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Preliminary Studies on Composition, Quality and Oxidative Stability of Commercial Avocado Oil Produced in Chile

Journal of Food Science and Engineering 2014年第1期4卷 21-26页

作者： marcos alexis flores Maria Del Carmen Perez-Camino Jose Troca Basic Science Department Faculty of Science University of Santo Tom6s Avda. Carlos Schorr 255 Talca 3473620 Chile Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC) Avda. Padre Tejero 4 Seville 41012 Spain

Avocado oil is a relatively new oil in the market and is highly appreciated by the consumers because of its fine aroma, pleasant taste and health benefits. A study on the characterization of commercial avocado oils produced in Chile was conducted in order to discuss their quality parameters. The study was applied to two marketed avocado oils. The main analytical parameters evaluated to the oils were： fatty acid composition, total chlorophylls, total carotenoids, tocopherols, acid value, peroxide value, total phenolic compounds, polar compounds, oil stability, UV absorption and 3.5-stigmastadiene content. The fatty acid compositions of the studied oils were according with oil composition of pulp pure of avocado fruit. The analysis of tocopherols by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） revealed significant differences between the avocado oils studied. Total phenolic compounds, oil stability, UV Absorption characteristics, peroxide value, acid value, tocopherols content, total chlorophylls, total carotenoids and polar compounds were also significantly different between the commercial studied oils. All the above results show a different quality between both commercial avocado oils, showing that the sample C has worse values for the parameters of quality as those required by legislation in many countries. Also, 3.5-stigmastadiene content shows high concentration for one of the commercial avocado oil evaluated which demonstrates the presence of refined oil or that the oil has been submitted to high temperatures. On the other hand it is remarkable that despite the fact that there are many differences in quality parameters, both oils are labeled and marketed as extra virgin quality oils, demonstrating the need to regulate the classification of appreciated oils by the consumers.

关键词： Avocado oil 3.5-estigmastadiene polar compounds quality parameters.

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From liver to hormones:The endocrine consequences of cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第9期30卷 1073-1095页

作者： Juan Eduardo Quiroz-Aldave Elman Rolando Gamarra-Osorio María del Carmen Durand-Vásquez Luciana del Pilar Rafael-Robles Jhean Gabriel Gonzáles-Yovera María Alejandra Quispe-flores Luis Alberto Concepción-Urteaga Alejandro Román-González José Paz-Ibarra Marcio José Concepción-Zavaleta Non-communicable Diseases Endocrinology Research LineHospital de Apoyo ChepénChepén 13871Peru Department of Endocrinology Hospital Víctor Lazarte EchegarayTrujillo 13006Peru Department of Endocrinology Clínica Javier PradoLima 15046Peru Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara IrigoyénLima 15018Peru Department of Endocrinology Hospital de Emergencias GrauLima 15001Peru Internal Medicine Hospital Regional Docente de TrujilloTrujillo 13011Peru Department of Endocrinology Hospital Universitario de San Vicente FundaciónMedellin 050010Colombia Internal Medicine Universidad de AntioquiaMedellín 050010Colombia School of Medicine Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Department of Endocrinology Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati MartinsLima 15072Peru Carrera de Medicina Humana Universidad Científica del SurLima 15067Peru

Hepatocrinology explores the intricate relationship between liver function and the endocrine *** liver diseases such as liver cirrhosis can cause endocrine disorders due to toxin accumulation and protein synthesis *** its importance,assessing endocrine issues in cirrhotic patients is frequently *** article provides a comprehensive review of the epidemiology,pathophysiology,diagnosis,and treatment of endocrine disturbances in liver *** review was conducted using the PubMed/Medline,EMBASE,and Scielo databases,encompassing 172 *** cirrhosis is associated with endocrine disturbances,including diabetes,hypoglycemia,sarcopenia,thyroid dysfunction,hypogonadotropic hypogonadism,bone disease,adrenal insufficiency,growth hormone dysfunction,and secondary *** optimal tools for diagnosing diabetes and detecting hypoglycemia are the oral glucose tolerance test and continuous glucose monitoring system,*** can be assessed through imaging and functional tests,while other endocrine disorders are evaluated using hormonal assays and imaging *** options include metformin,glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs,sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors,and insulin,which are effective and safe for diabetes *** standards are followed for managing hypoglycemia,and hormone replacement therapy is often necessary for other endocrine *** transplantation can address some of these problems.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Hypoglycemia Thyroid diseases Hypogonadism Metabolic bone diseases Liver cirrhosis

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The human olfactory system in two proteinopathies: Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2020年第2期9卷 270-289页

作者： Isabel Ubeda-Bañon Daniel Saiz-Sanchez Alicia flores-Cuadrado Ernesto Rioja-Corroto Melania Gonzalez-Rodriguez Sandra Villar-Conde Veronica Astillero-Lopez Juan Pablo Cabello-de la Rosa Maria Jose Gallardo-Alcañiz Julia Vaamonde-Gamo Fernanda Relea-Calatayud Lucia Gonzalez-Lopez Alicia Mohedano-Moriano Alberto Rabano Alino Martinez-marcos Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory Ciudad Real Medical SchoolCRIBUniversity of Castilla-La Mancha13005Ciudad RealSpain Neurology Service Ciudad Real General University Hospital13005Ciudad RealSpain Pathology Service Ciudad Real General University Hospital13005Ciudad RealSpain Faculty of Health Sciences University of Castilla-La ManchaTalavera de la ReinaSpain Neuropathology Department and Tissue Bank CIEN FoundationCarlos III Health InstituteMadridSpain

Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases are the most prevalent neurodegenerative *** etiologies are idiopathic,and treatments are symptomatic and orientated towards cognitive or motor ***,both are proteinopathies with pathological aggregates(plaques of amyloid-β peptide and neurofibrillary tangles of tau protein in Alzheimer’s disease,and Lewy bodies mostly composed of α-synuclein in Parkinson’s disease).These deposits appear in the nervous system in a predictable and accumulative sequence with six neuropathological *** disorders present a long prodromal period,characterized by preclinical signs including ***,the olfactory system,particularly the anterior olfactory nucleus,is initially and preferentially affected by the *** atrophy revealed by magnetic resonance imaging must be complemented by histological analyses to ascertain whether neuronal and/or glial loss or neuropil remodeling are responsible for volumetric *** has been proposed that these proteinopathies could act in a prion-like manner in which a misfolded protein would be able to force native proteins into pathogenic folding(seeding),which then propagates through neurons and glia(spreading).Existing data have been examined to establish why some neuronal populations are vulnerable while others are resistant to pathology and to what extent glia prevent and/or facilitate proteinopathy *** approaches reveal a number of hubs in the olfactory system(anterior olfactory nucleus,olfactory entorhinal cortex and cortical amygdala)that are key interconnectors with the main hubs(the entorhinal–hippocampal–cortical and amygdala–dorsal motor vagal nucleus)of network dysfunction in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.

关键词： α-Synuclein Amyloid-β Anterior olfactory nucleus Hyposmia Tau protein

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Surfactant-free synthesis of metallic bismuth spheres by microwave-assisted solvothermal approach as a function of the power level

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Frontiers of Materials Science 2016年第4期10卷 394-404页

作者： Miriam ESTRADA flores Patricia SANTIAGO JACINTO Carmen M. REZA SAN GERMAN Luis RENDON VAZQUEZ Raul BORJA URBY Nicolas CAYETANO CASTRO Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales Circuito Exterior S/N Zona de Institutos Ciudad Universitaria C.P. 04510 Mexico D.F. Mexico Instituto de Fisica Circuito de la Investigaci6n Cientffica Edificio Marcos MoshinskyLaboratorio de Materiales Nanoestructurados Ciudad Universitaria C.P. 04510 Mexico D.F. Mexico Escuela Superior de Ingenierfa Qufmica e Industrias Extractivas Unidad Profesional Adolfo L6pez Mateos Edif. Z-5 2do. Piso Instituto Politecnico Nacional C.P. 07738 Mexico D.F. Mexico Centro de Nanociencias y Micro y Nanotecnologfas. Instituto Politecnico Nacional Av. Luis Enrique Erro S/NUnidad Profesional Adolfo Lopez Mateos Zacatenco Delegaci6n Gustavo A. Madero C.P. 07738 Mexico D.F. Mexico

In the present work, the synthesis of micro- and nano-sized spheres of metallic bismuth by microwave-assisted solvothermal method is reported. The synthesis method was carried out at different power levels and at a unique frequency of microwave irradiation. The sphere sizes were controlled by the microwave power level and the concentration of dissolved precursor. Structural and morphological characterization was performed by SEM, HRTEM, EELS and XRD. The results demonstrated that rhombohedral zero valent Bi spheres were synthesized after microwave radiation at 600 and 1200 W. However, if the power level is decreased to 120 W, a monoclinic phase of Bi203 is obtained with a flake-like morphology. In comparison with a conventional hydrothermal process, the microwave-assisted solvothermal approach provides many advantages such as shorter reaction time, optimum manipulation of morphologies and provides a specific chemical phase and avoids the mixture of structural phases and morphologies which is essential for further applications such as drug delivery or functionalization with organic materials, thanks to its biocompatibility.

关键词： microwave oven power level metallic bismuth spherical structures mechanism of formation electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS)

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“Anti-Michael” and Michael Additions in the Reactions of 2-Arylmethyliden-1,3-Indandiones with 2-Aminothiophenol

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International Journal of Organic Chemistry 2017年第1期7卷 57-81页

作者： Jessica J. Sá nchez Garcí a Alberto D. Herná ndez-Suzan Elena Martí nez-Klimova marcos flores-Alamo Teresa Ramí rez Apan Elena I. Klimova Departamento de Quí mica Orgá nica Universidad Nacional Aut&oacute noma de Mé xico Facultad de Qu&iacute mica Cd. Universitaria Ciudad de M&eacute xico M&eacute xico Instituto de Quí mica Universidad Nacional Aut&oacute noma de Mé xico Facultad de Qu&iacute mica Cd. Universitaria Ciudad de M&eacute xico M&eacute xico

A novel 2-indano[2,3b]-2-ferrocenyl- and 2-indano[2,3b]-2-(p-methoxy-phenyl)[1,5]benzo-2,5-dihydrothiazepine 5a,b (addition Michael/cyclization) (~30.32%), indano[2,3b]-2-ferrocenyl- and 2-(p-methoxyphenyl)[1,4] benzothiazine 4a,b (addition “anti-Michael”/cyclization) (~45.43%), respectively, were obtained by the condensation of 2-ferrocenyl-and 2-(p-methoxy-phenyl)methyliden-1,3-indandiones 1a,b with o-aminothiophenol 2 in the presence of AcOH and HCl. A new “anti-Michael” addition reaction of 1,4-bis-heteronucleophile 2 into 2-arylmethyliden-1,3-indandiones was reported. As a result of this reaction the product 1a,b was obtained. The structures of the resultant compounds were elucidated by IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental and X-ray diffraction analysis. The in vitro antitumor activity of the obtained products was researched using the following human cancer cell lines: glioblastoma (CNS U-251), prostatic adenocarcinoma (PC-3), chronic myelogenous leukemia (K562), colorectal adenocarcinoma (HCT-15), mammary adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), and small cell lung cancer (SKLU) and the sulforhodamine B (SRB) method. Among these new compounds some thiazine and thiazepine derivatives showed compelling in vitro antitumor effects on cell lines K-562, HCT-15, SKLU-1 and MCF-7.

关键词： Ferrocene Addition “Anti-Michael” Reaction Cyclization 1 5-Thiazepines 4-Thiazines Antitumor Cell Lines

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Synthesis, Electrochemistry and Antitumor Activity of 1’H, 3’H(Me)-spiro-[(aza)benzimidazoline-2’, 3-(1,2-diferrocenylcyclopropenes)], 2-(1,2-Diferrocenylvinyl)benz- and Azabenzimidazoles

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Open Journal of Synthesis Theory and Applications 2014年第4期3卷 44-56页

作者： Jessica J. Sánchez García Luis Ortiz-Frade Elena Martínez-Klimova Juan C. García Ramos marcos flores-Alamo Teresa Ramírez Apan Elena I. Klimova Faculty of Chemistry University National Autonomous of México México City México Centre of Investigation and Development Technology in Electrochemistry S.C. Queretaro México Departament of Bioengineering South Kensington Imperial College London London UK Institute of Chemistry University National Autonomous of México México City México

A new method of synthesis of 2-(1,2-diferrocenylvinyl)benz- and azabenzimidazoles (3a-f), (4a-f) and 1’H,3’H(Me)-spiro-[(aza)benzimidazoline-2’,3-(1,2-diferrocenylcyclopropenes)] (5a-f) via reactions of diferrocenyl(methylsulfanyl)cyclopropenylium iodide (1) with aromatic o-diamines (2a-f) in the presence of Et3N (80°C - 82°C) is described. The structures of the resultant compounds are established using IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The structure of one compound, cis-2-(1,2-diferrocenylvinyl)-1-methylbenzimidazole (3b), is confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The electrochemical properties of compounds 3a, 3b, 3d and 5f are investigated using cyclic square wave voltammetry. Two electrochemical processes (I-II), attributed to oxidation of the ferrocene moieties, and the values of E0’(I), E0’(II), DE0’(II-I) and comporportionation constant Kcom are reported. The bioactivities of seven compounds 3a, 3c-f, 5d, 5f are evaluated. Compound 5f is the most active compound with a modest cytotoxic activity against six human cancer cell lines: U-251 (glioma), PC-3 (prostate cancer), K-562 (leukemia), HCT-15 (colon cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer) and SKLU-1 (lung cancer).

关键词： Diferrocenyl(methylthio)cyclopropenylium 2-(1 2-Diferrocenylvinyl)(aza)benzimidazoles 1’H 3’H(Me)-spiro-[(aza)benzimidazoline-2’ 3-(1 2-diferrocenylcyclopropenes)] Electrochemistry Antitumor Activity

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Diversity and host assemblage of avian haemosporidians in different terrestrial ecoregions of Peru

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Current Zoology 2022年第1期68卷 27-40页

作者： Luz GARCIA-LONGORIA Jaime MURIEL Sergio MAGALLANES Zaira Hellen VILLA-GALARCE Leonila RICOPA Wilson Giancarlo INGA-DIAZ Esteban FONG Daniel VECCO Cesar GUERRA-SALDANA Teresa SALAS-RENGIFO Wendy flores-SAAVEDRA Kathya ESPINOZA Carlos MENDOZA Blanca SALDANA Manuel GONZALEZ-BLAZQUEZ Henry GONZALES-PINEDO Charlene LUJAN-VEGA Carlos Alberto Del AGUILA Yessica VILCA-HERRERA Carlos Alberto PINEDA Carmen REATEGUI Jorge Manuel CARDENAS-CALLIRGOS JoseAlberto IANNACONE Jorge Luis MENDOZA Ravinder NMSEHGAL Alfonso MARZAL Departamento de Anatomia Biologia Celular y ZoologiaUniversidad de ExtremaduraBadajoz E-506071Spain Molecular Ecology and Evolution Lab Department of BiologyLund UniversitySolvegatan 37SE-22362 LundSweden Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologıa-IPE(CSIC) Avda.Nuestra Senora de la Victoria 16Jaca 22700Spain DIRESA Direccion Regional de SaludLoreto 16001Peru Departamento Academico de Microbiologia y Parasitologia.Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia PeruanaIquitos 16001Peru Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Universidad Alas PeruanasLima 15823Peru EverGreen Institute-San Rafael Distrito de IndianaLoreto 16200Peru Observatorio de Aves Loreto(LBO) Distrito de San JuanLoreto 16008Peru Centro Urku de Estudios Amazonicos Tarapoto 22200Peru Servicio Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado 15036Peru Sanidad Animal-Facultad de Zootecnia Universidad Nacional Agraria La MolinaLima 15012Peru Laboratorio de Microbiologia Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y ZootecniaUniversidad CientUfica del SurLima 15067Peru Laboratorio de Analisis Clinico Moraleslab SAC MoralesSan Martin 22201Peru Asociacion Ecosistemas Andinos(ECOAN) Cuzco 08002Peru Pharmacology and Toxicology Graduate Group University of CaliforniaDavisDA 95616USA Global Health Initiative Wabash CollegeCrawfordsvilleIN 47933USA Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Universidad Nacional Hermilio ValdizanHuanuco10160Peru Asociacion Peruana de Helmintologia e Invertebrados Afines Lima 15054Peru Laboratorio de Ecologia y Biodiversidad Animal Universidad Nacional Federico VillarrealEl AgustinoLima 15007Peru Laboratorio de Invertebrados Universidad Ricardo Palma-Santiago de SurcoLima 15537Peru Department of Biology San Francisco State UniversitySan FranciscoCA 94132USA

Characterizing the diversity and structure of host–parasite communities is crucial to understandingtheir eco-evolutionary *** and related haemosporidian parasites are responsible forfitness loss and mortality in bird species ***,despite exhibiting the greatest ornithologicalbiodiversity,avian haemosporidians from Neotropical regions are quite ***,we analyze the genetic diversity of bird haemosporidian parasites(Plasmodium andHaemoproteus)in 1,336 individuals belonging to 206 bird species to explore for differences in diversityof parasite lineages and bird species across 5 well-differentiated Peruvian *** 70 different haemosporidian lineages infecting 74 bird *** showed that 25 out ofthe 70 haplotypes had not been previously ***,we also identified 81 new host–parasite interactions representing new host records for these haemosporidian *** outcomesrevealed that the effective diversity(as well as the richness,abundance,and Shannon–Weaver index)for both birds and parasite lineages was higher in Amazon basin ***,we also showed that ecoregions with greater diversity of bird species also had highparasite richness,hence suggesting that host community is crucial in explaining parasite *** parasites were found in ecoregions with lower bird diversity,implying that the abundanceand richness of hosts may shape the exploitation strategy followed by haemosporidian *** outcomes reveal that Neotropical region is a major reservoir of unidentified *** studies analyzing host distribution and specificity of these parasites inthe tropics will provide important knowledge about phylogenetic relationships,phylogeography,and patterns of evolution and distribution of haemosporidian parasites.

关键词： Amazonia avian malaria generalist parasite habitat specificity Haemoproteus Plasmodium specialist parasite

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Diagnosis and management of small bowel neuroendocrine tumors:A state-of-the-art

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World Journal of Methodology 2022年第5期12卷 381-391页

作者： Jhean Gabriel Gonzáles-Yovera Pela J Roseboom Marcio Concepción-Zavaleta Isamar Gutiérrez-Córdova Esteban Plasencia-Dueñas María Quispe-flores Anthony Ramos-Yataco Carlos Alcalde-Loyola Frederick Massucco-Revoredo JoséPaz-Ibarra Luis Concepción-Urteaga Division of Gastroenterology María Auxiliadora HospitalLima 15801Peru Division of Emergency Medicine Regional Academic Hospital of TrujilloTrujillo 13011Peru Division of Endocrinology Stella Maris ClinicLima 15084Peru Division of Gastroenterology Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen National HospitalLima 12590Peru Division of Endocrinology Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen National HospitalLima 12590Peru Division of Internal Medicine Ricardo Cruzado Rivarola HospitalIca 110301Peru School of Medicine National University of TrujilloTrujillo 13007Peru Department of Medicine School of MedicineNational University of San MarcosLima 15001Peru Division of Internal Medicine School of MedicineNational University of TrujilloTrujillo 13011Peru

This review provides an update on the epidemiology,pathophysiology,symptoms,diagnosis and treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasms(NENs)of the small bowel(SB).These NENs are defined as a group of neoplasms deriving from neuroendocrine *** are currently the most common primary tumors of the SB,mainly involving the ileum,making the SB the most frequently affected part of the gastrointestinal *** NENs by definition are located between the ligament of Treitz and the ileocecal *** are characterized by small size and induce an extensive fibrotic reaction in the small intestine including the mesentery,resulting in narrowing or twisting of the *** manifestations of bowel functionality are related to the precise location of the primary *** majority of them are non-functional NENs and generally asymptomatic;in an advanced stage,NENs present symptoms of mass effect by non-specific abdominal pain or carcinoid syndrome which appears in patients with liver metastasis(around 10%).The main manifestations of the carcinoid syndrome are facial flushing(94%),diarrhea(78%),abdominal cramps(50%),heart valve disease(50%),telangiectasia(25%),wheezing(15%)and edema(19%).Diagnosis is made by imaging or biochemical tests,and the order of request will depend on the initial diagnostic hypothesis,while confirmation will always be *** patients with a localized SB NEN with or without near metastasis in the mesentery are recommended for curative *** and distant spread may be susceptible to several therapeutic strategies,such as chemotherapy,somatostatin analogs and palliative resection.

关键词： Neuroendocrine Tumor Small bowel Small intestine Gastrointestinal disease Treatment Survival

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