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Semistructured interviewing in primary care research:a balance of relationship and rigour

Family Medicine and Community Health 2019年第2期7卷 30-37页

作者： melissa dejonckheere Lisa M Vaughn Department of Family Medicine University of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA Division of Emergency Medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA

Semistructured in-depth interviews are commonly used in qualitative research and are the most frequent qualitative data source in health services *** method typically consists of a dialogue between researcher and participant,guided by a flexible interview protocol and supplemented by follow-up questions,probes and *** method allows the researcher to collect open-ended data,to explore participant thoughts,feelings and beliefs about a particular topic and to delve deeply into personal and sometimes sensitive *** purpose of this article was to identify and describe the essential skills to designing and conducting semistructured interviews in family medicine and primary care research *** reviewed the literature on semistructured interviewing to identify key skills and components for using this method in family medicine and primary care research ***,semistructured interviewing requires both a relational focus and practice in the skills of *** include:(1)determining the purpose and scope of the study;(2)identifying participants;(3)considering ethical issues;(4)planning logistical aspects;(5)developing the interview guide;(6)establishing trust and rapport;(7)conducting the interview;(8)memoing and reflection;(9)analysing the data;(10)demonstrating the trustworthiness of the research;and(11)presenting findings in a paper or *** interviews provide an effective and feasible research method for family physicians to conduct in primary care research *** using semistructured interviews for data collection should take on a relational focus and consider the skills of interviewing to ensure *** interviewing can be a powerful tool for family physicians,primary care providers and other health services researchers to use to understand the thoughts,beliefs and experiences of *** the utility,semistructured interviews can be intimidating and challenging for

关键词： interview qualitative thoughts

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基层保健研究中的半结构化访谈:关系与严谨的平衡

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中国全科医学 2019年第23期22卷 2786-2792页

作者： melissa dejonckheere Lisa M Vaughn 赵新月(译) 韩建军许岩丽杨辉(审校) 密歇根大学家庭医学部美国密歇根州安娜堡市48109 辛辛那提医学院儿科美国俄亥俄州辛辛那提市45221 辛辛那提儿童医院医疗中心急诊科美国俄亥俄州辛辛那提市45229 中国全科医学杂志社北京市100053 Monash University MelbourneAustralia 3168

半结构化深度访谈常用于定性研究,是健康服务研究中最常见的定性数据来源。这种方法通常包括研究者和参与者之间的对话,在可灵活调整的访谈协议框架下,辅以后续问题、调查和评价。该方法允许研究者收集开放式数据,探索参与者对某一特定... 详细信息

半结构化深度访谈常用于定性研究,是健康服务研究中最常见的定性数据来源。这种方法通常包括研究者和参与者之间的对话,在可灵活调整的访谈协议框架下,辅以后续问题、调查和评价。该方法允许研究者收集开放式数据,探索参与者对某一特定主题的想法、感受和信念,深入研究个人问题,有时是敏感问题。本文旨在确定和描述在家庭医学和基层保健研究环境中设计和进行半结构化访谈的基本技能。本文回顾了有关半结构化访谈的文献,以确定在家庭医学和基层保健研究环境中使用这种方法的关键技能和内容。总的来说,半结构化访谈既需要关注关系,也需要促进技能的实践。技能包括:(1)确定研究的目的和范围;(2)确定参与者;(3)考虑道德伦理问题;(4)规划后勤方面;(5)制定访谈指南;(6)建立信任和融洽关系;(7)进行访谈;(8)记录和反思;(9)分析数据;(10)证明研究的可信程度;(11)在论文或者报告中展示研究结果。半结构化访谈为家庭医生在基层保健研究环境中进行研究提供了一种有效、可行的研究方法。采用半结构化访谈进行数据收集的研究者应关注关系,并注意访谈技能,以确保质量。半结构化访谈可以成为家庭医生、基层保健从业人员和其他卫生服务研究者用来了解个人想法、信念和经验的一个强有力工具。尽管如此,对于不熟悉定性方法的研究者来说,半结构化访谈可能让人感到害怕,颇具挑战。为了阐明这一方法,本文为研究者(包括新手和资源较少的研究者)提供了实践指导,使其能够运用半结构化访谈来进行数据收集。为了在家庭医学和基层保健研究环境中更好地实施半结构化访谈,本文给出了必要步骤的建议。

关键词：初级卫生保健研究方法半结构化访谈家庭医学全科医学卫生服务研究

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A lead role for a“secondary”axonal injury response

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 469-470页

作者： melissa A.Rudy Trent A.Watkins Division of Neuroimmunology and Glial Biology Department of NeurologyUniversity of California at San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA Development Disease Modelsand Therapeutics Graduate ProgramBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA

Stress signaling following axon injury stimulates a transcriptional program for regeneration that might be exploited to promote central nervous system ***,this stress response drives neuronal apoptosis in non-regenerative *** duality presents a quandary for the development of therapeutic interventions:manipulating stress signaling to enhance recovery of damaged neurons risks accelerating neurodegeneration or restricting regenerative *** dichotomy is well illustrated by the fates of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)following optic nerve *** this central nervous system injury model,disruption of a stress-activated MAP kinase(MAPK)cascade blocks the extensive apoptosis of RGCs that occurs in wild-type mice(Watkins et al.,2013;Welsbie et al.,2017).

关键词： injury axonal stress

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Chondroitinase ABC combined with Schwann cell transplantation enhances restoration of neural connection and functional recovery following acute and chronic spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1467-1482页

作者： Wenrui Qu Xiangbing Wu Wei Wu Ying Wang Yan Sun Lingxiao Deng melissa Walker Chen Chen Heqiao Dai Qi Han Ying Ding Yongzhi Xia George Smith Rui Li Nai-Kui Liu Xiao-Ming Xu Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group Stark Neurosciences Research InstituteDepartment of Neurological SurgeryIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA Department of Hand Surgery the Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center Temple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA Department of Anatomy&Cell Biology Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA

Schwann cell transplantation is considered one of the most promising cell-based therapy to repair injured spinal cord due to its unique growth-promoting and myelin-forming properties.A the Food and Drug Administration-approved Phase I clinical trial has been conducted to evaluate the safety of transplanted human autologous Schwann cells to treat patients with spinal cord injury.A major challenge for Schwann cell transplantation is that grafted Schwann cells are confined within the lesion cavity,and they do not migrate into the host environment due to the inhibitory barrier formed by injury-induced glial scar,thus limiting axonal reentry into the host spinal *** we introduce a combinatorial strategy by suppressing the inhibitory extracellular environment with injection of lentivirus-mediated transfection of chondroitinase ABC gene at the rostral and caudal borders of the lesion site and simultaneously leveraging the repair capacity of transplanted Schwann cells in adult rats following a mid-thoracic contusive spinal cord *** report that when the glial scar was degraded by chondroitinase ABC at the rostral and caudal lesion borders,Schwann cells migrated for considerable distances in both rostral and caudal *** Schwann cell migration led to enhanced axonal regrowth,including the serotonergic and dopaminergic axons originating from supraspinal regions,and promoted recovery of locomotor and urinary bladder ***,the Schwann cell survival and axonal regrowth persisted up to 6 months after the injury,even when treatment was delayed for 3 months to mimic chronic spinal cord *** findings collectively show promising evidence for a combinatorial strategy with chondroitinase ABC and Schwann cells in promoting remodeling and recovery of function following spinal cord injury.

关键词： axonal regrowth bladder function chondroitinase ABC functional recovery glial scar lentivirus migration Schwann cell spinal cord injury transplantation

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Mitochondrial Complex I deficiency: guilty in Parkinson’s disease

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第5期7卷 1371-1372页

作者： melissa Vos Institute of Neurogenetics University of LuebeckUKSHRatzeburger Allee 16023562LuebeckGermany

Mitochondrial Complex I(MCI)deficiency has been abundantly observed in Parkinson’s disease(PD);however,it remained elusive if this was a consequence of the disease defects or rather *** work in Nature by Gonzalez-Rodriguez and colleagues discovered MCI dysfunction to be sufficient to cause progressive parkinsonism.1 PD is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra that is responsible for impaired motor function.

关键词： impaired function. Complex

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Novel insights in phosphodiesterase 4 subtype inhibition to target neuroinflammation and stimulate remyelination

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 493-494页

作者： melissa Schepers Tim Vanmierlo Department of Neuroscience Biomedical Research InstituteFaculty of Medicine and Life SciencesHasselt UniversityHasseltBelgium Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology School for Mental Health and NeuroscienceMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtNetherlands University MS Center(UMSC)Hasselt-Pelt HasseltBelgium

In neurodegenerative and classically demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis(MS),spinal cord injury(SCI),stroke,and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease,glial functioning is compromised and nervous tissue integrity is ***,primary neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS),and Parkinson’s disease(PD)are increasingly linked to impaired oligodendroglia functioning upon *** to the destructive micro-environment created by nervous tissue damage,the progressive cellular loss in these disorders,and the amitotic nature of neurons,spontaneous endogenous repair process are limited in ***,there is a medical need for efficient therapeutic strategies capable of supporting neuro-reparative processes to occur,likely supported by improved oligodendroglia cell functioning.

关键词： impaired inflammation Marie

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Shared decision-making in stroke:an evolving approach to improved patient care

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2017年第2期2卷 84-87页

作者： melissa J Armstrong Department of Neurology University of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA

Shared decision-making(SDM)occurs when patients,families and clinicians consider patients’values and preferences alongside the best medical evidence and partner to make the best decision for a given patient in a specific *** is increasingly promoted within Western contexts and is also being explored outside such settings,including in *** and tools to promote SDM can improve patients’knowledge/understanding,participation in the decision-making process,satisfaction and trust in the healthcare *** has also proposed long-term benefits to patients,clinicians,organisations and healthcare *** successfully perform SDM,clinicians must know their patients’values and goals and the evidence underlying different diagnostic and treatment *** is relevant for decisions throughout stroke care,from thrombolysis to goals of care,diagnostic assessments,rehabilitation strategies,and secondary stroke *** physician,patient,family,cultural and system barriers to SDM *** to overcome these barriers and facilitate SDM include clinician motivation,patient participation,adequate time and tools to support the process,such as decision *** research about SDM in stroke care is lacking,decision aids are available for select decisions,such as anticoagulation for stroke prevention in atrial *** research is needed regarding both cultural aspects of successful SDM and application of SDM to stroke-specific contexts.

关键词： prevention overcome outside

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Data-driven prediction of plate velocities and plate deformation of explosive reactive armor

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2022年第12期18卷 2141-2149页

作者： Marvin Becker Andreas Klavzar Thomas Wolf melissa Renck Institute of Saint-Louis 5 Rue du Général Cassagnou68330Saint LouisCedexFrance Ecole Centrale de Lille CitéScientifique59651Villeneuve d'AscqCedexFrance

Explosive reactive armor(ERA)is currently being actively developed as a protective system for mobile devices against ballistic threats such as kinetic energy penetrators and shaped-charge *** mobility,the aim is to design a protection system with a minimal amount of required *** efficiency of an ERA is sensitive to the impact position and the timing of the ***,different designs have to be tested for several impact scenarios to identify the best *** analytical models are not predicting the behavior of the ERA accurately enough and experiments,as well as numerical simulations,are too time-consuming,a data-driven model to estimate the displacements and deformation of plates of an ERA system is proposed *** ground truth for the artificial neural network(ANN)is numerical simulation results that are validated with *** ANN approximates the plate positions for different materials,plate sizes,and detonation point positions with sufficient accuracy in *** a future investigation,the results from the model can be used to estimate the interaction of the ERA with a given ***,a measure for the effectiveness of an ERA can be ***,an optimal ERA can be designed and analyzed for any possible impact scenario in negligible time.

关键词： Artificial neural network Explosive reactive armor Finite element simulation Particle simulation Flash X-ray

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Forgotten node:A case report

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第39期15卷 4974-4975页

作者： Patrick M Fratellone melissa A Holowecki Fratellone Medical Associates

Sister Mary Joseph nodule or node refers to a palpable nodule bulging into the umbilicus and is usually a result of a malignant cancer in the pelvis or *** it has been considered a sign of ominous *** malignancies,most commonly gastric,colon and pancreatic cancer account for about 52% of the underlying *** cancers,most commonly ovarian and uterine cancers account for about 28% of the sources.

关键词： Umbilical node Sister Mary Joseph node Gastroenterology Gastric malignancies Endometriosis

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Odor cues rather than personality affect tadpole deposition in a neotropical poison frog

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Current Zoology 2024年第3期70卷 332-342页

作者： melissa Peignier Max Ringler Eva Ringler Division of Behavioural Ecology Institute of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of BernCH-3032 HinterkappelenSwitzerland Messerli Research Institute University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna1210 ViennaAustria Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology University of Vienna1030 ViennaAustria Department of Evolutionary Biology University of Vienna1030 ViennaAustria lnstitute of Electronic Music and Acoustics University of Music and Performing Arts Graz8010 GrazAustria

Animals constantly need to evaluate available external and internal information to make appropriate ***,assessing,and acting on relevant cues in contexts such as mate choice,intra-sexual competition,and parental care is particularly important for optimizing individual reproductive *** factors can infuence decision-making,such as external environmental cues and the animal’s own internal state,yet,we have limited knowledge on how animals integrate available ***,we used an entire island population(57 males,53 females,and 1,109 tadpoles)of the neotropical brilliant-thighed poison frog Allobates femoralis to investigate how 2 factors(olfactory cues and personality traits)infuence the ability of males to fnd and use new resources for tadpole *** experimentally manipulated the location of tadpole deposition sites and their associated olfactory cues,and repeatedly measured exploration and boldness in adult *** further reconstructed tadpole deposition choices via inferred parent–offspring relationships of adult frogs and tadpoles deposited in our experimental pools using molecular parentage *** found that the discovery and use of new rearing sites were heavily infuenced by olfactory cues;however,we did not fnd an effect of the measured behavioral traits on resource discovery and *** conclude that in highly dynamic environments such as tropical rainforests,reliable external cues likely take priority over personality traits,helping individuals to discover and make use of reproductive resources.

关键词： animal personality Anura decision-making parental care tadpole transport

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