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The Epidemiology of Induction of Labor among Women Aged 15 - 49 Who Delivered at Shaafi Hospital in Hodon District, Mogadishu Somalia 2020

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Health 2022年第4期14卷 418-431页

作者： Abdullahi muse Mohamoud Sahra Mire Mohamed Ahmed Mohamud Hussein Nafisa Ali Hassan Ruweyda Abdi Hassan Juweyriya osman Abdullahi Naima Abdi Hashi Faculty of Health Sciences Benadir University Mogadishu Somalia PHC& HE Faculty of Medicine University of Gezira Wad Madani Sudan Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Mogadishu University Mogadishu Somalia

Background: Induction of labor is an artificial termination utilized to decrease both maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The study was aimed to assess the epidemiology of induction of labor among women aged 15 - 49 who delivered at Shaafi Hospital in Hodon District, Mogadishu Somalia 2020. Methodology: A cross-sectional and retrospective hospital-based study was conducted among 30 women aged 15 - 49 who had undergone induction of labor who were delivered at Shaafi Hospital Mogadishu during the period of the study from May-July 2020. Data were collected by interview method using structured questionnaire. Data analyzed was performed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 20. Results: The study showed that the majority of respondents 12 (40%) had undergone induction once time previously, followed by 8 (27%) had undergone induction previously two times, while 6 (20%) had undergone previously three times, 4 (13%) more than four times. 21 (70%) were delivered Spontaneous Vagina delivery (SVD), 6 (20%) were Cesarean section (CS) and 3 (10%) instrumental vaginal delivery. A total of (60%) were delivered in public hospitals, followed by (23%) were delivered in private hospitals and 5 (17%) home delivery. In addition the reasons of induction of labor a total of 27 (90%) were post term, followed by 2 (7%) were Intrauterine fetal death (IUFD), while few proportion of 1 (3%) were Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH). Finally, the study revealed that the socio-demographic and obstetrical determinants such as age and daily meal intake as well as antenatal care visit and reasons for induction of labor e.g. Post term (Post-mature), Intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) and Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) showed significant association with their the induced labor (P Conclusion and Recommendations: The study recommended that ministry of health especially maternal and reproductive health unit should ensure that every pregnant woman has access to skilled matern

关键词： Induction Labor Shafi Hospital Mogadishu Somalia

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Investigating Prevalence of Bovine Tuberculosis in Cattle in an Agro-Pastoral Community in Awdal Region, Somaliland

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2023年第3期11卷 139-147页

作者： Amina Husein Mohamed Abdullahi Sheikh Mohamed Ahmed Mohamed Ali osman Abdullahi Farah muse Mohamed Awaleh Mustafe Ahmed Ismail Fred Wesonga IGAD Sheikh Technical Veterinary School and Reference Centre Sheikh Somalia Somaliland Ministry of Livestock and Fishey Development Hargeisa Somalia

Awdal region is the most northwesterly province of Somaliland. The region is one of the agro-pastoral livelihood zones in Somaliland, where farming and agricultural production are the predominant livelihood sources. IGAD (Intergovernmental Authority on Development) Sheikh Technical University of Science (ISTUS) worked to study the prevalence of Bovine Tuberculosis (TB) among cattle in Awdal region of Somaliland. The aim was to inform public health and Veterinary experts on having one-health approach to infectious diseases among humans and animals. The serum that was stored at -20?C was transported to IGAD Sheikh Technical University of Science (ISTUS) for further analysis using BOVIGAM serological test (Sandwich ELISA). The results indicate that Bovine Tuberculosis is highly prevalent in the study area (10.1%). The high prevalence recorded in the current study could be due to the consumption of raw milk and lack of proper control strategies in place to control the transmission of the disease between animals, between animals and wildlife and between animals and humans. Hence, an awareness creation campaign should be created on bTB transmission and its public health significance to cattle owners, milk and meat consumers and people who are in close proximity to cattle. In addition, testing and eradication programme should be implemented where applicable.

关键词： Awdal Bovigam Bovine Tuberculosis Cattle Prevalence

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The Use of Sputum Dashboard and Dispatch Riders in Mitigating Delay in Sputum Samples’ Processing—Evidence from an Intervention in Lagos State, Nigeria

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2021年第3期9卷 146-159页

作者： muse Olatunbosun Fadeyi Akinwumi Akindele Adebayo Bakare Bolaji Ahmed osman El-Tayeb Taofeekat Ali Yasir Othman Obioha Udunze Gbolahan Dairo Aderonke Agbaje Damien Foundation Belgium (Nigeria Project) Ibadan Oyo State Nigeria Institute of Human Virology Nigeria (IHVN) Abuja Nigeria Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Hull United Kingdom

The act of referring TB presumptive individuals after verbal screening to another health facility/diagnostic centres for testing often results in large loss to follow-up, owing to the many barriers people face in accessing care. The transportation of sputum samples is an efficient method of increasing access to tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics in areas where testing is not currently available. One of the major reasons for the low yield of TB cases in the field was delay in sputum sample transportation to diagnostic laboratories among other factors. Damien Foundation Belgium, carried out a unique sputum riders initiatives in 20 LGAs of Lagos state between Q3-2019 and Q4-2020. A total of 25 sputum dispatch riders across the 20 LGAs in the State who are monitored routinely on an electronic dashboard were engaged for sputum logistics. Therefore, this report highlights how the initiatives have contributed to increased TB case notification in a densely populated metropolitan city in Nigeria. Overall, 48,265 units of sputum samples were transported to the laboratory from the facilities 99.9% of results which were received from the laboratory by the dispatch riders. The contribution of sputum riders to the overall TB case detection by the project progressively increased from 9% when the intervention began to 57% as at Q4 2020. The transportation of sputum samples by motorcycle dispatch riders is an efficient method of increasing access to TB diagnostic services in communities where testing is not currently available.

关键词： Sputum Samples Dispatch Rider Electronic Dashboard Sputum Logistics Tuberculosis

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Assessment of the Contributions of Private Provider Engagement in Tuberculosis Case Finding and Notification in South West Nigeria

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2021年第3期9卷 160-171页

作者： muse O. Fadeyi Bolaji Ahmed Akinwumi Akindele Adebayo Bakare Modupe Ariyo Olalekan Onitiju osman El-Tayeb Taofeekat Ali Yasir Othman Aderonke Agbaje Damien Foundation Belgium (Nigeria Project) Ibadan Oyo State Nigeria Institute of Human Virology Nigeria (IHVN) Abuja Nigeria Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Hull United Kingdom

Introduction: Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of mortalities attributable to an infectious disease. In a private sector-driven health system such as Nigeria, the private health providers are very important stakeholders in tuberculosis diagnosis and management. Unfortunately, there are few data on the level of contribution of these private health providers to the case finding and notification of tuberculosis in Nigeria. Consequently, this study assessed the contribution of the private providers to the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis under the Global Fund Private Public Mix New Funding Model (2nd phase) grant (GF PPM NFM2) in the four implementing states of south west Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of the NFM2 programme implementation data collected between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2020. Data was extracted from the routine registers such as the presumptive TB registers;treatment register of the private health facilities engaged for PPM activities between 2019 and 2020. The data was entered and analyzed using Microsoft excel package. The variables were summarized using appropriate charts and table. Results: Concerning the percentage contribution of the Global Fund Private Public Mix (GF PPM) grant to the total sta

关键词： Private Provider Tuberculosis Diagnosis Notification

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Knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPTs) of Malaria among Pregnant Women Attending for Antenatal Care in Benadir Hospital at Benadir Region, Somalia

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Health 2022年第4期14卷 392-406页

作者： Abdullahi muse Mohamoud Magda Elhadi Ahmed Yousif osman Khalafalla Saeed Mohamed Ahmed Allasow Yasmin Abdirahman Abdulle Ayan Abdiwali Ahmed Anab Warsame Iye Shukri Mohamed Abdi Faculty of Health Sciences Benadir University Mogadishu Somalia PHC & HE Faculty of Medicine University of Gezira Wad Madani Sudan

Background: Malaria in pregnancy is a preventable public health concern leading to a high prevalence of maternal morbidity, maternal mortality and adverse birth outcomes. Intermittent Preventive Treatment during pregnancy using Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) is one of the main strategies used to prevent malaria in pregnancy. This study was aimed to determine knowledge attitude and practice regarding intermittent preventive treatment IPT of malaria in pregnancy utilization among pregnant women attending antenatal center in benadir hospital wadajir district benadir region somalia during the period of the study from April 2021-July 2021. Methods: The study was descriptive cross-sectional retrospective Hospital based. The sample size was 60 respondents of pregnant women at 20 weeks to 36 weeks of gestation. Data were collected by interview method using structured questionnaire. The data were collected and then entered to Statistical Package for Social Science version 20 for analysis. Results: The study displayed that the majority of the respondents (58%) were in the 25 - 34 years’ age group. A total of 51 (85%) were married, while 17 (28%) had primary school education. 43 (72%) were housewives while only 11 (18%) were employed. A total 32 (53%) were had gravid more than Four times, while the study showed that, the majority of mothers 39 (65%) were had knowledge about Intermittent Preventive Treatment during pregnancy using Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP). The study showed that majority of the respondent 25 (42%) were getting health education awareness towards IPTp were from health care providers at health centers while 8 (13%) from Friends/relatives/neighbors, followed by 4 (6%) from their husband. And 34 (57%) were had convenience IPTp-SP tablet consumption at their current pregnancy while 26 (43%) did not. Conclusion and Recommendations: Inclusion there was good knowledge and positive attitude towards IPT despite poor utilization, the study recommended the mi

关键词： Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPT) Antenatal Care

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心脏孤立纤维瘤的临床及影像特征

心脏孤立纤维瘤的临床及影像特征

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作者： Abdikarim Ali muse 吉林大学

学位级别：硕士

Chapter1:Review of literature　　Primary Cardiac solitary fibrous tumors are regarded as a rare disease that accounts for less than 2%of all soft tissue masses.　　Fibroblastic/myofibroblastic tumors are a group of uncommon mesenchymal tumors and solitary fibrous tumors are regarded as one of this group in the early stages.　　Solitary fibrous tumors and hemangiopericytoma (HPC) have been considered as one entity.　　But the development and progression made in the field of immunohistochemistry made it possible to discover the similarity of NAB2-STAT6 fusions that been shared by the solitary fibrous tumors and hemangiopericytoma (HPC) has led to the conclusion that the WHO has classified solitary fibrous tumors and hemangiopericytoma (HPC) as one entity.　　第一章：文献综述。　　原发性心脏孤立性纤维瘤被认为是一种罕见的疾病，在所有软组织肿块中所占比例不到2%。　　纤维母细胞/肌纤维母细胞瘤是一组少见的间叶性肿瘤，早期认为孤立性纤维性肿瘤是其中之一。　　孤立性纤维瘤和血管外皮细胞瘤(HPC)被认为是一个整体。　　但随着免疫组织化学领域的发展和进步，人们有可能发现孤立性纤维细胞瘤和血管外皮细胞瘤(HPC)的NAB2-STAT6融合的相似性，从而得出世界卫生组织将孤立性纤维瘤和血管外皮细胞瘤(HPC)归类为一个实体的结论。

关键词： fibrous,孤立纤维瘤,solitary,recurrence,have,thrombus,tumour,pleural,心脏,影像特征,

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腹腔镜与开腹脾切断流术治疗肝硬化门脉高压症的对比

腹腔镜与开腹脾切断流术治疗肝硬化门脉高压症的对比

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作者： Zakarie muse Ali 吉林大学

学位级别：硕士

背景:什么是肝硬化,门静脉高压和高血压?肝硬化被认为是结节的组织改变,包括与各种病因继发的一系列改变。作为终末期肝病的后遗症,大量引起肝细胞损伤的病因可导致肝硬化的进一步进展。酒精相关和病毒感染是全球最常见的原因,在大多数... 详细信息

背景:什么是肝硬化,门静脉高压和高血压?肝硬化被认为是结节的组织改变,包括与各种病因继发的一系列改变。作为终末期肝病的后遗症,大量引起肝细胞损伤的病因可导致肝硬化的进一步进展。酒精相关和病毒感染是全球最常见的原因,在大多数情况下,丙型肝炎病毒和酒精性肝硬化在美国较多,包括自身免疫性肝炎,胆管疾病,非酒精性脂肪性肝炎和遗传性疾病,包括血色素沉着症和α-1抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症等原因所导致的肝硬化。肝硬化的自然发展过程通常可以分为两个阶段-代偿期和失代偿期。Child-Pugh(CP)分类的形式,Child-Pugh A类疾病代表代偿性肝硬化,而Child-Pugh B级和C级代表失代偿性疾病。肝脏特异性并发症的进展分为两个阶段,其中包括黄疸,静脉曲张出血,顽固性腹水和肝性脑病,代偿性肝硬化患者与失代偿期肝硬化相比具有相对较好的预后。通过正确的治疗,肝硬化患者可以保持几年的平稳期,中位生存期近十年。当肝硬化患者进展为失代偿期时,其临床过程会导致与代谢和血液动力障碍相关的并发症的发生,预后较差。肝硬化也可导致肝脏进行性发展为肝细胞癌(HCC)。HCC是失代偿期疾病死亡的主要原因。HCC与酒精性肝硬化相比,更常见来源于慢性病毒性肝炎,尽管两者都可能发展为恶性.门静脉高血压是肝硬化最严重的并发症。肝硬化导致门静脉高压的机制主要有以下两种。首先,实质性肝细胞内的慢性炎症会引起瘢痕组织的纤维化和积聚。肝细胞结构紊乱的结果成为门静脉血流的机械障碍。第二,肝硬化通过不同的分子机制诱导血管内皮功能障碍。内脏和门静脉主干最显著地受到这种变化的影响。肝内血管本身变得易于收缩,这会进一步增加门静脉阻力。门静脉高压被描述为门静脉系统压力的病理改变。由于门静脉压的直接测量是创伤性和不切实际的,现在选择肝静脉压力梯度(HVPG)的测量用于门静脉高压的诊断。肝静脉压力梯度是指腹腔下腔静脉和门静脉之间的压力差,通常在1-5mm Hg之间。HVPG超过5mm Hg是门静脉高压的诊断标准,当HVPG增加超过10mm Hg时,与门静脉高压相关的并发症的发生率显着增加(例如,胃食管静脉曲张和临床失代偿期的发展)。此外,HVPG与肝功能衰竭严重程度,曲张静脉大小和静脉曲张出血风险直接相关。门静脉高压是肝硬化的严重并发症。脾功能衰竭是慢性肝病患者的典型并发症,与肝硬化严重程度相关,导致白细胞计数,血小板计数和血红蛋白水平降低。严重的血小板减少症,因为脾功能亢进显着增加自发性出血的风险,并可延误肝硬化患者的诊断或治疗程序,如干扰素治疗,肝活检和肝细胞癌切除术。此外,由于脾功能亢进引起的白细胞减少可引起细菌感染。由于门静脉高压引起的肝硬化患者的脾功能衰竭(血小板减少症,白细胞减少症或两者均有相关的血液学综合征)和脾肿大。脾肿大是门静脉高压的不变特征,导致这些患者可观察到的血小板减少症和粒细胞减少症。如果通过分流手术或肝移植缓解门静脉高压,这些可能会得到改善。脾切除术通常仅适用于门静脉高压导致症状性食管胃静脉曲张的患者.什么原因导致门静脉高血压肝硬化是最常见的,只有美国90%的病例导致门静脉高压计数的各种情况。肝硬化被分类为门静脉高压的主要原因之一,因为门静脉阻塞是肝内性质的。其他原因可分为肝前性和肝后性.先天性原因包括与肿瘤,血吸虫病,先天性肝纤维化和自身免疫疾病如原发性胆汁性肝硬化有关的一系列改变。门静脉的血栓也可导致前列腺癌的发生,可能由新生儿高凝状态或脐血脓毒症引起。在这些病例中,肝脏本身是正常的,这意味着门静脉高压可能在没有肝硬化的情况下发生。慢性肾脏原因很罕见,与肝静脉或右心室内的病理改变有关。肝静脉的血栓形成是称为Budd-Chiari综合征的postinusoidal的最常见的原因,并且由高凝状态或骨髓增生性疾病发展而来。柱状梗阻的其他原因包括下腔静脉腹膜,与肿瘤有关的级联效应,充血性心力衰竭和限制性心包炎。门静脉高血压流行病学世界范围内肝硬化的发生率是未知的。据估计,在欧洲国家,患病率水平相当于美国0.15%,而在亚洲和非洲国家,慢病毒性乙型肝炎病毒感染普遍存在。门静脉高压(PHT)与肝炎后肝硬化的发生率高于世界上任何地方。脾切除术的重要性脾切除术已成为门静脉高压症,慢性肝病,脾功能亢进和肝细胞癌患者的治疗方案。已经描述脾切除术可以减少门静脉血流量并改善全血细胞减少。长期肝功能的变化在腹腔镜脾切除术(LS)后,仍有待进一步研究。另一方面,脾切除术已经成熟,用来改善肝硬化患者、肝细胞癌患者的全血细胞减少症.因此,中国和日本的肝硬化继发性脾功能亢进患者仍然主要进行脾切除术。门静脉高压并发症门静脉高压是慢性肝病最常见且严重的并发症。这种并发症是大多数严重的肝硬化临床症状的病因,如胃食管静脉曲张(GEVs)和门静脉高压性胃病,腹水,自发性细菌性腹膜炎(SBP),肝肾综合征(H

关键词：门脉高压肝硬化腹腔镜脾切除术开腹脾切除术

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快眼动睡眠行为障碍与额叶癫痫的鉴别及两者对睡眠参数影响的分析

快眼动睡眠行为障碍与额叶癫痫的鉴别及两者对睡眠参数影响的分析

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作者： Niman Ahmed muse 吉林大学

学位级别：硕士

目的:本研究的主要目的是鉴别睡眠中的发作性事件主要包括:快眼动睡眠行为障碍（RBD）和额叶癫痫（FLE）,分析两者对睡眠相关参数的影响。方法:收集2018年6月至2019年12月间就诊于第一医院神经内科睡眠中心的FLE和RBD患者及年龄性别相... 详细信息

目的:本研究的主要目的是鉴别睡眠中的发作性事件主要包括:快眼动睡眠行为障碍（RBD）和额叶癫痫（FLE）,分析两者对睡眠相关参数的影响。方法:收集2018年6月至2019年12月间就诊于第一医院神经内科睡眠中心的FLE和RBD患者及年龄性别相匹配的正常对照组共36例,每组12例,通过分析临床一般资料,24h EEG和PSG,比较其行为学特点及神经电生理差异。结果:RBD患者及FLE患者之间发病年龄有显著的统计学差异（P＜0.05）。RBD组患者表现为R期与梦境相关的喊叫和拍打（3例）,下肢运动（9例）,上肢摆动（8例）睡眠中含糊讲话7例;癫痫组表现为睡眠2期的发作性觉醒夜间过度运动发作（6例）,睡眠中坐起（5例）,意识障碍（12例）。RBD组显示PSG的RSWA,FLE组24hEEG表现为额区和额颞区的尖波和尖慢波,有1例患者FLE共病RBD患者的电生理检查可见24h EEG即显示尖慢波和PSG中的RSWA。病例组（RBD和FLE患者）与对照组之间的比较的结果显示,病例组和对照组之间SE,N1,WASO存在显著差异（P＜0.05）,微觉醒指数,AHI和PLM指数也存在显著差异（P＜0.010）。RBD与FLE组的组间比较结果显示,RBD组觉醒指数及N1时间高于癫痫组;RBD组的AHI及PLMD值高于癫痫组（P＜0.05）。结论:通过临床特征及PSG和24h-EEG相结合的方法可以有效鉴别RBD和额叶癫痫病,两者均影响睡眠参数及睡眠质量。RBD组对睡眠质量的影响大于额叶癫痫对其影响,RBD常伴有睡眠呼吸暂停低通气和睡眠中周期性肢体运动障碍。

关键词：快眼动睡眠行为障碍额叶癫痫睡眠监测 24h长程脑电图睡眠行为

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2型糖尿病患者的肾脏病谱：一项单中心研究

2型糖尿病患者的肾脏病谱：一项单中心研究

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作者： AMIR muse MOHAMUD 山东大学

学位级别：硕士

背景:糖尿病肾病是终末期肾脏病的主要原因,并与心血管疾病死亡率增加相关。然而,除糖尿病肾病之外,2型糖尿病患者也可能患有非糖尿病肾病。目的:本研究旨在探究通过肾活检明确诊断之后,2型糖尿病患者中非糖尿病肾病的发生率及类型,评... 详细信息

背景:糖尿病肾病是终末期肾脏病的主要原因,并与心血管疾病死亡率增加相关。然而,除糖尿病肾病之外,2型糖尿病患者也可能患有非糖尿病肾病。目的:本研究旨在探究通过肾活检明确诊断之后,2型糖尿病患者中非糖尿病肾病的发生率及类型,评估临床及实验室指标与组织病理学结果的关系,探究非糖尿病肾病的关键预测因素。方法:回顾性分析2015年1月至2020年12月于山东大学齐鲁医院住院期间行经皮肾穿刺活检术的101例2型糖尿病患者的临床资料。结果:肾穿刺结果显示有59例（58.42%）患者为非糖尿病肾病,32例（31.68%）为糖尿病肾病,10例（9.90%）为糖尿病肾病合并非糖尿病肾病。其中,最常见的非糖尿肾病的病理类型为膜性肾病（42%）,其次为局灶性节段性肾小球硬化（11.6%）、IgA肾病（10.1%）。通过单变量分析可以得出,非糖尿病肾病组患者的年龄更大（p＜0.018）,其糖尿病病史更短（p＜0.000）,蛋白尿水平更低（p＜0.030）,但血红蛋白水平较高（p＜0.006）。通过多元逻辑回归分析可以得出,较短的糖尿病病程（OR 0.986;95%CI=0.978-0.993;p=0.000）和高龄（OR 1.080;95%CI=1.028-1.134;p=0.002）是非糖尿病肾病的危险因素。在受试者工作特征曲线分析中,糖尿病病程≤78个月（截断值（0.725,0.313））的曲线下面积最大。结论:2型糖尿病患者的高龄、高血红蛋白水平以及较短的糖尿病病史可能与非糖尿病肾病相关。非糖尿病肾病和糖尿病肾病的治疗方案不同,因而其早期诊断对肾脏预后具有积极意义。然而,对于非糖尿病肾病的危险因素分析,仍需开展更多大型多中心随机前瞻性研究。

关键词： 2型糖尿病非糖尿病肾病糖尿病肾病肾活检

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Influence of Constituent Materials Properties on the Compressive Strength of in Situ Concrete in Kenya

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2017年第1期7卷 63-81页

作者： Victoria Akoth Okumu Stanley muse Shitote Walter Odhiambo Oyawa Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences Technology and Innovations (PAUISTI) Hosted at Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) Juja Kenya Multimedia University of Kenya Nairobi Kenya Rongo University Rongo Kenya Commission of University Education Nairobi Kenya

The poor quality of Kenyan in situ concrete has necessitated research to establish the properties of the ingredient materials and their influence on the troubling rate of failure of reinforced concrete structures in the country during construction and usage. The compressive strength of concrete relies on the properties of the constituent materials, proportions of the mixture, workmanship, compaction method and curing conditions. This paper outlines findings of an experimental investigation on the properties of Kenyan concrete ingredient materials and their influence on the compressive strength of concrete in Kenya. Three types of cements (42.5N, 32.5R, 32.5N) from six different cement manufacturers and fine aggregates from three different regions in the country were used during the study. Cements and aggregates chemical analysis was done using the Atomic Absorption Spectrometer machine while the physical and the mechanical properties were checked based on the British Standards. The British DOE concrete mix design method was used to generate the concrete mix proportion and concrete was tested for early and ultimate compressive strengths at 7, 14 and 28 days. It was observed that the different cement brands have varying properties with CEM A having the highest ultimate compressive and flexural strengths. It was further noted that aggregates from the coastal region produced concrete of higher compressive strengths. When the commonly used mix design method was adopted, blended Portland cements produced concrete with ultimate compressive strengths lower than the designed target strengths. The study therefore recommends the development of a concrete mix design procedure for blended cement concrete production in Kenya.

关键词： Blended Portland Cement Ordinary Portland Cement Concrete Compressive Strength Concrete Constituent Materials Blended Portland Cement Concrete

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