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Simulation of Liquid Metal droplets from Field Emission

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Communications in Computational Physics 2007年第4期2卷 640-661页

作者： Anton VanderWyst Andrew Christlieb mark Sussman Iain d.Boyd Raytheon Missile Systems 1151 E.Hermans RoadP.O.Box 11337TucsonAZ 85734USA department of Mathematics Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA department of Mathematics Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL 32306USA department of Aerospace Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA.

Liquid metal droplets are accelerated by electrostatic forces in a process known as field *** this study,we simulate the emission of charged indium droplets on a needle in 2d cylindrical *** boundary element method is used to rapidly and accurately calculate the electric field on the fluid surface,which is then advected forward in time using level *** is the first time these methods have been combined,and this combination addresses difficult detachable surface tracking issues successfully.A histogram of droplet charge-to-mass ratio is generated in which it is predicted that smaller satellite droplets are more densely *** addition,our model is compared with independent pre-and post-snap off data and produces good agreement with the result.

关键词： Field emission electric propulsion modeling level set boundary element method

Female answer specificity to male drumming calls in three closely related species of the stonefly genus Zwicknia (Plecoptera: Capniidae)

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Insect Science 2021年第1期28卷 215-223页

作者： Kirill mark Orci david Muranyi MTA-ELTE-MTM Ecology Research Group Hungarian Academy of SciencesEotvos Lorand University and the Hungarian Natural History MuseumBudapestHungary department of Zoology Eszterhazy Karoly UniversityEgerHungary department of Zoology Hungarian Natural History MuseumBudapestHungary

This study examines the rate of female answers to conspecific versus heterospecific male vibratory calls in three,closely related stonefly species:Zwicknia bifrons,***,and *** a previous study those three species were recognized on the basis of their distinct male drumming calls along with differences in genital morphology and genetic *** this study no-choice playback experiments using original male call samples from each species were performed,and the answer rate of females to con・specific and heterospecific signal variants was *** effect logistic regression models were used to test if male call species identity had a statistically significant effect on female answer *** answered conspecific male calls with significantly higher probability than heterospecific calls in all the three examined species,suggesting that the divergence of vibrational communication can be an important component of the prezygotic isolation between ***,but well detectable responsiveness to heterospecific calls was observable between *** and ***,the two species closest to each other regarding mitochondrial genetic divergence and male call pattern ***,our results are most congruent with a tight,gradual coevolution of male calls and female preferences.

关键词： biotremology drumming call Plecoptera reproductive isolation species recognition vibrational communication

Heterozygous carriers of galactocerebrosidase mutations that cause Krabbe disease have impaired microglial function and defective repair of myelin damage

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第3期13卷 393-401页

作者： Nicole J.Scott-Hewitt Christopher J.Folts mark d.Noble department of Biomedical Genetics University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry

This review addresses two puzzling findings related to mutations in galactocerebrosidase （GALC） that cause Krabbe disease （Kd）, a severe lysosomal storage disorder characterized by extensive myelin damage in children with mutations in both GALC alleles. First, heterozygous carriers of Kd-causing mutations, which include the biological parents of children with Kd, exhibit increased risk for developing other diseases. Second, variants in the GALC locus increase the risk of developing multiple sclerosis （MS）, another disease characterized by extensive myelin damage. What explains these correlations？ In studies on cuprizone-induced myelin damage in heterozygous （GALC＋/–） mice carrying one copy of a mutation that causes Kd-like disease, the extent of damage was similar in GALC＋/– and wild-type （WT） mice. In contrast, GALC＋/- mice had striking defects in repair of cuprizone-induced damage. We further found unexpected microglial defects in myelin debris clearance and in the ability to up-regulate the Trem2 microglial protein critical for debris uptake. These defects were rescued by exposure to a lysosomal re-acidifying drug discovered in our studies on Kd, and which provides multiple clinically relevant benefits in the twitcher （GALC＋/–） mouse model of Kd. Thus, heterozygous GALC mutations cause effects on biological function that may help to understand the increased disease risk in heterozygous carriers of such mutations and to understand why GALC variations increase the risk of MS. Our findings indicate that while some genetic risk factors may contribute to complex diseases by increasing the risk of tissue damage, others may do so by compromising tissue repair.

关键词： vulnerability locus multiple sclerosis Krabbe disease galactocerebrosidase microglia myelin repair lysosomal storage disorders heterozygous carriers Trem2 demyelination

Advances in diagnosis, treatment and palliation of pancreatic carcinoma: 1990-2010

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第7期17卷 867-897页

作者： Chakshu Sharma Karim M Eltawil Paul d Renfrew mark J Walsh Michele Molinari department of Surgery Queen Eliz-abeth Ⅱ Health Sciences Center Dalhousie University

Several advances in genetics, diagnosis and palliation of pancreatic cancer (PC) have occurred in the last decades. A multidisciplinary approach to this disease is therefore recommended. PC is relatively common as it is the fourth leading cause of cancer related mortality. Most patients present with obstructive jaundice, epigastric or back pain, weight loss and anorexia. despite improvements in diagnostic modalities, the majority of cases are still detected in advanced stages. The only curative treatment for PC remains surgical resection. No more than 20% of patients are candidates for surgery at the time of diagnosis and survival remains quite poor as adjuvant therapies are not very effective. A small percentage of patients with borderline non-resectable PC might benefit from neo-adjuvant chemoradiation therapy enabling them to undergo resection; however, randomized controlled studies are needed to prove the benefits of this strategy. Patients with unresectable PC benefit from palliative interventions such as biliary decompression and celiac plexus block. Further clinical trials to evaluate new chemo and radiation protocols as well as identification of genetic markers for PC are needed to improve the overall survival of patients affected by PC, as the current overall 5-year survival rate of patients affected by PC is still less than 5%. The aim of this article is to review the most recent high quality literature on this topic.

关键词： diagnosis Epidemiology Palliation Pancreatic cancer Therapy

Caecal pH is a biomarker of excessive colonic fermentation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第17期20卷 5000-5007页

作者： Adam d Farmer Sahar d Mohammed George E dukes S mark Scott Anthony R Hobson Centre for digestive diseases Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular ScienceWingate Institute of NeurogastroenterologyBarts and the London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondon E1 2AJUnited Kingdom GlaxoSmithKline Research and development durham County NC 27709-3398United States Functional Gut Clinic London W1G 6NBUnited Kingdom

AIM: To ascertain whether caecal pH is different in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), whose primary symptoms are bloating and distension, to healthy controls.

关键词： Caecal pH Caecoparesis Bloating Colonic microbiota Fermentation

A novel technique using hydrophilic polymers to promote axonal fusion

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第4期11卷 525-528页

作者： Ravinder Bamba d.Colton Riley Nathaniel d.Kelm mark d.does Richard d.dortch Wesley P.Thayer department of Plastic Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA department of Surgery Georgetown University Washington DC USA Georgetown University School of Medicine Washington DC USA Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science Nashville TN USA department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA

The management of traumatic peripheral nerve injury remains a considerable concern for *** minimal innovations in surgical technique and a limited number of specialists trained to treat peripheral nerve injury,outcomes of surgical intervention have been *** inability to manipulate the pathophysiology of nerve injury（i.e.,Wallerian degeneration） has left scientists and clinicians depending on the slow and lengthy process of axonal regeneration（-1 mm/day）.When axons are severed,the endings undergo calcium-mediated plasmalemmal sealing,which limits the ability of the axon to be primarily *** glycol（PEG） in combination with a bioengineered process overcomes the inability to fuse *** mechanism for PEG axonal fusion is not clearly understood,but multiple studies have shown that a providing a calcium-free environment is essential to the process known as PEG *** proposed mechanism is PEG-induced lipid bilayer fusion by removing the hydration barrier surrounding the axolemma and reducing the activation energy required for membrane fusion to *** review highlights PEG fusion,its past and current studies,and future directions in PEG fusion.

关键词： peripheral nerve injury polyethylene glycol axonal fusion nerve transection traumatic neuropathy

Social relationship satisfaction and accumulation of chronic conditions and multimorbidity:a national cohort of Australian women

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General Psychiatry 2023年第1期36卷 9-18页

作者： Xiaolin Xu Gita d Mishra Julianne Holt-Lunstad mark Jones School of Public Health The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia departments of Psychology and Neuroscience Brigham Young UniversityProvoUtahUSA

Background Social relationships are associated with mortality and chronic ***,little is known about the effects of social relationship satisfaction on multiple chronic conditions(multimorbidity).Aims To examine whether social relationship satisfaction is associated with the accumulation of *** data from 7694 Australian women who were free from 11 chronic conditions at 45–50 years of age in 1996 were *** types of social relationship satisfaction(partner,family members,friends,work and social activities)were measured approximately every 3 years and scored from 0(very dissatisfied)to 3(very satisfied).Scores from each relationship type were summed to provide an overall satisfaction score(range:≤5–15).The outcome of interest was the accumulation of multimorbidity in 11 chronic *** Over a 20-year period,4484(58.3%)women reported ***,the level of social relationship satisfaction had a dose–response relationship with the accumulation of *** with women reporting the highest satisfaction(score 15),women with the lowest satisfaction(score≤5)had the highest odds of accumulating multimorbidity(odds ratio(OR)=2.35,95%confidence interval(CI):1.94 to 2.83)in the adjusted *** results were observed for each social relationship *** risk factors,such as socioeconomic,behavioural and menopausal status,together explained 22.72%of the *** Social relationship satisfaction is associated with the accumulation of multimorbidity,and the relationship is only partly explained by socioeconomic,behavioural and reproductive *** connections(eg,satisfaction with social relationships)should be considered a public health priority in chronic disease prevention and intervention.

关键词： morbidity prevention behaviour

Building Expertise on FAIR Through Evolving Bring Your Own data(BYOd) Workshops: describing the data, Software, and Management-focused Approaches and Their Evolution

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data Intelligence 2024年第2期6卷 429-456页

作者： César H.Bernabé Lieze Thielemans Rajaram Kaliyaperumal Claudio Carta Shuxin Zhang Celia W.G.van Gelder Nirupama Benis Luiz Olavo Bonino da Silva Santos Ronald Cornet Bruna dos Santos Vieira Nawel Lalout Ines Henriques Alberto Camara Ballesteros Kees Burger Martijn G.Kersloot Friederike Ehrhart Esther van Enckevort Chris T.Evelo Alasdair J.G.Gray Marc Hanauer Kristina Hettne Joep de Ligt Arnaldo Pereira Nuria Queralt-Rosinach Erik Schultes domenica Taruscio Andra Waagmeester mark d.Wilkinson Egon L.Willighagen Mascha Jansen Barend Mons Marco Roos Annika Jacobsen Biosemantics Group Department of Human GeneticsLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenThe Netherlands NIHR Academic Fellow in General Practice University College London and The Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust National Centre for Rare diseases Istituto Superiore di SanitaRomeItaly department of Medical Informatics Amsterdam UMC location University of AmsterdamMeibergdreef 9AmsterdamThe Netherlands Amsterdam Public Health Methodology&Digital HealthAmsterdamThe Netherlands Health-Rl UtrechtThe Netherlands Semantics Services and Cybersecurity groupUniversity of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands department of Medical Imaging Radboud Institute for Health SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands department of Medical BioSciences Radboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands The duchenne Parent Project VeneendaalThe Netherlands departamento de Biotecnologia-Biologia Vegetal Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria AgronomicaAlimentaria y de BiosistemasCentro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de PlantasUniversidad Politecnica de Madrid(UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria-CSIC(INIA-CSIC).Campus MontegancedoPozuelo de Alarcon(Madrid)Spain Castor AmsterdamThe Netherlands department of Bioinformatics-BiGCaT Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands University Medical Center Groningen University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology(MaCSBio) Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands department of Computer Science Heriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghUK INSERM US14-OrphanetPlateforme Maladies RaresParisFrance Centre for digital Scholarship Leiden University LibrariesThe Netherlands Center for Molecular Medicine Cancer Genomics NetherlandsDepartment of GeneticsUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUniversity UtrechtThe Netherlands University of Aveiro DETI/IEETAAveiroPortugal GO FAIR Foundation LeidenThe Netherlands The Leiden Academic Center for drug Research LeidenThe Netherlands Micel

Since 2014,"Bring Your Own data"workshops(BYOds)have been organised to inform people about the process and benefits of making resources Findable,Accessible,Interoperable,and Reusable(FAIR,and the FAIRification process).The BYOd workshops'content and format differ depending on their goal,context,and the background and needs of ***-focused BYOds educate domain experts on how to make their data FAIR to find new answers to research ***-focused BYOds promote the benefits of making data FAIR and instruct project managers and policy-makers on the characteristics of FAIRification ***-focused BYOds gather software developers and experts on FAIR to implement or improve software resources that are used to support ***,these BYOds intend to foster collaboration between different types of stakeholders involved in data management,curation,and reuse(*** experts,trainers,developers,data owners,data analysts,FAIR experts).The BYOds also serve as an opportunity to learn what kind of support for FAIRification is needed from different communities and to develop teaching materials based on practical examples and *** this paper,we detail the three different structures of the BYOds and describe examples of early BYOds related to plant breeding data,and rare disease registries and biobanks,which have shaped the structure of the *** discuss the latest insights into making BYOds more productive by leveraging our almost ten years of training experience in these workshops,including successes and encountered ***,we examine how the participants'feedback has motivated the research on FAIR,including the development of workflows and software.

关键词： FAIR FAIRification FAIR expertise Bring Your Own data Workshop BYOd

diffusion tensor imaging in the courtroom:distinction between scientific specificity and legally admissible evidence

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第19期11卷 4477-4497页

作者： Jennifer Christine van Velkinburgh mark d Herbst Stewart M Casper Science Communication Filipodia Publishing LLCSanta FeNM 87505United States diagnostic Radiology Independent Diagnostic Radiology IncSt PetersburgFL 33711United States Personal Injury Law Casper&DeToledo LLCStamfordCT 06905United States

Interest and uptake of science and medicine peer-reviewed literature by readers outside of a paper’s topical subject,field or even discipline is *** the application of knowledge from one field or discipline to others can stimulate innovative solutions to problems facing modern society,it is also fraught with danger for *** the practice of law in the United States,academic papers are submitted to the courts as evidence in personal injury litigation from both the plaintiff(complainant)and *** transcendence of an academic publication over disciplinary boundaries is immediately met with the challenge of application by a group that inherently lacks in-depth knowledge on the scientific method,the practice of evidence-based medicine,or the publication process as a structured and internationally synthesized process involving peer review and guided by ethical standards and norms.A modern-day example of this is the ongoing conflict between the sensitivity of diffusion tensor imaging(dTI)and the legal standards for admissibility of evidence in litigation cases of mild traumatic brain injury(mTBI).In this review,we amalgamate the peer-reviewed research on dTI in mTBI with the court’s rationale underlying decisions to admit or exclude evidence of dTI abnormalities to support claims of brain *** found that the papers which are critical of the use of dTI in the courtroom reflect a primary misunderstanding about how diagnostic biomarkers differ legally from relevant and admissible *** clinical use of dTI to identify white matter abnormalities in the brain at the chronic stage is a valid methodology both clinically as well as forensically,contributes data that may or may not corroborate the existence of white matter damage,and should be admitted into evidence in personal injury trials if supported by a *** also delve into an aspect of science publication and peer review that can be manipulated by scientists and clinicians to

关键词： diffuse axonal injury Mild brain injury Magnetic resonance imaging Neuroimaging Medicolegal Litigation Medical jurisprudence Ethics Peer review Publishing