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Patient-derived skin fibroblasts as a model to study frontotemporal lobar degeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第12期17卷 2669-2671页

作者： Dorit hoffmann Annakaisa Haapasalo A.I.Virtanen Institute for molecular Sciences University of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland

Frontotemporal lobar degeneration(FTLD)is one of the most common causes of early-onset dementia in patients under the age of 65 years.It is a clinically,genetically,and neuropathologically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative syndromes,causing atrophy in the temporal and frontal lobes of the brain.This is accompanied by progressive cognitive dysfunction,behavioral changes,difficulties in understanding or producing speech,and often also neuropsychiatric symptoms(Haapasalo and Remes,2015).moreover,the clinical,genetic,and neuropathological features of FTLD may overlap with those of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS).motor dysfunction is commonly present in FTLD patients and a portion of ALS patients experience frontal and temporal lobe dysfunction(Smith et al.,2019).

关键词： degeneration patients

Comparative studies of critical physiological limits and vulnerability to environmental extremes in small ectotherms:How much environmental control is needed?

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第4期13卷 355-371页

作者： Ary A.hoffmann Carla m.SGRÒ School of BioSciences Bio21 InstituteThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia School of Biological Sciences Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia

Researchers and practitioners are increasingly using comparative assessments of critical thermal and physiological limits to assess the relative vulnerability of ectothermic species to extreme thermal and aridity conditions occurring under climate change.In most assessments of vulnerability,critical limits are compared across taxa exposed to different environmental and developmental conditions.However,many aspects of vulnerability should ideally be compared when species are exposed to the same environmental conditions,allowing a partitioning of sources of variation such as used in quantitative genetics.This is particularly important when assessing the importance of different types of plasticity to critical limits,using phylogenetic analyses to test for evolutionary constraints,isolating genetic variants that contribute to limits,characterizing evolutionary interactions among traits limiting adaptive responses,and when assessing the role of cross generation effects.However,vulnerability assessments based on critical thermal/physiological limits also need to take place within a context that is relevant to field conditions,which is not easily provided under controlled environmental conditions where behavior,microhabitat,stress exposure rates and other factors will differ from field conditions.There are ways of reconciling these requirements,such as by taking organisms from controlled environments and then testing their performance under field conditions(or vice versa).While comparisons under controlled environments are challenging for many taxa,assessments of critical thermal limits and vulnerability will always be incomplete unless environmental effects within and across generations are considered,and where the ecological relevance of assays measuring critical limits can be established.

关键词： comparative studies common garden critical limits ectotherms environmental control thermal limits stress resistance

Characterization of the first Wolbachia from the genus Scaptodrosophila,a male-killer from the rainforest species S.claytoni

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Insect Science 2022年第5期29卷 1401-1413页

作者： Kelly m.Richardson michele Schiffer Perran A.Ross Joshua A.Thia Ary A.hoffmann School of Biosciences Bio21 InstituteThe University of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia Daintree Rainforest Observatory James Cook UniversityCape TribulationQueenslandAustralia

The Scaptodrosophila genus represents a large group of drosophilids with a worldwide distribution and a predominance of species in Australia,but there is little information on the presence and impacts of Wolbachia endosymbionts in this group.Here we describe the first Wolbachia infection from this group,wClay isolated from Scaptodrosophila claytoni(van Klinken),a species from the east coast of Australia.The infection is polymorphic in natural populations,occurring at a frequency of around 6%–10%.wClay causes male killing,producing female-biased lines;most lines showed 100%male killing,though in 1 line it wasmaintained through the introduction of males unless the infection is removed by tetracycline treatment.wClay is transmitted at a high fidelity(98.6%)through the maternal lineage and has been stable in 2 laboratory lines across 24 generations,suggesting it is likely to persist in populations.The infection has not been previously described but is closely related to the male-killing Wolbachia recently described from Drosophila pandora based on multilocus sequence typing and the wsp gene.male-killing Wolbachia are likely to be common in drosophilids but remain difficult to detect because the infections can often be at a low frequency.

关键词： male-killer multilocus sequence typing phenotypic effects Scaptodrosophila Wolbachia

Beyond membranes:The Evolution of Plant Lipid Signaling

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molecular Plant 2020年第7期13卷 952-954页

作者： Susanne hoffmann-Benning Department of Biochemistry and molecular Biology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA

Lipids have many essential functions in plants:They are membrane components and as such play an important role in compartmentation of the cell,membrane curvature,and formation of lipid rafts/microdomains;they participate in vesicle formation and trafficking,and act as a barrier to unrestricted trafficking of molecules.Lipids are also important intermediates in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and storage compounds.Even more interesting is their role in signaling.

关键词： Lipid Plant curvature

Caustics of developable surfaces

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022年第3期23卷 479-487页

作者： miklos hoffmann Imre JUHASZ Ede TROLL Institute of mathematics and Computer Science Eszterhazy Karoly UniversityEger 3300Hungary Department of Computer Graphics and Image Processing University of DebrecenDebrecen 4010Hungary Department of Descriptive Geometry University of MiskolcMiskolc 3515Hungary

While considering a mirror and light rays coming either from a point source or from infinity,the reflected light rays may have an envelope,called a caustic curve.In this paper,we study developable surfaces as mirrors.These caustic surfaces,described in a closed form,are also developable surfaces of the same type as the original mirror surface.We provide efficient,algorithmic computation to find the caustic surface of each of the three types of developable surfaces(cone,cylinder,and tangent surface of a spatial curve).We also provide a potential application of the results in contemporary free-form architecture design.

关键词： Caustics Developable surface Reflected light rays Curve of regression

Genetic structure of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci populations in Colombia following a recent invasion

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Insect Science 2015年第4期22卷 483-494页

作者： Fernando Dfaz Nancy m. Endersby Ary A. hoffmann Department of Biology Universidad del Valle Cali Colombia Department of Genetics Pest and Disease Vector Group Bio 21 Institute University of Melboume Parkville Victoria 301 0 Australia

The whitefly Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius） is one of the most important pests causing economic losses in a variety of cropping systems around the world. This species was recently found in a coastal region of Colombia and has now spread inland. To investigate this invasive process, the genetic structure of B. tabaci was examined in 8 sampling locations from 2 infested regions （coastal, inland） using 9 microsatellite markers and the mitochondrial COI gene. The mitochondrial analysis indicated that only the invasive species of the B. tabaci complex middle East-Asia minor 1 （mEAm 1 known previously as biotype B） was present. The microsatellite data pointed to genetic differences among the regions and no isolation by distance within regions. The coastal region in the Caribbean appears to have been the initial point of invasion, while the inland region in the Southwest showed genetic variation among populations most likely reflecting founder events and ongoing changes associated with climatic and topographical heterogeneity. These findings have implications for tracking and managing B. tabaci.

关键词： Bemisia tabaci Colombia microsatellites middle East-Asia minor 1（mEAm 1） mtCOI population structure

Neural regeneration research model to be explored:SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第6期18卷 1265-1266页

作者： Lavynia Ferreira hoffmann Alexandre martins Fernanda majolo Verônica Contini Stefan Laufer márcia Inês Goetiert Graduate Program in Biotechnology University of Vale do Taquari(Univates)LajeadoRio Grande do SulBrazil Graduate Program in medical Sciences-PPGCm University of Vale do Taquari-UnivatesLajeado/RSBrazil Institute of Pharmacy Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery-TÜCADDEberhard Karls University TübingenTübingenGermany

In neuroscience research,neuronal models are crucial tools for elucidating the molecular and cellular processes involved in the disorders of the nervous system.Facilitating easily and reproducibly executable studies,in vitro models,such as the SH-SY5Y cell line culture,help us explore the pathophysiological mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases;they are also essential for the efficient screening of drugs for treating the diseases of the nervous system(Peng et al.,2021;Strother et al.,2021).

关键词： neuroblastoma diseases

Blockchain Use Cases Revisited:micro-Lending Solutions for Retail Banking and Financial Inclusion

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Journal of Systems Science and Information 2021年第1期9卷 1-15页

作者： Christian Hugo hoffmann Universily of Zurich Deputy Director of the Suwiss Fin Tech Innovation LabHead of Artificial Intelligence(AD)Plaltenstrasse 148032 ZurichSwilzerland

While blockchain technology is commonly considered potentially disruptive in various regards,there is a lack of understanding where and how blockchain technology is effectively applicable and where it has remarkable practical effects~([1]).Against this background,we present and discuss a case study at length on the impact of this technology in the concrete setting of small short-term loans in retail banking.We propose to banks a robust and scalable blockchain technology with proof of stake and limited energy consumption used to streamline their processes,resulting in lower transaction and administration costs.This is made possible by smart contracts.Thereby,we facilitate small scale lending at high frequencies and short-term duration as well as an easier and more efficient way to connect small borrowers and lenders.

关键词： design science blockchain smart contracts asymmetric information fintech microfinance

A force-compensated compliant mEmS-amplifier with electrostatic anti-springs

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微系统与纳米工程(英文) 2023年第3期9卷 235-244页

作者： Philip Schmitt martin hoffmann microsystems Technology Ruhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstr.15044801 BochumGermany

In this paper,an electrostatic compliant mechanical amplifier intended for force-compensated displacement amplification in mEmS sensor applications is described.Usually,mechanical transformers that enhance a small input displacement into a large output displacement generate large forces at the input of the transformer.The microsystem proposed here allows for the reduction and compensation of the input stiffness of the amplifier and any mechanical components connected to it while providing a constant amplification ratio at the same time.The amplifying mechanism features bidirectional electrostatic anti-springs enabling the control of the stiffness by applying a constant DC voltage.The electrode design of the anti-springs and its influence on the force-displacement characteristic,the side instability and the maximal displacement are studied through analytical approaches and supported by FEA and by experiments.Based on the derived models,a compliant electromechanical amplifier is developed,featuring an amplification ratio of 50.For this amplifier the initial input stiffness of 422 N/m could be reduced to 6.8 N/m by applying a voltage of 100 V.As an additional application,we show how the amplifier can be used as a mechanical force sensor with tuneable sensitivity,where the forces at the input are transformed into large output displacements.Through experiments,we show how the sensitivity can be adjusted and increased by a factor of 25 by applying a voltage at the anti-springs.

关键词： amplifier electrostatic spring