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Organochlorides Mediate Oxidation Reactions Induced by Low Dose Ionizing Radiation

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第7期6卷 1712-1720页

作者： Juncheng Liu Tobias G.Brevé Bing Xu peter-Leon Hagedoorn Antonia G.Denkova Rienk Eelkema Department of Radiation Science and Technology Delft University of Technology2629 JB Delft Department of Chemical Engineering Delft University of Technology2629 HZ Delft Department of Biotechnology Delft University of Technology2629 HZ Delft

The controlled release of drugs using local ionizing radiation presents a promising approach for targeted cancer treatment,particularly when applied in concurrent *** these approaches,radiation-generated reactive species often play an important ***,the reactive species that can be used to trigger release have low yield and lack ***,we demonstrate the generation of highly oxidative species when aqueous solutions containing low concentrations of organochlorides(such as chloroform)are irradiated with ionizing radiation at therapeutically relevant *** reactive species were identified as peroxyl radicals,which formed in a reaction cascade between organochlorides and aqueous *** employed stilbene-based probes to investigate the oxidation process,showing double bond oxidation and *** translate this reactivity into a radiation-sensitive material,we synthesized a micelle-forming amphiphilic block copolymer that has stilbene as the linker between two *** exposure to ionizing radiation,the oxidation of stilbene led to the cleavage of the polymer,which induces the dissociation of the block-copolymer micelles and the release of loaded drugs.

关键词： drug delivery micelles radiation chemistry reactive oxygen species ionizing radiation reaction mechanisms

Thin-Shell Wormholes Admitting Conformal Motions in Spacetimes of Embedding Class One

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International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第3期14卷 162-171页

作者： peter K. F. Kuhfittig Department of Mathematics Milwaukee School of Engineering Milwaukee USA

This paper discusses the feasibility of thin-shell wormholes in spacetimes of embedding class one admitting a one-parameter group of conformal motions. It is shown that the surface energy density σis positive, while the surface pressure is negative, resulting in , thereby signaling a violation of the null energy condition, a necessary condition for holding a wormhole open. For a Morris-Thorne wormhole, matter that violates the null energy condition is referred to as “exotic”. For the thin-shell wormholes in this paper, however, the violation has a physical explanation since it is a direct consequence of the embedding theory in conjunction with the assumption of conformal symmetry. These properties avoid the need to hypothesize the existence of the highly problematical exotic matter.

关键词： Thin-Shell Wormholes Conformal Symmetry Embedding Class One Exotic Matter

Macroscopic Traversable Wormholes: Minimum Requirements

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International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第3期14卷 230-243页

作者： peter K. F. Kuhfittig Department of Mathematics Milwaukee School of Engineering Milwaukee USA

While wormholes are just as good a prediction of Einstein’s theory as black holes, they are subject to severe restrictions from quantum field theory. To allow for the possibility of interstellar travel, a macroscopic wormhole would need to maintain sufficiently low radial tidal forces. It is proposed in this paper that the assumption of zero tidal forces, i.e., the limiting case, is sufficient for overcoming the restrictions from quantum field theory. The feasibility of this approach is subsequently discussed by 1) introducing the additional conditions needed to ensure that the radial tidal forces can indeed be sufficiently low and 2) by viewing traversable wormholes as emergent phenomena, thereby increasing the likelihood of their existence.

关键词： Morris-Thorne Wormholes Traversability Minimum Requirements Stability Compatibility with Quantum Field Theory

Knowledge of Risk Factors for Hypertension among University Students in Northwestern Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第3期14卷 471-479页

作者： peter Masikini Irene Constantine Stanley Mwita Department of Internal Medicine Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Mwanza Tanzania Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Mwanza Tanzania

Introduction: Obesity, excessive alcohol use, cigarette smoking, a lack of physical activity, stress, and an unhealthy diet are modifiable risk factors linked to hypertension. Non-modifiable risk factors for hypertension include older age and a family history of hypertension. The purpose of this study was to assess university students’ knowledge of hypertension risk factors. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at St. Augustine University of Tanzania. A pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Out of a total score of eight, a score of four or more was considered good knowledge, and a score of less than four was considered poor. All sociodemographic characteristics were included in logistic regression to calculate the adjusted odds ratio. Results: A total of 390 undergraduate students participated in this study. Most of the participants 266 (68.2%) identified stress as a risk factor for hypertension. The median (IQR) knowledge score was 2 (2 - 3). Overall, only 43 (11.0%) of the participants had good knowledge of risk factors for hypertension. However, none of the sociodemographic factors were associated with a good level of knowledge of risk factors for hypertension. Conclusion: Our findings highlight poor knowledge of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for hypertension among university students in northwestern Tanzania. Only stress and older age were known by more than half of the students as risk factors for hypertension. To reduce the burden of hypertension, it is crucial for prevention and control programs to target improving university students’ knowledge of risk factors for hypertension.

关键词： Knowledge Risk Factors Hypertension University Students Tanzania

Design and initial testing of a maize cob collection system

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2024年第3期17卷 108-114页

作者： Bojan Dolšak Anita Breznik Klemen Kaučič Nataša Imenšek Marko Marčec peter Gselman Jani Humar Mitja Krajnc University of Maribor Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringSmetanova ulica 172000 MariborSlovenia ŽIPO Lenart Ltd. Šetarova 212230 LenartSlovenia KGS Krajnc Ltd Vinička vas 42230 LenartSlovenia Interkorn Ltd. Gančani 949231 BeltinciSlovenia

Maize cobs are valuable plant residues that can be used for many different purposes,including as a renewable energy *** their value,maize cobs are still underutilized,mainly because people are not aware of their potential and harvesting techniques for their collection are still being ***,this research focused on finding the most suitable energy-and time-efficient method for mechanical collection of maize *** the combine harvester with an additional hopper proved to be the most promising solution,as it allows harvesting and storage of maize grain and maize cobs in one pass,while the harvesting time remains almost the same and the maize cobs are of good quality,as they do not fall on the field.A prototype with enlarged openings in the straw walkers,an additional grab container for maize cobs,a transport auger,a transport cleaning fan with built-in knives,a transport tube and some other assemblies was fabricated and used in *** first test results are very encouraging(94.4%-96.0%purity of maize cobs)and the system has been patented as a promising solution,especially in times when the environmental sustainability of the planet and energy independence are becoming increasingly important.

关键词： maize cobs utilization mechanical harvesting combine harvester upgrade

Microsphere-assisted quantitative phase microscopy:a review

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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2024年第1期5卷 131-150页

作者： Vahid Abbasian Tobias Pahl Lucie Hüser Sylvain Lecler Paul Montgomery peter Lehmann Arash Darafsheh Department of Radiation Oncology Washington University School of Medicine in St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63110USA Imaging Science Program McKelvey School of EngineeringWashington University in St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63130USA Measurement Technology Group Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of KasselWilhelmshöher Allee 7134121 KasselGermany ICube Research Institute INSA StrasbourgUniversitéde StrasbourgCNRS67000 StrasbourgFrance

Light microscopes are the most widely used devices in life and material sciences that allow the study of the interaction of light with matter at a resolution better than that of the naked *** microscopes translate the spatial differences in the intensity of the reflected or transmitted light from an object to pixel brightness differences in the digital ***,a phase microscope converts the spatial differences in the phase of the light from or through an object to differences in pixel *** microscopy,a phase-based approach,has found application in various *** interferometry has brought nanometric axial resolution,the lateral resolution in quantitative phase microscopy(QPM)has still remained limited by diffraction,similar to other traditional microscopy *** the resolution has been the subject of intense investigation since the invention of the microscope in the 17th *** the past decade,microsphere-assisted microscopy(MAM)has emerged as a simple and effective approach to enhance the resolution in light *** can be integrated with QPM for 3D label-free imaging with enhanced ***,we review the integration of microspheres with coherence scanning interference and digital holographic microscopies,discussing the associated open questions,challenges,and opportunities.

关键词： Phase microscopy Digital holographic microscopy Microsphere Resolution

Oral fluoroquinolones and the risk of Achilles tendon rupture

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第6期13卷 749-750页

作者： peter Vibe Rasmussen Jarl Emanuel Strange Anders Holt Department of Cardiology Herlev-Gentofte University HospitalCopenhagen 2730Denmark Department of Cardiology Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg University HospitalCopenhagen 2400Denmark Department of Cardiology Rigshospitalet University HospitalCopenhagen 2100Denmark

Dear editor,Fluoroquinolones(FQs)are a class of antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections,such as lower respiratory,gastrointestinal,and urinary tract *** to its broad-spectrum action and wide availability,it is ... 详细信息

关键词： prescribed spectrum action

VISION-iT:A Framework for Digitizing Bubbles and Droplets

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Energy and AI 2024年第1期15卷 26-35页

作者： Youngjoon Suh Sanghyeon Chang peter Simadiris Tiffany B.Inouye Muhammad Jahidul Hoque Siavash Khodakarami Chirag Kharangate Nenad Miljkovic Yoonjin Won Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of CaliforniaIrvine4200 Engineering GatewayCA 92617-2700USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of CaliforniaIrvine5200 Engineering HallCA 92617-2700USA Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH44106USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research(WPI-12CNER) Kyushu University744 Moto-okaNishi-kuFukuoka 819-0395Japan

Quantifying the nucleation processes involved in liquid-vapor phase-change phenomena,while dauntingly challenging,is central in designing energy conversion and thermal management *** technological advances in the deep learning and computer vision field offer the potential for quantifying such complex two-phase nucleation processes at unprecedented *** leveraging these new technologies,a multiple object tracking framework called“vision inspired online nuclei tracker(VISION-iT)”has been proposed to extract large-scale,physical features residing within boiling and condensation ***,extracting high-quality features that can be integrated with domain knowledge requires detailed discussions that may be field-or case-specific *** this regard,we present a demonstration and discussion of the detailed construction,algorithms,and optimization of individual modules to enable adaptation of the framework to custom *** concepts and procedures outlined in this study are transferable and can benefit broader audiences dealing with similar problems.

关键词： Deep learning Computer vision Nucleation Heat transfer Phase-change phenomena

Glycodiversification of gentamicins through in vivo glycosyltransferase swapping enabled the creation of novel hybrid aminoglycoside antibiotics with potent activity and low ototoxicity

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第9期14卷 4149-4163页

作者： Xinyun Jian Cheng Wang Shijuan Wu Guo Sun Chuan Huang Chengbing Qiu Yuanzheng Liu peter FLeadlay Dong Liu Zixin Deng Fuling Zhou Yuhui Sun Department of Hematology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversitySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan 430071China Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery(Ministry of Education) Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071China School of Pharmacy Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China School of Life Sciences Co-Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong Laboratory of Development and DiseasesNantong UniversityNantong 226019China Department of Biochemistry University of CambridgeCambridge CB21GAUK Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClayton VIC 3800Australia ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Protein and Peptide Science Monash UniversityClayton VIC 3800Australia

Aminoglycosides(AGs)are a class of antibiotics with a broad spectrum of ***,their use is limited by safety concerns associated with nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity,as well as drug *** address these issues,semi-synthetic approaches for modifying natural AGs have generated new generations of AGs,however,with limited types of modification due to significant challenges in *** study explores a novel approach that harness the bacterial biosynthetic machinery of gentamicins and kanamycins to create hybrid *** was achieved by glycodiversification of gentamicins via swapping the glycosyltransferase(GT)in their producer with the GT from kanamycins biosynthetic pathway and resulted in the creation of a series of novel AGs,therefore referred to as genkamicins(GKs).The manipulation of the hybrid biosynthetic pathway enabled the targeted accumulation of different GK species and the isolation and characterization of six GK *** compounds display retained antimicrobial activity against a panel of World Health Organization(WHO)critical priority pathogens,and GK-C2a,in particular,demonstrates low ototoxicity compared to clinical drugs in zebrafish *** study provides a new strategy for diversifying the structure of AGs and a potential avenue for developing less toxic AG drugs to combat infectious diseases.

关键词： Antibiotic Aminoglycoside biosynthesis Biosynthetic engineering Ototoxicity