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In vitro rumen fermentation of feed substrates added with chestnut tannins or an extract from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni

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Animal Nutrition 2020年第1期6卷 54-60页

作者： Chiara Sarnataro mauro Spanghero Department of Agricultural FoodEnvironmental and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineVia Sondrio2/A33100UdineItaly

Rumen fermentation parameters and microbiota were evaluated in 3 in vitro rumen fermentation experiments after addition of chestnut tannins(CWT)or an extract from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni(SB)to substrates.A control(CTR)substrate was fermented alone or added with 1.5%of CWT or SB extracts in a batch culture system(Exp.1,fermentation in 500 mL for 24 h)and in a subsequent continuous culture system(Exp.2,fermentation in 2 L bottles for 9 d).Experiment 3 used the fermentation system of Exp.1 and tested 7 doses of each extract added to CTR(additions of 0.2%,0.4%,0.6%,0.8%,1.0%,1.2%and 1.4%for48 h).The addition of CWT lowered(P<0.01)the in vitro rumen ammonia concentration in all experiments and reduced the protozoa counts in Exp.1(P<0.05).In contrast,the SB extract did not modify the ammonia concentrations,but significantly lowered the protozoa counts in all 3 experiments(reduction of 47%and 20%in Exp.1 and 2,P<0.05;and a quadratic reduction in Exp.3,R^2=0.63,P<0.01).Neither extract affected the fermentation in terms of gas production(Exp.1 and 3)nor volatile fatty acids(VFA)yield(Exp.1 and 2),if we exclude a reduction at the highest CWT concentration in *** in VFA profile were induced by CWT and were limited to reductions in the iso-valerate(P<0.01,in Exp.2)and iso-butyrate levels(P<0.01,Exp.2).The CWT increased the abundance of Prevotella ruminicola and Selenomonas ruminantium and decreased that of Ruminobacter amylophilus(P<0.01,P<0.05 and P<0.05,respectively).The SB extract increased the relative abundance of Treponema saccarophylum(P<0.05).Both of the studied substances had an impact on rumen metabolism,with SB reducing protozoa counts and CWT lowering the rumen ammonia *** effects of both extracts on the rumen were appreciable at low dietary doses,and the negative impacts on fermentation were limited to the reduction in protein degradation with the addition of CWT.

关键词： Rumen Ammonia Protozoa Chestnut tannin Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni

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Genome-wide investigation to assess copy number variants in the Italian local chicken population

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 563-577页

作者： Filippo Cendron Martino Cassandro mauro Penasa Department of Agronomy FoodNatural ResourcesAnimals and Environment(DAFNAE)University of PadovaViale Dell’Universita 1635020 LegnaroPDItaly Federazione Delle Associazioni Nazionali Di Razza E Specie Via XXIV Maggio 4300187 RomeItaly

Background Copy number variants(CNV)hold significant functional and evolutionary *** ongoing CNV studies aim to elucidate the etiology of human diseases and gain insights into the population structure of ***-density chips have enabled the detection of CNV with increased resolution,leading to the identification of even small *** study aimed to identify CNV in local Italian chicken breeds and investigate their distribution across the *** Copy number variants were mainly distributed across the first six chromosomes and primarily associated with loss type *** majority of CNV in the investigated breeds were of types 0 and 1,and the minimum length of CNV was significantly larger than that reported in previous ***,a high proportion of the length of chromosome 16 was covered by copy number variation regions(CNVR),with the major histocompatibility complex being the likely *** the genes identified within CNVR,only those present in at least five animals across breeds(n=95)were discussed to reduce the focus on redundant *** of these genes have been associated to functional traits in ***,several CNVR on different chromosomes harbor genes related to muscle development,tissue-specific biological processes,heat stress resistance,and immune *** trait loci(QTL)were also analyzed to investigate potential overlapping with the identified CNVR:54 out of the 95 gene-containing regions overlapped with 428 QTL associated to body weight and size,carcass characteristics,egg production,egg components,fat deposition,and feed *** The genomic phenomena reported in this study that can cause changes in the distribution of CNV within the genome over time and the comparison of these differences in CNVR of the local chicken breeds could help in preserving these genetic resources.

关键词： Chicken Copy number variant Conservation Local breed SNP

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Organelle trafficking, the cytoskeleton, and pollen tube growth

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2015年第1期57卷 63-78页

作者： Giampiero Cai Luigi Parrotta mauro Cresti Department of Life Sciences University of Siena

The pollen tube is fundamental for the reproduction of seed plants. Characteristically, it grows relatively quickly and uni-directionally （＂polarized growth＂） to extend the male gametophyte to reach the female gametophyte. The pollen tube forms a channel through which the sperm cells move so that they can reach their targets in the ovule. To grow quickly and directionally, the pollen tube requires an intense movement of organelles and vesicles that allows the cell＇s contents to be distributed to sustain the growth rate. While the various organelles distribute more or less uniformly within the pollen tube, Golgi-released secretory vesicles accumulate massively at the pollen tube apex, that is, the growing region. This intense movement of organelles and vesicles is dependent on the dynamics of the cytoskeleton, which reorganizes differentially in response to external signals and coordinates membrane trafficking with the growth rate of pollen tubes.

关键词： Actin filaments cytoplasmic streaming microtubules motor proteins tip growth

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Quantum cellular automata and free quantum field theory

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Frontiers of physics 2017年第1期12卷 65-75页

作者： Giacomo mauro D'Ariano Paolo Perinottit QUIT Group Dipartimento di Fisica via Bassi 6 1-27100 Pavia Italy

In a series of recent papers [1-4] it has been shown how free quantum field theory can be derived without using mechanical primitives （including space-time, special relativity, quantization rules, etc.）, but only considering the easiest quantum algorithm encompassing a countable set of quantum systems whose network of interactions satisfies the simple principles of unitarity, homogeneity, locality, and isotropy. This has opened the route to extending the axiomatic information-theoretic derivation of the quantum theory of abstract systems [5, 6] to include quantum field theory. The inherent discrete nature of the informational axiomatization leads to an extension of quantum field theory to a quantum cellular automata theory, where the usual field theory is recovered in a regime where the discrete structure of the automata cannot be probed. A simple heuristic argument sets the scale of discreteness to the Planck scale, and the customary physical regime where discreteness is not visible is the relativistic one of small waveveetors. In this paper we provide a thorough derivation from principles that in the most general case the graph of the quantum cellular automaton is the Cayley graph of a finitely presented group, and showing how for the case corresponding to Euclidean emergent space （where the group resorts to an Abelian one） the automata leads to Weyl, Dirac and Maxwell field dynamics in the relativistic limit. We conclude with some perspectives towards the more general scenario of non-linear automata for interacting quantum field theory.

关键词： quantum automata quantum walks quantum fields axiomatics Planck scale

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Nanotexture optimization by oxygen plasma of mesoporous silica thin film for enrichment of low molecular weight peptides captured from human serum

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Science China Chemistry 2010年第11期53卷 2257-2264页

作者： Louis BROUSSEAU Ali BOUAMRANI mauro FERRARI Department of Nanomedicine and Biomedical Engineering The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston

The optimization of mesoporous silica thin films by nanotexturing using oxygen plasma versus thermal oxidation was *** in oxygen plasma provides superior control over pore formation with regard to the pore surface and higher fidelity to the structure of the polymer *** resulting porous film offers an ideal substrate for the selective partitioning of peptides from complex *** improved chemico-physical characteristics of porous thin films(pore size distribution,nanostructure,surface properties and pore connectivity) were systematically characterized with XRD,Ellipsometry,FTIR,TEM and N2 adsorption/desorption *** enrichment of low molecular weight proteins captured from human serum on mesoporous silica thin films fabricated by both methodologies was investigated by comparison of their MALDI-TOF MS *** novel on-chip fractionation technology offers advantages in recovering the low molecular weight peptides from human serum,which has been recognized as an informative resource for early diagnosis of cancer and other diseases.

关键词： mesoporous silica thin film oxygen plasma low molecular weight proteome

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High-speed tracked vehicle model order reduction for static and dynamic simulations

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第8期38卷 89-110页

作者： Luca Dimauro Simone Venturini Antonio Tota Enrico Galvagno mauro Velardocchia Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Politecnico di TorinoCorso Duca degli Abruzzi2410129TorinoItaly

In this paper, a model order reduction strategy is adopted for the static and dynamic behaviour simulation of a high-speed tracked vehicle. The total number of degree of freedom of the structure is condensed through a selection of interface degrees of freedom and significant global mode shapes, for an approximated description of vehicle dynamic behaviour. The methodology is implemented in a customised open-source software to reduce the computational efforts. The modelled tracked vehicle includes the sprung mass, the unsprung masses, connected by means of torsional bars, and all the track assemblies, composing the track chain. The proposed research activity presents a comprehensive investigation of the influence of the track chain, combined with longitudinal vehicle speed, on statics and vehicle dynamics, focusing on vertical dynamics. The vehicle response has been investigated both in frequency and time domain. In this last case road-wheel displacements are assumed as inputs for the model, under different working conditions, hence considering several road profiles with different amplitudes and characteristic excitation frequencies. Simulation results have proven a high fidelity in model order reduction approach and a significant contribution of the track chain in the global dynamic behaviour of the tracked vehicle.

关键词： Tracked vehicle dynamics Rubber characteristics Component mode synthesis Modal analysis Open-source

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Applying the electroforming process to bio-inspired architecture： The case of Castelbuono Estate Winery

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2013年第4期2卷 435-444页

作者： Stefano Rossi mauro Peilizzari Department of Industrial Engineering University of Trento Trento 38123 Italy Ferrari F.lli Lunelli spa via del Ponte di Ravina 15 Trento 30123 Italy

Inaugurated in June 2012, the Carapace at Castelbuono Estate Winery in Italy is a highly interesting example of biomorphic architecture. The structure, an artistic creation of world-renowned sculptor Arnatdo Pomodoro, is reminiscent of a tortoise shell that conveys a sense of protection： the Carapace structure guards wine barriques in the same way that the tortoise carapace protects the animal. Zoomorphic aspects are further exhibited by symbots on the roof, which remind observers of cuttlefish bone, a recurring element in the artistic production of Maestro Pomodoro. The roof was constructed by assembly of single copper plates with a rough surface in accordance with the design of the artist. Therefore, determining the appropriate production process was crucial. Etectroforming was selected as the method to achieve a challenging architectural goal.

关键词： Bio-inspired architec-ture Biomorphic structure Artistic design Copper electroforming

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Parallel Molecular Dynamics with Irregular Domain Decomposition

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Communications in Computational Physics 2011年第9期10卷 1071-1088页

作者： mauro Bisson Massimo Bernaschi Simone Melchionna Department of Computer Science University of Rome"Sapienza"Italy Istituto Applicazioni Calcolo Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheRomeItaly Institute of Material Sciences and Engineering ´Ecole Polytechnique F´ed´erale de LausanneSwitzerland CNR-IPCF Istituto Processi Chimico-FisiciConsiglio Nazionale delle RicercheRomeItaly

The spatial domain of Molecular Dynamics simulations is usually a regular box that can be easily divided in subdomains for parallel *** efforts aimed at simulating complex biological systems,like the blood flow inside arteries,require the execution of Parallel Molecular Dynamics(PMD)in vessels that have,by nature,an irregular *** those cases,the geometry of the domain becomes an additional input parameter that directly influences the outcome of the *** this paper we discuss the problems due to the parallelization of MD in complex geometries and show an efficient and general method to perform MD in irregular domains.

关键词： Molecular dynamics irregular domain decomposition parallel algorithms hemodynamics

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From control to eradication of malaria:the end of being stuck in second gear?

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第5期3卷 412-420页

作者： Khadjavi Amina Giribaldi Giuliana Prato mauro Department of Genetics Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of Torino Medical School10126TorinoItaly

More than 2 billion people are at risk of malaria,which primarily affects poor populations in tropical and subtropical areas,including Southern *** malaria incidence has been reduced strongly in some parts of endemic regions by combinations of interventions,including artemisinin-based therapies and insecticide-treated bed nets,a new goal has been established recently by charity foundations which support research on malaria:the worldwide eradication of the *** away with control approaches which have been applied for the last 50 years and more focus on elimination objectives will deeply change priorities in the area of malaria treatment,chemoprevention,vector control,vaccine research and health system *** this review,actual knowledge on pathogenesis and pharmacology is discussed,and new drugs, vaccines and insecticides are described.

关键词： Malaria Plasmodium falciparum Anopheles mosquito Antimalarial drugs Vaccine Vector control Hemozoin Matrix metalloproteinases

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Echocardiography and impedance cardiography as determinants of successful slow levosimendan infusion in advanced older heart failure patients

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2021年第12期18卷 1058-1062页

作者： Gaetano Ruocco Guido Pastorini mauro Feola Cardiology Unit Riuniti of Valdichiana HospitalUSL-SUD-EST ToscanaMontepulcianoSienaItaly Cardiology Unit Regina Montis Regalis HospitalASL-CN1MondovìCuneoItaly

Despite new therapeutic options,patients with heart failure(HF)still progress to advanced *** particular,patients who developed a severe left ventricular(LV)systolic and/or diastolic dysfunction with higher degree of NYHA class,recurrent hospitalizations for HF and showing a severe impairment of exercise capacity were defined as“advanced HF”.[1]Levosimendan was recently approved in order to treat patients hospitalized for acute decompensated HF(ADHF)with severe systolic *** pharmacolo-gical effects of levosimendan consists of inotropy,vasodilatation and cardioprotection increasing of calcium sensitivity.[2]These effects should be mon-itored with echocardiography.[3]In particular,in ad-vanced HF patients,levosimendan showed positive effects in reducing mortality and three months hos-pitalization;about quality of life and symptoms im-provement,levosimendan showed contrasting ef-fect among the studies on advanced HF patients available.

关键词： patients infusion mortality

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