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A NUMERICAL METHOD FOR SIMULATING NONLINEAR FLUID-RIGID STRUCTURE INTERACTION PROBLEMS

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2005年第2期18卷 95-109页

作者： price W.G. The School of Engineering Sciences Ship ScienceUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO17 1BJEngland

A numerical method for simulating nonlinear fluid-rigid structure interaction problems is developed. The structure is assumed to undergo large rigid body motions and the fluid flow is governed by nonlinear, viscous or non-viscous, field equations with nonlinear boundary conditions applied to the free surface and fluid-solid interaction interfaces. An Arbitrary-LagrangianEulerian (ALE) mesh system is used to construct the numerical model. A multi-block numerical scheme of study is adopted allowing for the relative motion between moving overset grids, which are independent of one another. This provides a convenient method to overcome the difficulties in matching fluid meshes with large solid motions. Nonlinear numerical equations describing nonlinear fluid-solid interaction dynamics are derived through a numerical discretization scheme of study. A coupling iteration process is used to solve these numerical equations. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate applications of the model developed.

关键词： fluid-structure interaction nonlinear numerical analysis ALE description overset grids flow around bluff-body

A benchtop brain injury model using resected donor tissue from patients with Chiari malformation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第5期18卷 1057-1061页

作者： Jacqueline A.Tickle Jon Sen Christopher Adams David N.Furness Rupert price Viswapathi Kandula Nikolaos Tzerakis Divya M.Chari Aston Pharmacy School College of Health and Life SciencesAston UniversityBirminghamUK School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesKeele UniversityStaffordshireUK School of Life Sciences Keele UniversityStaffordshireUK Department of Neurosurgery Royal Stoke University HospitalStoke-on-TrentUK

The use of live animal models for testing new therapies for brain and spinal cord repair is a controversial area. Live animal models have associated ethical issues and scientific concerns regarding the predictability of human responses. Alternative models that replicate the 3 D architecture of the central nervous system have prompted the development of organotypic neural injury models. However, the lack of reliable means to access normal human neural tissue has driven reliance on pathological or post-mortem tissue which limits their biological utility. We have established a protocol to use donor cerebellar tonsillar tissue surgically resected from patients with Chiari malformation(cerebellar herniation towards the foramen magnum, with ectopic rather than diseased tissue) to develop an in vitro organotypic model of traumatic brain injury. Viable tissue was maintained for approximately 2 weeks with all the major neural cell types detected. Traumatic injuries could be introduced into the slices with some cardinal features of post-injury pathology evident. Biomaterial placement was also feasible within the in vitro lesions. Accordingly, this ‘proof-of-concept’ study demonstrates that the model offers potential as an alternative to the use of animal tissue for preclinical testing in neural tissue engineering. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that donor tissue from patients with Chiari malformation can be used to develop a benchtop model of traumatic brain injury. However, significant challenges in relation to the clinical availability of tissue were encountered, and we discuss logistical issues that must be considered for model scale-up.

关键词： biomaterial Chiari malformation cerebellar slice human tissue injury model neuroregeneration organotypic traumatic brain injury

Implications of membrane fouling toward the removal of the pharmaceutical sulfamethoxazole by nanofiltration processes

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2011年第8期12卷 575-582页

作者： Alexander SIMON William price Long Duc NGHIEM School of Civil Mining and Environmental Engineering the University of Wollongong School of Chemistry the University of Wollongong

The influence of membrane fouling on the retention of the trace organic contaminant sulfamethoxazole by a nanofiltration(NF) process was *** fouling caused a severe flux decline possibly due to pore blocking and adsorption directly after the commencement of the fouling layer *** membrane-foulant interactions were absent for colloidal fouling,which resulted in a more gradual flux *** charge played a significant role in the separation process of inorganic salts,where the retention was the highest in a caustic environment(high pH) due to more swollen membrane material caused by the higher negative charge on the *** fouling and a combination of colloidal and organic fouling led to a significant increase in the membrane negative *** influence of membrane fouling on solute retention was dependent on the fouling behaviour and the physicochemical properties of the model foulants,where the model foulants probably contributed to an increase in the retention of charged solutes due to enhanced electrostatic *** fouling caused an increase in the retention of inorganic salts and sulfamethoxazole due to pore *** contrast,colloidal fouling caused a decrease in the retention of inorganic salts due to cake-enhanced concentration ***,the presence of a colloidal fouling layer did not reduce the retention of sulfamethoxazole.A mixture of colloidal and organic matter improved the retention of inorganic salts.A similar conclusion can be inferred for sulfamethoxazole at pH 4 when the compound exists in a neutral form.

关键词： Nanofiltration(NF) Organic fouling Colloidal fouling Combined fouling Trace organics Water reuse

Methane dehydroaromatization–A study on hydrogen use for catalyst reduction, role of molybdenum, the nature of catalyst support and significance of Bronsted acid sites

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2019年第7期28卷 20-32页

作者： Vaidheeshwar Ramasubramanian Hema Ramsurn Geoffrey L.price Russell School of Chemical Engineering The University of Tulsa

Methane dehydroaromatization was studied over Mo/SiO2 and Mo/HZSM-5 with different Mo loadings(2, 5, 10 wt%) at 973 K and 1023 K in a recirculating batch reactor. H2 pretreatment at 1023 K prior to methane activation has significantly improved the catalyst activity with increase in Mo loading and reduced the induction time on benzene formation in both Mo/SiO2 and Mo/HZSM-5. 10 wt% Mo/HZSM-5 gave a maximum methane conversion of 19% and ~67% benzene selectivity at 1023 K. The XRD analysis of used catalysts revealed that the Mo O3 species were converted to β-Mo2C phase. Studies on Mo/SiO2 catalysts showed that benzene was formed even in the absence of acidic zeolite sites. Reactions of ethylene in the presence of pure silica, HZSM-5 and in a blank reactor revealed that conversion of ethylene to aromatics was similar in case of the blank reactor and silica. Thus, it is believed that molybdenum carbide sites act as active sites only for C–H bond activation of methane and ethylene formation. Even though, ethylene can undergo subsequent oligomerization without any catalytic aid to form benzene at973 K and above addition of acidic zeolites improved the selectivity of benzene.

关键词： Methane dehydroaromatization HZSM-5 Silica Molybdenum loading H2 pretreatment Acidic function

A DIRECT SEARCH FRAME-BASED CONJUGATE GRADIENTS METHOD

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2004年第4期22卷 489-500页

作者： I.D.Coope C.J.price DepartmentofMathematicsandStatistics UniversityofCanterburyPrivateBag4800ChristchurchNewZealand

A derivative-free frame-based conjugate gradients algorithm is presented. Convergence is shown for C^1 functions, and this is verified in numerical trials. The algorithm is tested on a variety of low dimensional problems, some of which are ill-conditioned, and is also tested on problems of high dimension. Numerical results show that the algorithm is effective on both classes of problems. The results are compared with those from a discrete quasiNewton method, showing that the conjugate gradients algorithm is competitive. The algorithm exhibits the conjugate gradients speed-up on problems for which the Hessian at the solution has repeated or clustered eigenvalues. The algorithm is easily parallelizable.

关键词： Conjugate gradients Derivative-free Frame-based methods Numerical results

Engineering heterogenous catalysts for chemical CO_(2) utilization:Lessons from thermal catalysis and advantages of yolk@shell structured nanoreactors

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第6期30卷 304-324,I0008页

作者： Cameron Alexander Hurd price Tomas Ramirez Reina Jian Liu DICP-Surrey Joint Centre for Future Materials Department of Chemical and Process EngineeringUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurrey GU27XHUK State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023LiaoningChina

The development of catalytic materials for the recycling CO_(2) through a myriad of available processes is an attractive field,especially given the current climate *** there is increasing publication in this field,the reported catalysts rarely deviate from the traditionally supported metal nanoparticle morphology,with the most simplistic method of enhancement being the addition of more metals to an already complex *** catalysts,especially yolk@shell catalysts with hollow voids,offer answers to the most prominent issues faced by this field,coking and sintering,and further potential for more advanced phenomena,for example,the confinement effect,to promote selectivity or offer greater protection against coking and *** work serves to demonstrate the current position of catalyst development in the fields of thermal CO_(2) reforming and hydrogenation,summarizing the most recent work available and most common metals used for these reactions,and how yolk@shell catalysts can offer superior performance and survivability in thermal CO_(2) reforming and hydrogenation to the more traditional ***,this work will briefly demonstrate the bespoke nature and highly variable yolk@shell ***,this review aims to illuminate the spatial confinement effect and how it enhances yolk@shell structured nanoreactors is presented.

关键词： Yolk@shell CO_(2)utilization Reforming Hydrogenation Confinement effect

Dissipative free-surface solver for potential flow around hydrofoil distributed with doublets

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2012年第11期33卷 1467-1480页

作者：陈志敏 W. G. price Ship Science University of Southampton

A doublet integral equation is formulated for the two-dimensional dissipative potential flow around a hydrofoil submerged below a free-water surface. The free-water surface is assumed to involve energy dissipation, and thus it is the source of damping. A doublet panel method is developed from incorporation of the dissipative Green function approach and the doublet distributions on the hydrofoil surface. Numerical computations are implemented, and the derived numerical results are in good agreement with analytic solutions and experimental measurements.

关键词： panel method potential flow free-surface wave energy dissipation hydro-foil

Epigenetic interventions for brain rejuvenation：anchoring age-related transposons

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第4期13卷 635-636页

作者： Adonis Sfera Lisa Fayard Carolina Osorio Amy price Department of Psychiatry Patton State HospitalPattonCAUSA Department of Psychiatry Loma Linda UniversityLoma LindaCAUSA Evidence-Based Medicine University of OxfordOxfordUK

Highlights：*** and homocysteine accumulation in aging neurons alter genomic *** altered methylome reactivates neuronal cell cycle,enabling transposable element *** R29/p53 axis restores age-related methylation shifts... 详细信息

关键词： Epigenetic interventions for brain rejuvenation:anchoring age-related transposons PUFAs DNA Figure TE cycle

MicroRNAs in cancer biology and therapy:Current status and perspectives

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Genes & Diseases 2014年第1期1卷 53-63页

作者： Colles price Jianjun Chen Section of Hematology/Oncology Department of MedicineUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIL 60637USA

The study of a class of small non-coding RNA molecules,named microRNAs(miRNAs),has advanced our understanding of many of the fundamental processes of cancer biology and the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor initiation and *** research has become more and more attractive as evidence is emerging that miRNAs likely play important regulatory roles virtually in all essential *** at this field over the past decade it becomes evident that our understanding of miRNAs remains rather *** research continues to reveal the mechanisms underlying cancer therapy efficacy,it is clear that miRNAs contribute to responses to drug therapy and are themselves modified by drug *** important area for miRNA research is to understand the functions of miRNAs and the relevant signaling pathways in the initiation,progression and drug-resistance of tumors to be able to design novel,effective targeted therapeutics that directly target pathologically essential miRNAs and/or their target *** area of increasing importance is the use of miRNA signatures in the diagnosis and prognosis of various types of *** the study of noncoding RNAs is increasingly more popular and important,it is without doubt that the next several years of miRNA research will provide more fascinating results.

关键词： Cancer biology Drug therapy miRNAs Nanoparticles Oncogene Tumor suppressor