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Artificial intelligence in gastroenterology: A state-of-the-art review

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第40期27卷 6794-6824页

作者： Paul T Kröner megan ml engels Benjamin S Glicksberg Kipp W Johnson Obaie Mzaik Jeanin E van Hooft Michael B Wallace Hashem B El-Serag Chayakrit Krittanawong Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo ClinicJacksonvilleFL 32224United States Cancer Center Amsterdam Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyAmsterdam UMCLocation AMCAmsterdam 1105The Netherlands The Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY 10029United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Leiden University Medical CenterAmsterdam 2300The Netherlands Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Sheikh Shakhbout Medical CityAbu Dhabi 11001United Arab Emirates Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Michael E.DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030United States Section of Health Services Research Michael E.DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030United States Section of Cardiology Michael E.DeBakey VA Medical CenterHoustonTX 77030United States

The development of artificial intelligence(AI)has increased dramatically in the last 20 years,with clinical applications progressively being explored for most of the medical *** field of gastroenterology and hepatology,substantially reliant on vast amounts of imaging studies,is not an *** clinical applications of AI systems in this field include the identification of premalignant or malignant lesions(e.g.,identification of dysplasia or esophageal adenocarcinoma in Barrett’s esophagus,pancreatic malignancies),detection of lesions(e.g.,polyp identification and classification,small-bowel bleeding lesion on capsule endoscopy,pancreatic cystic lesions),development of objective scoring systems for risk stratification,predicting disease prognosis or treatment response[e.g.,determining survival in patients post-resection of hepatocellular carcinoma),determining which patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)will benefit from biologic therapy],or evaluation of metrics such as bowel preparation score or quality of endoscopic *** objective of this comprehensive review is to analyze the available AI-related studies pertaining to the entirety of the gastrointestinal tract,including the upper,middle and lower tracts;IBD;the hepatobiliary system;and the pancreas,discussing the findings and clinical applications,as well as outlining the current limitations and future directions in this field.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Machine learning Deep learning Clinical applications Gastroenterology

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Mapping super-resolution image quality

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第2期13卷 178-180页

作者： megan A.Steves Ke Xu Department of Chemistry University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA

The local quality of super-resolution microscopy images can be assessed and mapped by rolling Fourier ring correlation,even when image quality varies within a single image.

关键词： image resolution Mapping

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Recent advances and future therapy development for Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1877-1878页

作者： megan Hong Gal Bitan Department of Neurology David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA Molecular Biology Institute University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA Brain Research Institute University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA

Over 55 million people globally live with Alzheimer’s disease(AD)or related dementias(ADRD)and the number is expected to double every twenty *** i l recent l y,onl y symptomatic treatments were available to patients with AD,including acetylcholine esterase inhibitors,of which the last one,galantamine,was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)in 2001.

关键词： Alzheimer globally patients

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Restimate:Recovery Estimation Tool for Resilience Planning

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2024年第1期5卷 47-63页

作者： Scott Miles megan Ly Nick Terry Youngjun Choe Department of Human Centered Design&Engineering Campus Box 352315University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195United States of America Department of Industrial&Systems Engineering Box 352650University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195United States of America

The *** Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST)published the Community Resilience Planning Guide in *** NIST Guide advocates for a participatory process for developing a performance measurement framework for the jurisdiction’s resilience against a scenario *** framework centers around tables of expected and desired recovery times for selected community assets,such as electricity,water,and natural gas *** NIST Guide does not provide a method for estimating the expected recovery ***,building high-fidelity computer models for such estimations requires substantial resources that even larger ju-risdictions cannot *** most promising approach to recovery time estimation is to systematically use data elicited from people to tap into the wisdom of the(knowledgeable)*** paper describes a novel research-through-design project to enable the computer-supported elicitation of recovery time series *** work is the first in the literature to examine people’s ability to estimate recovery curves and how design in-fluences such *** main contribution to resilience planning is three-fold:development of a new elicitation tool called Restimate,understanding its potential user base,and providing insights into how it can facilitate resilience *** is the first tool to enable evidence-based expert elicitation in any community with limited resources for resilience *** resilience planning,those who facilitate high-stakes planning activities under large uncertainties(e.g.,mission-critical system design and planning)will benefit from a similar research-through-design process.

关键词： expert elicitation disaster natural hazard infrastructure community resilience restoration user-centered design computer-supported cooperative work

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Approach to traumatic cardiac arrest in the emergency department: a narrative literature review for emergency providers

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第1期15卷 3-9页

作者： Rashed Alremeithi Quincy K.Tran megan T.Quintana Soroush Shahamatdar Ali Pourmand Department of Emergency Medicine George Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesWashington DC 20037USA Department of Emergency Medicine University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimore 21201USA Program in Trauma the R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma CenterUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimore 21201USA Center for Trauma and Critical Care Department of Surgerythe George Washington University School of Medicine&Health SciencesWashington DC 20037USA

BACKGROUND:Traumatic cardiac arrest(TCA)is a major contributor to mortality and morbidity in all age groups and poses a significant burden on the healthcare *** there have been advances in treatment modalities,survival rates for TCA patients remain *** narrative literature review critically examines the indications and eff ectiveness of current therapeutic approaches in treating ***:We performed a literature search in the PubMed and Scopus databases for studies published before December 31,*** search was refi ned by combining search terms,examining relevant study references,and restricting publications to the English *** the search,943 articles were retrieved,and two independent reviewers conducted a screening ***:A review of various studies on pre-and intra-arrest prognostic factors showed that survival rates were higher when patients had an initial shockable *** were conflicting results regarding other prognostic factors,such as witnessed arrest,bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR),and the use of prehospital or in-hospital *** thoracotomy was found to result in more favorable outcomes in cases of penetrating trauma than in those with blunt *** endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta(REBOA)provides an advantage to emergency thoracotomy in terms of occupational safety for the operator as an alternative in managing hemorrhagic *** implemented in the setting of aortic occlusion,emergency thoracotomy and REBOA resulted in comparable mortality ***-venous extracorporeal life support(V-V ECLS)and veno-arterial extracorporeal life support(V-A ECLS)are viable options for treating respiratory failure and cardiogenic shock,*** the context of traumatic injuries,V-V ECLS has been associated with higher rates of survival to discharge than V-A ***:TCA remains a signifi cant challenge for emergency medical services due to its high m

关键词： Traumatic cardiac arrest Emergency thoracotomy Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta

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Gastroesophageal signet ring cell carcinoma morbidity and mortality: A retrospective review

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第6期16卷 1629-1636页

作者： megan Grinlinton Chris Furkert Andrew Maurice Neville Angelo Michael Booth Department of General Surgery North Shore HospitalAuckland 0620New Zealand Department of Pathology North Shore HospitalAuckland 0620New Zealand

BACKGROUND Upper gastrointestinal(GI)signet ring cell carcinomas(SRCC)confer a poor *** benefit of operative intervention for this patient group is contro-versial in terms of overall *** To investigate factors relating to survival in patients with upper GI *** A retrospective,tertiary,single-centre review of patients who were diagnosed with oesophageal,gastroesophageal junction and gastric SRCC was *** primary outcome was to compare mortality of patients who underwent operative management with those who had nonoperative ***-dary outcomes included assessing the relationship between demographic and histopathological factors,and *** One hundred and thirty-one patients were *** one-year survival for the operative group was 81%and for the nonoperative group was 19.1%.The five-year survival in the operative group was 28.6%vs 1.5%in the nonoperative *** difference in overall survival between groups was statistically significant(HR 0.19,95%CI(0.13-0.30),P<0.001).There was no difference in survival when ad-justing for age,smoking status or *** multivariate analysis,patients who underwent surgical management,those with a lower stage of disease,and those with a lower Charlson Comorbidity Index(CCI)had significantly improved *** Well-selected patients with upper GI SRCC appear to have reasonable medium-term survival following *** surgery to a carefully selected patient group may improve the outcome for this disease.

关键词： Signet ring cell carcinoma Gastric cancer Oesophageal cancer Poorly cohesive gastric cancer Diffuse gastric cancer

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Implementation of an international medical student pen-pal club:survey outcomes of perceptions in cultural competency and global health

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Global Health Journal 2024年第1期8卷 11-15页

作者： Max J.Goodman Jennifer Livschitz Ji Won Kim megan L.Schultz Medical College of Wisconsin MilwaukeeWI 53226USA Department of Pediatrics Division of Emergency MedicineMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI53226USA

Background:Pen-pal clubs(PPC)are used worldwide for students to learn about different cultures and other skillsets without the need for *** medical students are interested in global health opportunities abroad but costs,scheduling,and other barriers allow few to participate in such *** is important that medical students have nuanced global medical perspectives and can contribute to the global medical ***:The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that an international medical student PPC improves medical students'perspectives of cultural competency and global health ***:In 2021,a novel medical student PPC was established that began between an American and Japanese medical *** a shareholders meeting,it was decided that the number of medical schools involved globally be expanded through previous institutional affiliations and online *** total,the club connected 50 American medical students and 52 medical students from 17 high-and middle-income *** primary form of communication was online;pen-pals were encouraged to communicate monthly using provided topics,although frequency and way of communication was their *** February 2022,American PPC members were emailed a qualitative survey to assess the PPC's ***:The survey was completed by 42%of American PPC members,95%of which were 22-26 *** were preclinical medical students,60%whom were female and the majority either white(47%)or Asian(43%).Overall,the PPC positively influenced American medical students'perception of global medicine,medical education,and their cultural competency after joining the PPC compared to prior(P=0.004).Conclusion:PPCs encourage medical students to think from a global perspective and foster open-mindedness within varying social and cultural *** a global communication platform for students during medical school education may be an additional way to train aspiring global l

关键词： Pen-pals Medical student Global health Cultural competency

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Simultaneous genetic transformation and genome editing of mixed lines in soybean(Glycine max)and maize(Zea mays)

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aBIOTECH 2024年第2期5卷 169-183页

作者： Michelle Valentine David Butruille Frederic Achard Steven Beach Brent Brower-Toland Edward Cargill megan Hassebrock Jennifer Rinehart Thomas Ream Yurong Chen Bayer Crop Science 700 Chesterfield Parkway WChesterfieldMO 63017USA

Robust genome editing technologies are becoming part of the crop breeding ***,genome editing is usually conducted either at a single locus,or multiple loci,in a variety at one *** parallel genomics platforms,multifaceted genome editing capabilities,and flexible transformation systems enable targeted variation at nearly any locus,across the spectrum of genotypes within a *** demonstrate here the simultaneous transformation and editing of many genotypes,by targeting mixed seed embryo explants with genome editing machinery,followed by re-identification through genotyping after plant *** and Editing of Mixed Lines(TREDMIL)produced transformed individuals representing 101 of 104(97%)mixed elite genotypes in soybean;and 22 of 40(55%)and 9 of 36(25%)mixed maize female and male elite inbred genotypes,*** of edited genotypes for the regenerated individuals identified over 800 distinct edits at the Determinate1(Dt1)locus in samples from 101 soybean genotypes and 95 distinct Brown midrib3(Bm3)edits in samples from 17 maize *** results illustrate how TREDMIL can help accelerate the development and deployment of customized crop varieties for future precision breeding.

关键词： Maize Soybean Seed embryo explants TREDMIL Genetic transformation Genome editing

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Organ and function preservation in gastrointestinal cancer: Current and future perspectives on endoscopic ablation

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第6期16卷 282-291页

作者： Youssef Yousry Soliman megan Soliman Shravani Reddy James Lin Toufic Kachaamy Department of Gastroenterology City of Hope PhoenixGoodyearAZ 85338United States Department of Medicine Medical ConsultingGoodyearAZ 85395United States Department of Gastroenterology University of California IrvineIrvineCA 92697United States Department of Gastroenterology City of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteCA 91010United States

The escalating prevalence of gastrointestinal cancers underscores the urgency for transformative *** treatment costs amount to billions of dollars annually,combined with the risks and comorbidities associated with invasive *** highlights the importance of less invasive alternatives with organ preservation being a central aspect of the treatment *** current standard of care typically involves neoadjuvant systemic therapy followed by surgical *** is a growing interest in organ preservation approaches by way of minimizing extensive surgical *** ablation has proven to be useful in precursor lesions,as well as in palliative cases of unrese-ctable *** recently,there has been an increase in reports on the utility of adjunct endoscopic ablative techniques for downstaging disease as well as contributing to non-surgical complete clinical *** expansive field within endoscopic oncology holds great potential for advancing patient *** addressing challenges,fostering collaboration,and embracing technological advancements,the gastrointestinal cancer treatment paradigm can shift towards a more sustainable and patient-centric future emphasizing organ and function *** editorial examines the evolving landscape of endoscopic ablation strategies,emphasizing their potential to improve patient *** briefly review current applications of endoscopic ablation in the esophagus,stomach,duodenum,pancreas,bile ducts,and colon.

关键词： Gastrointestinal cancer Endoscopic ablation Organ preservation Complete clinical response Neoadjuvant therapy Endoscopic oncology Palliative treatment

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World NTD Day 2022 and a new Kigali Declaration to galvanise commitment to end neglected tropical diseases

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第1期11卷 5-7页

作者： Thoko Elphick-Pooley Dirk engels on behalf of Uniting to Combat NTDs Hove EnglandUK Commugny VaudSwitzerland 不详

The World Health Organization’s first roadmap and the London Declaration on neglected tropical diseases(NTDs)have allowed an unprecedented expansion of interventions to control and eliminate this group of infectious diseases that primarily affects vulnerable or marginalised *** 2021-2030 NTD roadmap sustains a further acceleration of interventions but also introduces a broader and more ambitious agenda,calling to be accompanied by a new political *** by the Government of Rwanda,the Kigali Declaration on neglected tropical diseases will be launched in 2022 to renew and reinvigorate commitments to end NTDs,also in the wake of the current setback caused by the COVID-19 *** on World NTD Day 2022,a global campaign"100%Committed"will call on a broad range of stakeholders to sign the declaration and make bold financial and political commitments towards achieving the 2030 roadmap and Sustainable Development Goals'targets for NTDs.

关键词： Neglected tropical diseases Kigali Declaration World Health Organization NTD roadmap World NTD Day 100 Committed

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