Comparative studies of critical physiological limits and vulnerability to environmental extremes in small ectotherms:How much environmental control is needed?

作     者：Ary A.HOFFMANN Carla M.SGRÒ 

作者机构：School of BioSciencesBio21 InstituteThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia 

出 版 物：《Integrative Zoology》 (整合动物学（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2018年第13卷第4期

页      面：355-371页

核心收录：

学科分类：0710[理学-生物学] 08[工学] 0905[农学-畜牧学] 0906[农学-兽医学] 0805[工学-材料科学与工程（可授工学、理学学位）] 080502[工学-材料学] 

基　　金：AAH held an NHMRC Fellowship during the completion of this paper. 

主　　题：comparative studies common garden critical limits ectotherms environmental control thermal limits stress resistance 

摘      要：Researchers and practitioners are increasingly using comparative assessments of critical thermal and physiological limits to assess the relative vulnerability of ectothermic species to extreme thermal and aridity conditions occurring under climate change.In most assessments of vulnerability,critical limits are compared across taxa exposed to different environmental and developmental conditions.However,many aspects of vulnerability should ideally be compared when species are exposed to the same environmental conditions,allowing a partitioning of sources of variation such as used in quantitative genetics.This is particularly important when assessing the importance of different types of plasticity to critical limits,using phylogenetic analyses to test for evolutionary constraints,isolating genetic variants that contribute to limits,characterizing evolutionary interactions among traits limiting adaptive responses,and when assessing the role of cross generation effects.However,vulnerability assessments based on critical thermal/physiological limits also need to take place within a context that is relevant to field conditions,which is not easily provided under controlled environmental conditions where behavior,microhabitat,stress exposure rates and other factors will differ from field conditions.There are ways of reconciling these requirements,such as by taking organisms from controlled environments and then testing their performance under field conditions(or vice versa).While comparisons under controlled environments are challenging for many taxa,assessments of critical thermal limits and vulnerability will always be incomplete unless environmental effects within and across generations are considered,and where the ecological relevance of assays measuring critical limits can be established.