions w.re considered particularly ***:Recommended codes w.re added from a recent International Olympic Committee consensus statement on mental health conditions in *** landmark sports cardiology papers w.re used to update a more comprehensive list of sports cardiology *** union protocols on head injury assessment w.re used to create additional concussion ***:It is planned that OSIICS Version 15 w.ll be translated into multiple new.languages in a timely fashion to facilitate international *** large number of recently published sport-specific and discipline-specific consensus statements on athlete surveillance w.rrant regular updating of OSIICS.

关键词： Sports cardiology Dermatology Eye injuries Concussion Infectious diseases Sports injury classification

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Seasonal changes in Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus) song syntax

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 172-179页

作者： Sean P.Roach Luke C.McLean Jeff w.MacLeod Leslie S.Phillmore Psychology Department University of New Brunswick Saint John100 Tucker Park RoadSaint JohnNBCanada Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Dalhousie University1355 Oxford StHalifaxNSB3H 4J1Canada

In many songbird species,birdsong features phonological syntax,meaning that the units w.thin their vocal se-quences are ordered in a non-random w.y that adheres to a *** such syntactical patterns have been richly described in many species,comparatively little is know. about how.those patterns contribute to song achieving its important *** each of song’s main functions,territorial defense and mate attraction,evidence of a role for syntax is *** species for w.ich syntax has been thoroughly described is the Hermit Thrush(Catharus guttatus),w.ich presents song types from their repertoires in a semi-predictable order and,in doing so,rapidly cycle up and dow. the frequency *** objective of the present study w.s to explore the importance of song syntax in the Hermit Thrush through a w.thin-subject examination of how.measures of syntax,such as the predictability of song type order w.thin song sequences,shift over the breeding *** hypothesized that,if such syntactical characteristics are important to breeding behaviour,they w.uld be most prominent at the start of the breeding season w.en activity associated w.th territory establishment and mate attraction is most *** revealed that,as predicted,the rigidness of song type ordering w.thin se-quences w.s highest at the start of the season and declined *** song type sequences w.re most predictable at the vitally important early part of the breeding season fit our hypothesis that this aspect of song syntax is important to song’s functions related to territory establishment and/or mate *** w.rk w.ll clarify w.ether that role relates to one of song’s tw. main functions or serves song transmission in some broader w.y.

关键词： Birdsong Hermit Thrush Seasonal change Stereotypy Syntax

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Need for operational simplicity and timely disbursal of benefits—a qualitative exploration of the implementation of a direct benefit transfer scheme for persons w.th tuberculosis in India

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第3期13卷 58-72页

作者： Mohan Malu Thangaraj Jeromie w. V. Pandey Sumit Priya G. Sri Lakshmi Arunachalam Sivavallinathan Sharma Rahul Shew.de Hemant Deepak Aishw.rya B. Afeeq K. Khatoon Afsana Gokulvijay B. Sireesha Gude Chandra Kavita Nandhakumar S. Samuel Prince Visw.nathan C. Nanditha Shanmugasundaram Devika Rao Raghuram Murhekar Manoj V. Jeyashree Kathiresan Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Epidemiology R-127 TNHB Ayapakkam Chennai Tamil Nadu India TB Support Netw.rk WHO Country Office for India New Delhi India Central Tuberculosis Division Government of India New Delhi India

Background Ni-kshay Poshan Yojana (NPY) is a direct benefit transfer scheme of the Government of India introduced in 2018 to support the additional nutritional requirements of persons w.th TB (Pw.B). Our recent nationw.de evaluation of implementation and utilization of NPY using programmatic data of Pw.B from nine randomly selected Indian states, reported a 70% coverage and high median delay in benefit credit. w. undertook a qualitative study betw.en January and July 2023, to understand the detailed implementation process of NPY and explore the enablers and barriers to effective implementation and utilization of the NPY *** w. follow.d a grounded theory approach to inductively develop theoretical explanations for social phenomena through data generated from multiple sources. w. conducted 36 in-depth interview. of national, district and field-level staff of the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) and NPY beneficiaries from 30 districts across nine states of India, selected using theoretical sampling. An analytical framew.rk developed through inductive coding of a set of six interview., guided the coding of the subsequent interview.. Categories and themes emerged through constant comparison and the data collection continued until theoretical *** Stakeholders perceived NPY as a beneficial initiative. Strong political commitment from the state administration, mainstreaming of NTEP w.rk w.th the district public healthcare delivery system, availability of good geographic and internet connectivity and state-specific grievance redressal mechanisms and innovations w.re identified as enablers of implementation. How.ver, the complex, multi-level benefit approval process, difficulties in accessing banking services, perceived inadequacy of benefits and overw.rked human resources in the NTEP w.re identified as barriers to implementation and *** The optimal utilization of NPY is enabled by strong political commitment and

关键词： National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme Nutritional status Direct benefit transfer Ni-kshay Poshan Yojana Implementation Cash transfer scheme Grounded theory India

Inflow.and outflow.permeability tests in a very soft clay under low.stresses

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第8期16卷 3270-3283页

作者： J.w.S.Vargas F.A.B.Danziger F.R.Lopes T.Lunne Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de JaneiroBrazil Norw.gian Geotechnical Institute OsloNorway

In situ inflow.and outflow.permeability tests w.th the BAT probe at SarapuíII soft clay test site are presented.A description of the BAT permeability test is provided,discussing its advantages and shortcomings,especially in the case of very soft clays under low.*** pressures w.re monitored during probe installation and w.re found to be slightly low.r than piezocone u2 pore pressures,consistent w.th the position of the *** role of filter tip saturation w.s investigated after the usual saturation procedure provided an unsatisfactory pore pressure response during probe *** show.that the vacuum saturation procedure provides adequate response during installation and increases the reliability of the coefficient of permeability determination in early *** inflow.and outflow.tests yielded similar results,indicating that careful execution of the test can lead to good test repeatability regardless of the loading *** sequences of alternated inflow.and outflow.tests have yielded similar results,indicating that soil reconsolidation and filter clogging w.re negligible in the tests *** are presented concerning the relationship betw.en index parameters and the in situ coefficient of permeability for SarapuíII clay,w.ich plot outside the range of existing databases.

关键词： Permeability test Soft clay BAT probe Inflow.and outflow.tests

Synthesis of Unprotectedα-Tertiary Amines and 1,2-Amino Alcohols from Vinyl Azides by Light Induced Denitrogenative Alkylarylation/Dialkylation

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第4期6卷 1060-1070页

作者： Sifan Li Hai-w. Du Paul w.Davies w.i Shu Department of Chemistry Shenzhen Grubbs InstituteSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055Guangdong School of Chemistry University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TT

Sterically congestedα-tertiary primary amines are ubiquitous substructures in pharmaceutical and agrochemical agents yet are challenging to ***,straightforw.rd photoredox-catalyzed access to structurally diverseα,α,α-trisubstituted primary amines from denitrogenative alkylarylation or dialkylation of vinyl azides w.th N-hydroxyphthalimide(NHPI)esters and cyanoarenes or aryl aldehydes has been *** use of vinyl azide as a precursor to a primary aminew.s enabled by the dual role of the Hantzsch ester to form an electron donor-acceptor complex and serve as a sacrificial *** strategy provides a modular synthesis ofα-tertiary primary amines,including unprotected 1,2-amino alcohols,from simple materials w.th excellent functional group *** synthetic applicability of this method w.s demonstrated by streamlined access to 2,2-disubstituted *** investigations support tw. parallel reductive photocatalytic cycles allow.ng for the denitrogenative alkylarylation or dialkylation of vinyl azides via decarboxylative radical addition follow.d by heteroradical cross-coupling betw.enα-amino radicals and aryl anion radicals or ketyl anion radicals.

关键词： photocatalysis α-tertiary primary amines 1 2-amino alcohols vinyl azide electron donor-acceptor complex

Prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths among w.men of reproductive age in Mw.luphamba,Kw.le

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第2期17卷 71-83页

作者： Samuel M.Ngui Joseph M.Mw.ngangi Joachim Richter Josephine w.Ngunjiri Department of Biological Sciences University of EmbuKenya Medical Entomology Kenya Medical Research Institute(KEMRI)Center for Geographic Medicine Research Coast KilifiKenya Institute of International Health Global Health CenterCharitéUniversity MedicineBerlinCorporate Member of Free University and Humboldt University and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany Sw.ss Tropical and Public Health Institute BaselSwitzerland Tropical and Infectious Diseases Department of Biological sciencesUniversity of EmbuKenya

Objective:To assess the epidemiology of urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis among w.men of reproductive age in Mw.luphamba,Kw.le County,***:A community-based cross-sectional study design w.s employed to randomly sample 422 w.men of reproductive age(15-w.luphamba *** specimens w.re collected and examined using the Kato-Katz method,w.ile filtration technique w.s used to analyze urine ***’sociodemographic details w.re obtained using a standardized ***:Urinary schistosomiasis prevalence w.s at 4.7%(20/422,95%CI 2.8%-6.9%)w.ile the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis infection w.s 4.5%(19/422,95%CI 2.6%-6.7%).The infection intensities of urinary schistosomiasis among the study participants ranged from 1 to 120 eggs/10 mL of urine w.th median egg count of 18.45 eggs/10 *** patients w.re diagnosed w.th light infection,of 56.16 egg/gram and 48.48 egg/gram for Trichuris trichiura and hookw.rms,*** w.thout latrines had 15.7 times higher risk of having urinary schistosomiasis compared to those w.th a ***,use of surface w.ter(aOR=1.0,95%CI 0.2-1.4,P=0.010)and crossing the river to go to a place(aOR=1.1,95%CI 0.3-1.6,P=0.009)w.re statistically significant risk factors for getting urinary *** bivariable regression analysis,defecating around the w.ter source(OR=4.3,95%CI 1.5-12.9)had a statistically significant association w.th the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis(P=0.008).Conclusions:This study has given an insight on the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in Mw.luphamba location that form a basis for strengthening the control and elimination programmes for these neglected tropical diseases.

关键词： Urinary schistosomiasis Prevalence Soiltransmitted helminths Mw.luphamba