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Non-Consumptive Activities on a Public Hunting and Fishing Area

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Natural Resources 2014年第14期5卷 876-883页

作者： Greg simpson michael E. Barnes timothy M. Parker Jill Voorhees South Dakota Department of Game Fish and Parks Rapid City South Dakota USA

The activities of all 1513 individuals who visited a public hunting and fishing area near Spearfish, South Dakota, USA, were recorded from May 16 to August 16, 2006. Over the entire period, slightly less than 60% of the visitors were engaged in fishing, and they accounted for nearly 80% of the total visitation time. Over 40% of the visitors were primarily there for non-consumptive (not hunting or fishing) reasons, including touring (sight-seeing), dog training and exercising, and swimming. Less than 1% of the visitors were there for photography. The percentage of visitors fishing decreased from a high of over 65% in the first 31-day period to less than 50% in the third 31-day period, with nearly all of the non-consumptive activities showing a reverse trend. The percentage of visitors swimming or conducting dog activities doubled from the first to third periods. The percentage of time that visitors spent fishing decreased over time, while the time spent on non-consumptive activities increased. However, the increase in non-consumptive activity time was not necessarily in proportion to the increase in the number of visitors involved with non-consumptive activities. By the final period, more visitors were at the area for touring, dogs, and swimming, than for fishing, but fishing still accounted for most of the visitation time. These results indicate an abundance of non-consumptive activities on a public area purchased and maintained with revenue from consumptive hunting and fishing activities, creating the opportunity for user conflicts and potentially threatening the user-pay model of natural resource conservation.

关键词： Public Land Fishing Hunting Non-Consumptive Activities Dogs Visitation

Press-pack IGBTs for HVDC and FACTS

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2017年第3期3卷 302-310页

作者： Robin simpson Ashley Plumpton michael Varley Charles Tonner Paul Taylor Xiaoping Dai Dynex Semiconductor Limited LincolnLN63LFUK

The popularity of insulated gate bipolar transistors(IGBTs)for use in high-voltage direct current(HVDC)transmission and flexible AC transmission systems(FACTS)is ***,for these applications wire-bond IGBT technology has a number of shortcomings,such as insufficient current ratings for the most powerful schemes,and inability to fail to ***-pack IGBT technology,conversely,offers increased current ratings,and an inherent short-circuit failure mode,making it a more attractive choice for HVDC and ***,the design and manufacture of these devices requires a comprehensive understanding of the unique technical challenges,which differ markedly from those for wirebond modules or traditional pressure contact *** challenges include providing a high degree of mechanical protection for the IGBT chip against normal operating ***,it is essential to achieve uniform contact pressure across each chip surface to ensure optimum *** achieve this,manufacturers have designed products that use rigid copper electrodes manufactured to tighter tolerances than for other pressure contact devices,such as thyristors,and products that use compliant electrodes,incorporating spring *** is in the advanced stages of development of press-pack IGBT technology with demonstrated robust solutions for the technical challenges outlined in this *** success has been achieved through the use of state-of-the-art simulations in conjunction with a long history of manufacturing expertise for bipolar and IGBT ***,multiple press-pack IGBT variants are currently undergoing evaluation tests prior to product release.

关键词： Flexible AC transmission systems HVDC transmission insulated gate bipolar transistors press-pack IGBT STATCOM VSC

The historyand aspirations of the Oxford English Dictionary:1857-2014 and beyond

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外语教学与研究 2014年第6期46卷 803-816页

作者： John simpson Chief Editor Oxford English Dictionary (1983-2013)

The Oxford English Dictionary(OED)was originally published between 1884 and 1928,but even today we are only scratching the surface of its full potential as a major searchable online *** article looks briefly at how and why the dictionary was originally established in the second half of the nineteenth century,before examining how today's editors are updating its content in the first comprehensive revision programme the dictionary has ever *** remainder of the article investigates the current online site and looks into the future—to see what strategies the dictionary is employing and imagining as it moves away from being a book on computer to becoming a fully-fledged online language resource.

关键词： dictionary briefly beyond examining originally becoming vocabulary today historical speakers

The IUGS Commission on Geological Sciences for Environmental Planning （COGEOENVIRONMENT） completes its term

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Episodes 2005年第1期28卷 64-65页

作者： simpson, CJ COGEOENVIRONM Chair 2000 2004 Torrens ACT 2607 Australia

During the last 2 years the IUGS has reviewed its Organisation and Operations to allow more efficient and effective administration into the future. Among the items reviewed was the life of Commissions which have now been defined at a maximum of 8 years. As a consequence COGEOENVIRONMENT, which has been in existence since early 1990, was formally closed down at the IGC in Florence in August 2004. The decision by the IUGS Council to close COGEOENVIRONMENT did not in any way imply that the role of the IUGS in promoting geoscience in environment matters was completed.

关键词：地质学环境规划 IUGS 工作思路发展目标

Collaborating remotely:an evaluation of immersive capabilities on spatial experiences and team membership

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2018年第4期11卷 420-436页

作者： Danielle Oprean Mark simpson Alexander Klippel Department of Architecture The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA Department of Geography The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA

Today’s workforce environments are steadily becoming more distributed across the globe,calling for improved ways of facilitating collaborations at a distance,including geo-collaborations or collaborations at critical *** technology is allowing distributed teams to move away from traditional conference rooms,taking collaborations into the field and giving remote teams more information about the *** idea of situating a remote collaborator’s experiences in the field,virtually,promises to enhance the understanding of geographically remote *** technologies in virtual reality(VR)hold promise for providing mobile spatial experiences in real-time,without being tied to fixed hardware,such as systems in conference *** exploratory study using VR technology on remote user experiences in a collaboration was conducted to identify the added value for remote *** findings suggest immersive capabilities improve feelings of presence in the remote locations and perceptions of being in the remote location increase feelings of team membership.

关键词： Presence geo-collaboration virtual reality

Two haplotype-resolved genomes reveal important flower traits in bigleaf hydrangea(Hydrangea macrophylla)and insights into Asterid evolution

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Horticulture Research 2023年第12期10卷 45-57页

作者： Xingbo Wu Sheron A.simpson Ramey C.Youngblood Xiaofen FLiu Brian E.Scheffler timothy A.Rinehart Lisa W.Alexander Amanda M.Hulse-Kemp Department of Environmental Horticulture Tropical Research and Education CenterUniversity of FloridaHomesteadFL 33031United States Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Unit USDA-ARSRaleighNC 27695United States Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Unit USDA-ARSStonevilleMS 38776United States Institute for Genomics Biocomputing and BiotechnologyMississippi State UniversityStarkvilleMS 39762United States Crop Production and Protection USDA-ARSBeltsvilleMD 20705United States Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit U.S.National ArboretumUSDA-ARSMcMinnvilleTN 37110United States Department of Crop and Soil Sciences North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695United States

The Hydrangea genus belongs to the Hydrangeaceae family,in the Cornales order of flowering plants,which early diverged among the Asterids,and includes several species that are commonly used ornamental *** them,Hydrangea macrophylla is one of the most valuable species in the nursery trade,yet few genomic resources are available for this crop or closely related Asterid *** high-quality haplotype-resolved reference genomes of hydrangea cultivars‘Veitchii’and‘Endless Summer’[highest quality at 2.22 gigabase pairs(Gb),396 contigs,N5022.8 megabase pairs(Mb)]were assembled and scaffolded into the expected 18 *** the newly developed high-quality reference genomes along with high-quality genomes of other related flowering plants,nuclear data were found to support a single divergence point in the Asterids clade where both the Cornales and Ericales diverged from the *** mapping with an F1 hybrid population demonstrated the power of linkage mapping combined with the new genomic resources to identify the gene for inflorescence shape,CYP78A5 located on chromosome 4,and a novel gene,BAM3 located on chromosome 17,for causing double *** developed in this study will not only help to accelerate hydrangea genetic improvement but also contribute to understanding the largest group of flowering plants,the Asterids.

关键词： Hydra traits resolved

Summary of East Gondwanan Conodont Data through the Ireviken Event at Boree Creek

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Journal of Earth Science 2021年第3期32卷 512-523页

作者： Andrew simpson David Mathieson Jiri Fryda Barbora Frydova Archives and Collections University LibraryMacquarie UniversitySydney NSW 2109Australia Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie UniversitySydney NSW 2109Australia Department of Environmental Geosciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague16500 PragueCzech Republic

The Ireviken Event was the first Middle Paleozoic event consisting of synchronised faunal,isotopic and facies change to be *** analysis of the conodont faunas throughout the Boree Creek/Borenore Limestone succession in the central western region of the Tasman fold belt of New South Wales(Australia)revealing all five conodont zones that comprise the event is *** some zonal boundaries are precise,allowing direct comparison of stratigraphic intervals on other paleo-continents,some can only be *** data from pre-Ireviken Event strata,in contrast,only permit the identification of a broad Telychian *** identification of Wenlock post-Ireviken Event conodont zones is incomplete due to lithological variability,namely the presence of tuffaceous beds near the top of the formation and an unconformity between the Boree Creek and overlying Borenore *** Boree Creek Formation contains the only example of the Ireviken Event discovered to date from the Tasman fold belt of eastern Gondwanaland.

关键词： conodonts extinction Ireviken Event Silurian Boree Creek eastern Gondwanaland

Nitro-PAH exposures of occupationally-exposed traffic workers and associated urinary 1-nitropyrene metabolite concentrations

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第11期28卷 213-221页

作者： Justin P.Miller-Schulze michael Paulsen Takayuki Kameda Akira Toriba Kazuichi Hayakawa Brandon Cassidy Luke Naeher Manuel Aguilar Villalobos Christopher D.simpson Department of Chemistry University of Washington WA 98195-1700 USA. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences University of Washington WA 98195 Seattle USA Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry Instkute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences Faculty of Pharmacy Kanazawa UniversityKakurna-machi Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Kanazawa University Kakma-machi Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan Department of Enuironmental Health Sciences University of Georgia Athens CA 30602-2102 USA Asociacion del Aire Ambiental Lima Peru

The assessment of occupational exposure to diesel exhaust（DE） is important from an epidemiological perspective. Urinary biomarkers of exposure have been proposed as a novel approach for measuring exposure to DE. In this study, we measured the concentrations of two urinary metabolites of 1-nitropyrene（1NP）, a nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that has been suggested as a molecular marker of diesel particulate matter. These two metabolites, 6-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene and 8-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene, were determined in urine samples（10 m L） from a small group of workers who were occupationally-exposed to vehicle exhaust in Trujillo, Peru, before and after their workshifts. Workshift exposures to1 NP, as well as PM_（2.5）, 2-nitropyrene and 2-nitrofluoranthene, were also *** to 1NP were similar in all studied workers, averaging 105 ± 57.9 pg/m^3（±standard deviation）. Median urinary concentrations of the average of the pre- and post-exposure samples for 6-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene and 8-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene, were found to be 3.9 and 2.3 pg metabolite/mg creatinine, respectively in the group of occupationally-exposed subjects（n = 17） studied. A direct relationship between workshift exposure to 1NP and urinary 1NP metabolites concentrations was not observed. However,the 1NP exposures and the creatinine-corrected urinary concentrations of the hydroxynitropyrene metabolites in these Peruvian traffic workers were similar to occupationally-exposed taxi drivers in Shenyang, China, and were higher than biomarker levels in office workers from Trujillo without occupational exposure to vehicle *** study provides further evidence that urinary metabolites of 1NP are associated with exposure to DE and may serve as a useful exposure biomarker.

关键词： Urinary biomarkers 1-Nitropyrene Diesel particulate matter

Identification of isopeptidase activity in the midgut of insects： Purification, properties and nutritional ecology of a Hofmannophila pseudospretella （Lepidoptera： Oecophoridae） larval enzyme

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Insect Science 2010年第4期17卷 325-334页

作者： Robert M. simpson John T. Christeller Plant and Food Research Institute Tennant Drive Palmerston North 4474 Private Bag 11 030 New Zealand

A γ-glutamyl transpeptidase （isopeptidase） has been purified 580-fold to homogeneity from the midgut of keratinophagous larvae of Hofmannophila pseudospretella. The enzyme is a single polypeptide of molecular mass 80 kDa. The enzyme was identified by its hydrolytic activity against the synthetic substrate, γ-glutamyl-AMC, its molecular mass and inhibition profile compared to other γ-glutamyl transpeptidases. The enzyme is low or absent from most other insect digestive systems apart from other keratinophagous lepidopteran larvae and predatory carabids. While isopepfide bonds are present in high levels of the proteins in the diet of keratinophages, their presence in the diet of predatory beetles has not been established.

关键词： γ-glutamyl transpeptidase Hofmannophila pseudospretella isopeptidase,keratinophagous nutritional ecology