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Cluster sampling methodology to evaluate immunization coverage

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World Journal of Methodology 2024年第3期14卷 78-89页

作者： Aishwarya Sharma RB Jain Jitesh Satija Aditi Sharma Avani Sharma Sudhir shekhawat Department of Community Medicine School of Medical Sciences&ResearchSharda UniversityGreater Noida 201306UPIndia Department of Community Medicine World College of Medical Sciences&ResearchJhajjar 124103HaryanaIndia Department of Community Medicine ESIC Medical College&HospitalFaridabad 121012HaryanaIndia Department of Community Medicine Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences&ResearchNew Delhi 110062India Department of Community Medicine Pt.B.D.Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical SciencesRohtak 124001HaryanaIndia Independent Biostatistician Ghaziabad 201014UPIndia

BACKGROUND Immunization is a key component of primary health care and an indisputable human *** are critical to the prevention and control of infectious disease *** coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic and associated disruptions over the past two years have strained the health systems,with many children missing out on essential childhood *** To evaluate the immunization coverage among 12-23-month-old children in the rural areas of Community Health Centre(CHC)Dighal and to determine the factors influencing the existing immunization *** A coverage evaluation survey was conducted according to the 30-cluster sampling technique,which is the standard methodology for such surveys devised by World Health Organization.A total of 300 children aged 12-23 months were included,whose immunization details were noted from their immunization *** Full immunization rate was noted in 86.7%of the children,with partial and non-immunized children accounting for 9%and 4.3%*** full immunization dropout rate was 4.2%.The common reasons for partial or non-immunization were family problem including illness of mother,vaccine not being available and child being *** of birth(P=0.014)and availability of immunization card(P<0.001)were significant predictors of the immunization *** the study was conducted in 2020/2021,health services were disrupted due to the COVID-19 *** Due to the coverage being higher than the national average,it was concluded that the immunization coverage was optimal and not affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

关键词： Immunization coverage Children COVID 19 pandemic Vaccines Family health Routine immunization

Algorithm for constructing an optimally connected rectangular floor plan

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2014年第3期3卷 324-330页

作者： Krishnendra shekhawat Department of Mathematics University of Geneva Geneva 1211 Switzerland

In most apptications, such as urbanism and architecture, randomty utitizing given spaces is certainty not favorable. This study proposes an expticit algorithm for utitizing the given spaces inside a rectangte with satisfactory resutts. In the titerature, connectivity is not considered as a criterion for floor plan design, but it is deemed essentiat in architecture. For example, dinin8 rooms are preferabty connected to kitchens, toitets shoutd be connected to many rooms, and each bedroom should be separated from the other rooms. This paper describes adjacency among spaces and proves that the obtained rectangular floor plan is one of the best ones in terms of connectivity. An architectural and mathematicat object catted extra spaces is introduced by the proposed algorithm and is subseauenttv examined in this work.

关键词： Floor plan Extra space Algorithm Adjacency

Understanding peroral absorption:regulatory aspects and contemporary approaches to tackling solubility and permeability hurdles

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2017年第3期7卷 260-280页

作者： Prachi B.shekhawat Varsha B.Pokharkar Department of Pharmaceutics Poona College of PharmacyBharati Vidyapeeth Deemed UniversityErandwaneKothrudPune 411038India

Oral drug absorption is a process influenced by the physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties of the drug and its inter-relationship with the gastrointestinal tract. Drug solubility, dissolution and permeability across intestinal barrier are the key parameters controlling absorption. This review provides an overview of the factors that affect drug absorption and the classification of a drug on the basis of solubility and permeability. The biopharmaceutical classification system(BCS) was introduced in early90's and is a regulatory tool used to predict bioavailability problems associated with a new entity, thereby helping in the development of a drug product. Strategies to combat solubility and permeability issues are also discussed.

关键词： BCS Solubility Permeability Formulation strategies Factors affecting absorption

Foliar Micromorphology of In Vitro-cultured Shoots and Field-grown Plants of Passiflora foetida

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2017年第1期3卷 34-40页

作者： Manokari Mani Mahipal Singh shekhawat Department of Botany Kanchi Mamunivar Centre for Post Graduate Studies Biotechnology Laboratory Department of Plant ScienceMahatma Gandhi Government College

The present report describes the development of quantitative and qualitative foliar micromorphological and architectural features in the field environment which elucidated the adaptation of micropropagated plants of Passiflora foetida L. in the natural soil conditions. The field environment(high light intensity in comparison to in vitro culture conditions) promotes the autotrophy through decrease in stomatal index(from 23.2 ± 0.15 to 21.0 ± 0.19), increased vein-islets(from 10.0 ± 0.14 to 15.6 ± 0.24 per square millimeters) and veinlet terminations(from 1.6 ± 0.14 to 5.0 ± 0.20 per square millimeters), and trichome density in P. foetida plantlets. The in vitro and field grown leaves mostly possessed anomocytic and anisocytic types of stomata. Two types of trichomes were observed on the surface of leaves of in vitro as well as field transferred plants of P. foetida: the unicellular hairy trichomes(non-glandular), and the multicellular(glandular) trichomes. The trichomes density was less under in vitro conditions as compared to the in vivo environments. The new leaves formed during the ex vitro rooting stage(in greenhouse) and after transplantation of plantlets to the field exhibited the development of adaptive micromorphological features in micropropagated plants, which enabled them to survive under field conditions.

关键词： Passiflora foetida micromorphology micropropagation stomata trichomes

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2017年第2期20卷 90-93页

作者： Pritish Singh Ashok Kumar Vishal shekhawat Department of Orthopedics Lok Nayak Hospital & Maulana Azad Medical College Delhi India Department of Orthopedics Maharaja Agarsen Medical College Agroha India

Purpose： Scarf is a long loose piece of cloth worn around the neck and shoulder. Despite cultural asso- ciation of this apparel, it is part of numerous injury episodes of varying enormity. Entanglement of loose scarf in spoke wheels of bike, tricycle, belt driven machines like sugarcane juice machine, thresher, grinding machines, etc is observed both in social and industrial milieu. This study aims to investigate the scarf-related injuries at a major trauma center in northern India. Methods： From June 2013 to May 2015, a hospital-based prospective observational study was done in patients who presented to a level 1 trauma center in northern India with the mode of injury involving scarf around the neck. Demographic profile, mode of trauma, contributing factors, injury pattern, and the early management as well as early complications were recorded. Results： There were 76 injuries directly related from scarf with the mean age of patients being 32.4 years. The most common primary factor involved was rotating wheel of motorbike/tricycle （46.1%）, followed by belt driven machines （28.970）. The spectrum of injuries was diverse, including minor abrasions or lac- erations （53.9%）, large lacerations （15.8%）, fractures and spine trauma （18.4%）, mangled extremity and amputations （7.9%） and death （3.9%）. More severe injury patterns were noted with belt driven machines. Conclusion： Scarf-related injuries constitute a sizable proportion of trauma, with varying degrees of severity. Devastating consequences in significant proportion of cases dictate the call for a prevention plan comprising both educational and legislative measures. Urgent preventive measures targeting scarf- related injuries will help reduce mortality and morbidity.

关键词： Scarf injuriesBelt driven machinesLacerationsMangled extremity fractures

Neurocysticercosis presenting as bipolar disorder: a case report

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General Psychiatry 2021年第6期34卷 69-72页

作者： Surbhi Batra Sumit Kumar Lokesh Singh shekhawat Department of Psychiatry Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia HospitalNew DelhiDelhiIndia Department of Radiology Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia HospitalNew DelhiDelhiIndia

Neurocysticercosis is the most common neuro-parasitosis caused by the larval stage of Taenia *** most common manifestations include seizures and *** abnormalities are relatively rare but depressive symptoms are frequent in patients with ***,mania as a presentation is relatively *** and the postpartum period are relatively vulnerable times and they can lead to reactivation of existing neurocysterci *** are discussing the case of a 23-year old female patient with neurocysticercosis leading to the reactivation of lesions in the peripartum and postpartum period leading to bipolar affective *** in the patient was seen with a combination of antipsychotics,antihelmintics,antiepileptics and steroids,along with improved radiological signs of neurocysterci *** neurocysticercosis is a common illness,its prevalence presenting as a manic episode is merely 2.6%and,hence,missed ***,it is important to rule out organic aetiology in patients even with a classic presentation of bipolar affective disorder and those having any other neurological symptoms and signs.

关键词： cysticercosis bipolar patients

Effect of calcination temperature on steam reforming activity of Ni-based pyrochlore catalysts

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Journal of Rare Earths 2020年第7期38卷 711-718,I0002页

作者： Daniel J.Haynes Dushyant shekhawat David Berry Amitava Roy James J.Spivey National Energy Technology Laboratory U.S.Department of Energy3610 Collins Ferry RdMorgantownWV26507 USA Louisiana State University Cain Department of Chemical Engineering3307 Patrick Taylor HallBaton RougeLA70803USA

This work served as the second part of a study evaluating the effect of calcination temperature(700-1000℃) on Ni-based lanthanum zirconate pyrochlore catalysts for methane steam reforming.A previous study(Haynes et ***.2017(43) 16744) provided a thorough characterization of the material properties for the catalysts used here,and this study focuses on the evaluation of catalytic *** activity was assessed by two different experimental studies:the effect of reaction temperature using a temperature programmed surface reaction(TPSR),and the effect of reaction *** results demonstrate a complex interaction between the Ni particles and surface LaOx species under the methane steam reforming ***,the material calcined at the lowest temperature(700℃) possesses the highest activity and selectivity,which is attributed to smaller and more welldispersed Ni particles on the surface,and,more importantly,a lesser degree La enrichment at the *** catalysts were deactivated by steam to NiO under all conditions tested,but at certain low reaction pressure(p=0.23 MPa) conditions the materials calcined at 700-900℃ are able to completely recover equilibrium activity in-situ that is then robust and stable under both low and high reaction pressures(p=1.8 MPa) suggesting the formation of a synergistic relationship between Ni and La for syngas ***,exposure of a fresh material to high reaction pressures leads to a rapid and irreversible loss in both CH4 conversion and syngas selectivity whether in the fresh(no pretreatment),or pretreated(steam,H2 or Ar only at 800℃) form for any *** mechanism for deactivation appears to be due to the presence of LaOx species that become mobile,possibly by the formation of La-OH,and covers the active Ni particles and inhibits sites responsible for the CH4 decomposition.

关键词： Nickel Pyrochlore Methane Steam reforming Catalyst Lanthanum enrichment

Nonunion of forearm fracture： a rare instance in a toddler

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2012年第6期15卷 379-381页

作者： Pramod Saini Sanjay Meena Vishal shekhawat Tanmay S Kishanpuria Department of Orthopaedics All India Institute of Medi-cal Sciences(AIIMS)Ansari NagarNew Delhi 110029India Department of Orthopaedics SMS Medical CollegeJaipurRajasthan 302004

When compared to adults, pediatric frac- tures unite readily and nonunion is quite rare. Nonunion is often associated with open fractures, operative interventions, infection, pediatric osteogenesis imperfecta and neurofibromatosis. There are only a few studies and reports mentioning nonunion following conservative ma- nagement of closed pediatric fractures. We report here a case of an eighteen-month-old child who developed non-union following treatment of fracture of both forearm bones with cast and was successfully treated with plating. To the best of our knowledge, this is the youngest reported case of nonunion following conservative management of closed diaphyseal pediatric fracture.

关键词： Forearm Fractures, bone Child

Machine learning for weed–plant discrimination in agriculture 5.0:An in-depth review

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2023年第4期10卷 13-25页

作者： Filbert H.Juwono W.K.Wong Seema Verma Neha shekhawat Basil Andy Lease Catur Apriono Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool UniversitySuzhou 215123China Dpartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering Curtin University MalaysiaMiri 98009Malaysia School of Physical Sciences Banasthali VidyapithRajasthan 304022India Department of Electrical Engineering Universitas IndonesiaDepok 16424Indonesia

Agriculture 5.0 is an emerging concept where sensors,big data,Internet-of-Things(IoT),robots,and Artificial In-telligence(AI)are used for agricultural *** from Agriculture 4.0,robots and AI become the focus of the implementation in Agriculture *** of the applications of Agriculture 5.0 is weed management where robots are used to discriminate weeds from the crops or plants so that proper action can be performed to remove the *** paper discusses an in-depth review of Machine Learning(ML)techniques used for discriminating weeds from crops or *** specifically present a detailed explanation of five steps required in using ML algorithms to distinguish between weeds and plants.

关键词： Agriculture 5.0 Machine learning Unmanned aerial vehicle Weed-plant discrimination