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Impacts of pI3K/protein kinase B pathway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to protective functions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： Ramón pérez-Núñez María Fernanda González Ana María Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional *** on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses,***,this binary classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell types,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** phosphoinositide 3-kinase(pI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κB serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the pI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/pI3K/AKT/connexin 43,and Notch/pI3K/AKT *** targeting the inactivation of the pI3K/AKT cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the pI3K/AKT pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neuroprotective neurotoxic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)

Thermostability of montmorillonitic clays

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China Foundry 2014年第3期11卷 201-207页

作者： petr Jelínek Stanislaw M.Dobosz Jaroslav Beňo Katarzyna Major-Gabrys VSB–Technical University of Ostrava Faculty of Metallurgy and Material Engineering Department of Metallurgy and Foundry Engineering Czech Republic AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Foundry Engineering Department of Moulding Materials Mould Technology and Foundry of Non-ferrous Metals Al. Mickiewicza 30 30-059 Krakow Poland

Bentonite is one of the most widespread used clays connected with various applications. In the case of foundry technology, bentonite is primarily used as a binder for mold manufacture. Thermal stability of bentonites is a natural property of clay minerals and it depends on the genesis, source and chemical composition of the clay. This property is also closely connected to bentonite structure. According to DTA analysis if only one peak of dehydroxylation is observed(about 600 oC), the cis- isomerism of bentonite is expected, while two peaks of de-hydroxylation(about 550 and 850 oC) are expected in the trans- one. In this overview, the bentonite structure, the water – bentonite interaction and the swelling behavior of bentonite in connection with the general technological properties of bentonite molding mixture are summarized. Further, various types of methods for determination of bentonite thermostability are discussed, including instrumental analytical methods as well as methods that employ evaluation of various technological properties of bentonite binders and/or bentonite molding mixtures.

关键词： bentonite thermostability binder clay

Cancer stem cells,epithelial-mesenchymal transition,ATp and their roles in drug resistance in cancer

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2021年第3期4卷 684-709页

作者： Haiyun Zhang Alexander Steed milo Co Xiaozhuo Chen Department of Biological Science Ohio UniversityAthensOH 45701USA Edison Biotechnology Institute Ohio UniversityAthensOH 45701USA Interdisciplinary Graduate program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Ohio UniversityAthensOH 45701USA Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine Ohio UniversityAthensOH 45701USA Department of Biomedical Sciences Ohio UniversityAthensOH 45701USA.

The cancer stem cell(CSC)state and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)activation are tightly *** cells that acquire the EMT/CSC phenotype are equipped with adaptive metabolic changes to maintain low reactive oxygen species levels and stemness,enhanced drug transporters,anti-apoptotic machinery and DNA repair *** present in the tumor microenvironment such as hypoxia and the communication with non-cancer stromal cells also promote cancer cells to enter the EMT/CSC state and display related ***,particularly the high levels of intratumoral extracellular ATp functioning through both signaling pathways and ATp internalization,induces and regulates EMT and *** three of them work together to enhance drug *** findings in each of these factors will help us explore deeper into mechanisms of drug resistance and suggest new resistance-associated markers and therapeutic targets.

关键词： Tumor microenvironment macropinocytosis ATp internalization ABC transporters biological markers apoptosis

Simulation-based correction of dose enhancement factor values in photon brachytherapy with metal nanoparticle targeting

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2020年第11期31卷 93-106页

作者： Slobodan Milutinovic milos Vujisic School of Electrical Engineering University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of tht Republic of Serbia University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia

The purpose of this study is to investigate and quantify the influence of nanoparticle composition,size,and concentration on the difference between dose enhancement values derived from Monte Carlo simulations with homogeneous and structured geometrical representations of the target region in metal nanoparticle-enhanced photon *** of the dose enhancement factor(DEF)were calculated for pd-103,I-125,and Cs-131 brachytherapy sources with gold,silver,or platinum nanoparticles acting as targeting *** were performed using the Geant4 toolkit with condensed history models of electron *** limits were imposed on adjustable parameters that define secondary electron histories,so that simulations came closest to true event-byevent electron tracking,thereby allowing part of the nanoparticle-laden volume used for calculating the dose to be represented as a structured region with uniformly distributed discrete ***-tuned physical models of secondary radiation emission and propagation,along with the discrete geometrical representation of nanoparticles,result in a more realistic assessment of dose *** DEF correction coefficient is introduced as a metric that quantifies the absorption of secondary radiation inside the nanoparticles themselves,a phenomenon disregarded when the target region is treated as a homogeneous metal–tissue mixture,but accounted for by discrete nanoparticle *** approach applied to correcting DEF values both draws from and expands upon several related investigations published *** of the obtained results to those found in relevant references shows both agreement and deviation,depending on nanoparticle properties and photon energy.

关键词： Monte Carlo Brachytherapy Nanoparticles Dose enhancement Geant4

Optical properties of titanium oxide films obtained by cathodic arc plasma deposition

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plasma Science and Technology 2017年第12期19卷 111-118页

作者： Vukoman JOKANOVIC Bozana COLOVIC Anka TRAJKOVSKA pETKOSKA Ana MRAKOVIC Bojan JOKANOVIC milo NENADOVIC Manuela FERRARA llija NASOV Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences University of BelgradeMike Petrovica Alasa 12-1411001 BelgradeSerbia ALBOS Doo Orahovacka 1911000 BelgradeSerbia University St Kliment Ohridski Faculty of Technology and Technical SciencesVelesR.Macedonia4 GL groupWemer-von-Siemens-Straβe86405 MetingenGermany GL group Wemer-von-Siemens-Straβe86405 MetingenGermany TE-STT-SCIS Laboratorio Sviluppo Componenti ed Impianti SolariPiazzale Enrico Fermi 180055Porfici(NA)Italia plasma Doo 29 November 66/91000 SkopjeR.Macedonia

Structural and optical properties of nanometric titanium oxide（TixOy） films obtained by cathodic arc plasma deposition were investigated. phase analysis by x-ray diffraction and Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy showed the presence of anatase, rutile, Ti_2O_3, Ti_4O_7 and amorphous phases. Scanning electron microscopy images showed well-developed surface morphology with nano-patterns. Spectroscopic ellipsometry revealed film thicknesses of 53 and50 nm, variable refractive indices dependent on the light wavelength and close to zero extinction coefficients for wavelengths higher than 500 nm. On the basis of ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy data and using the Tauc equation, band gap values for direct and indirect electron transitions were determined.

关键词： optical materials plasma deposition thin films ellipsometry

The Impact of the Earth’s Movement through the Space on Measuring the Velocity of Light

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and physics 2016年第6期4卷 1168-1178页

作者： miloš Čojanović Independent Researcher Montreal Canada

Goal of this experiment is basically measuring the velocity of light. As usual we will measure two-way velocity of light (from A to B and back). In contrast to the similar experiments we will not assume that speeds of light from A to B and from B to A are equal. To achieve this we will take into account Earth’s movement through the space, rotation around its axis and apply “least squares method for cosine function”, which will be explained in Section 9. Assuming that direction East-West is already known, one clock, a source of light and a mirror, is all equipment we need for this experiment.

关键词： Speed of Light One Way Speed of Light Least Squares Method for Cosine Function

Spatial assessment of the areas sensitive to degradation in the rural area of the municipality (C)ukarica

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2019年第1期7卷 71-80页

作者： Natalija Momirovi(c) Ratko Kadovi(c) Veljko perovi(c) milo(s)Marjanovi(c) Aleksandar Baumgertel Institute of Forestry Kneza Vi(s)eslava 311030 BelgradeSerbia Faculty of Forestry University of BelgradeKneza Vi(s)eslava 111030 BelgradeSerbia Institute for Biological Research'Sini(s)a Stankovi(c)' University of BelgradeBulevar despota Stefana 14211060 BelgradeSerbia Faculty of Mining and Geology University of BelgradeDu(s)ina 711000 BelgradeSerbia

In this paper,the assessment of the sensitivity of the soil in the rural area of (C)ukarica municipality to the processes of degradation is *** areas,especially in the vicinity of large cities,are exposed to numerous processes of degradation:soil erosion,urban and industrial zone expansion at the expense of fertile agricultural soils,activation of landslides and a number of other significant ecological *** on the characteristics of the research area,the MEDALUS (Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use) model was applied,and for the assessment of sensitivity to the processes of degradation the main quality indicators were considered:soil,climate,vegetation and *** each of the analyzed quality indicators,parameter groups were *** parameter is quantified according to the defined method by giving them a sensitivity coefficient between 1.0 and *** 10.0 has been applied to analyze and prepare layers of quality ***,the geometric mean for all four quality indicators was used to generate the map of environmental sensitivity to *** results obtained show that 41.54% of the study area is classified as critical;22.34% of the surface as fragile;8.47% of the areas are potentially endangered and 9.58% not threatened to degradation *** results have also shown that MEDALUS model is a functional tool for simulations which support sustainable land management in the areas prone to degradation.

关键词： MEDALUS Land degradation Landslides Human pressures GIS mapping

Enhancement of the ‘tractor-beam’ pulling force on an optically bound structure

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Light(Science & Applications) 2017年第1期6卷 136-141页

作者： Jana Damková Lukáš Chvátal Jan Ježek Jindřich Oulehla Oto Brzobohatý pavel Zemánek Institute of Scientific Instruments of the CAS v.v.i.Královopolská147Brno 61264Czech Republic

Recently,increasing attention has been devoted to mastering a new technique of optical delivery of micro-objects tractorbeam’1–*** beams have uniform intensity profiles along their propagation direction and can exert a negative force that,in contrast to the familiar pushing force associated with radiation pressure,pulls the scatterer toward the light *** was experimentally observed that under certain circumstances,the pulling force can be significantly enhanced6 if a non-spherical scatterer,for example,a linear chain of optically bound objects10–12,is optically *** we demonstrate that motion of two optically bound objects in a tractor beam strongly depends on theirs mutual distance and spatial *** configuration-dependent optical forces add extra flexibility to our ability to control matter with *** these interactions opens the door to new applications involving the formation,sorting or delivery of colloidal self-organized structures.

关键词： beam scatter mutual

SoundMeGood: A Trust Model Supporting preliminary Trust Establishment Between Mutually Unknown Entities

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SoundMeGood: A Trust Model Supporting Preliminary Trust Esta...