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The Fine Spectra of the Difference Operator △ Over the Sequence Space bv_p,(1≤p<∞)

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Acta mathematica Sinica,English Series 2007年第10期23卷 1757-1768页

作者： Ali m.AKHmEDOV Feyzi BASAR Baku State University Department of Mech.& Math.Z.Khalilov Str.23P.O.Box 370145BakuAzerbaijan nOnü Universitesi Eitim FakültesiMatematik Eitimi BOlümüMalatya-44280

The sequence space bvp consisting of all sequences （xk） such that （xk -xk-1） belongs to the space gp has recently been introduced by Basar and Altay [Ukrainian math. J., 55（1）, 136-147（2003）]; where 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞. In the present paper, some results concerning with the continuous dual and f-dual, and the AD-property of the sequence space bvp have been given and the norm of the difference operator A acting on the sequence space bvp has been found. The fine spectrum with respect to the Goldberg＇s classification of the difference operator △ over the sequence space bvp has been determined, where 1≤p〈∞.

关键词： spectrum of an operator difference operator the continuous dual and f-dual of a sequence space the AD-property and the sequence space bvp

An evaluation of force-based design *** displacement-based design of jointed precast post-tensioned wall systems

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2006年第2期5卷 285-296页

作者： m. Ataur Rahman Sri Sritharan 414 Town Engineering building Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA 406 Town Engineering building Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA Associate Professor

The unique features of jointed post-tensioned wall systems, which include minimum structural damage and re-centering capability when subjected to earthquake lateral loads, are the result of using unbonded post-tensioning to attach the walls to the foundation, along with employing energy dissipating shear connectors between the walls. Using acceptance criteria defined in terms of inter-story drift, residual drift, and floor acceleration, this study presents a multiplelevel performance-based seismic evaluation of two five-story unbonded post-tensioned jointed precast wall systems. The design and analysis of these two wall systems, established as the direct displacement-based and force-based solutions for a prototype building used in the PREcast Seismic Structural Systems （PRESSS） program, were performed at 60% scale so that the analysis model could be validated using the PRESSS test data. Both buildings satisfied the performance criteria at four levels of earthquake motions although the design base shear of the direct displacement-based jointed wall system was 50% of that demanded by the force-based design method. The study also investigated the feasibility of controlling the maximum transient inter-story drift in a jointed wall system by increasing the number of energy dissipating shear connectors between the walls but without significantly affecting its re-centering capability.

关键词： concrete precast unbonded post-tensioning wall building code performance-based evaluation force-baseddesign direct-displacement based design

Environmental cues determine the fate of astrocytes after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第12期12卷 1964-1970页

作者： Fatima m.Nathan Shuxin Li Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphia PA USA

Reactive astrogliosis occurs after central nervous system（CNS） injuries whereby resident astrocytes form rapid responses along a graded continuum. Following CNS lesions, na？ve astrocytes are converted into reactive astrocytes and eventually into scar-forming astrocytes that block axon regeneration and neural repair. It has been known for decades that scarring development and its related extracellular matrix molecules interfere with regeneration of injured axons after CNS injury, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms for controlling astrocytic scar formation and maintenance are not well known. Recent use of various genetic tools has made tremendous progress in better understanding genesis of reactive astrogliosis. Especially, the latest experiments demonstrate environment-dependent plasticity of reactive astrogliosis because reactive astrocytes isolated from injured spinal cord form scarring astrocytes when transplanted into injured spinal cord, but revert in retrograde to naive astrocytes when transplanted into naive spinal cord. The interactions between upregulated type I collagen and its receptor integrin β1 and the N-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion appear to play major roles for local astrogliosis around the lesion. This review centers on the environment-dependent plasticity of reactive astrogliosis after spinal cord injury and its potential as a therapeutic target.

关键词： astrogliosis astrocyte fate scar formation spinal cord injury axon regeneration environmentcue collagen I integrin β1

The role of undifferentiated adipose-derived stem cells in peripheral nerve repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第5期13卷 757-763页

作者： Rui Zhang Joseph m.Rosen Dartmouth Geisel School of medicine Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center

Peripheral nerve injuries impose significant health and economic consequences, yet no surgical repair can deliver a complete recovery of sensory or motor function. Traditional methods of repair are less than ideal： direct coaptation can only be performed when tension-free repair is possible, and transplantation of nerve autograft can cause donor-site morbidity and neuroma formation. Cell-based therapy delivered via nerve conduits has thus been explored as an alternative method of nerve repair in recent years. Stem cells are promising sources of the regenerative core material in a nerve conduit because stem cells are multipotent in function, abundant in supply, and more accessible than the myelinating Schwann cells. Among different types of stem cells, undifferentiated adipose-derived stem cell（uASC）, which can be processed from adipose tissue in less than two hours, is a promising yet underexplored cell type. Studies of uASC have emerged in the past decade and have shown that autologous uASCs are non-immunogenic, easy to access, abundant in supply, and efficacious at promoting nerve regeneration. Two theories have been proposed as the primary regenerative mechanisms of uASC： in situ trans-differentiation towards Schwann cells, and secretion of trophic and anti-inflammatory factors. Future studies need to fully elucidate the mechanisms, side effects, and efficacy of uASC-based nerve regeneration so that uASCs can be utilized in clinical settings.

关键词： peripheral nerve injury adipose-derived stem cells Schwann cells cell therapy nerve conduits axonal regeneration stem cell differentiation neurotrophic factors anti-apoptosis immunosuppression

Transplantation of primary and reversibly immortalized human liver cells and other gene therapies in acute liver failure and decompensated chronic liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2000年第5期6卷 636-642页

作者： Stephen m.Riordan Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology University College London and University College London HospitalsLondonEngland Department of GastroenterologyThe Prince of Wales HospitalSydneyAustralia Institute of Hepatology University College London and University College London HospitalsLondonEngland

Studies performed in experimental small animalswith hepatic-based metabolic disorders but nostructural liver disease,including Gunn andanalbuminaemic rats and rabbits with inherited low-density lipoprotein receptor deficiency,have shownthat up to 95% of hepatocytes transplanted into thespleen or liver remain in these sites,withimprovement in metabolic function

关键词： liver failure acute liver diseases liver transplantation gene therapy animals laboratory transfering growth factor beta

Histopathology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第42期16卷 5286-5296页

作者： Elizabeth m Brunt Dina G Tiniakos Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMO 63110United States Laboratory of Histology and Embryology Medical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11527Greece

Histological analysis of liver biopsies remains a standard against which other methods of assessment for the presence and amount of hepatic injury due to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) are *** evaluation remains the sole method of distinguishing steatosis from advanced forms of NAFLD,*** steatohepatitis(NASH) and *** in the lesions of NAFLD are steatosis,lobular and portal inflammation,hepatocyte injury in the forms of ballooning and apoptosis,and ***,patterns of these lesions are as distinguishing as the lesions *** injury in adults and children due to NAFLD may have different histological *** this review,the rationale for liver biopsy,as well as the histopathological lesions,the microscopically observable patterns of injury,and the differential diagnoses of NAFLD and NASH are discussed.

关键词： Fatty liver Steatosis Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Fibrosis

RTP payload format for H.264/SVC scalable video coding

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2006年第5期7卷 657-667页

作者： WENGER Stephan HANNUKSELA miska m. Nokia Research Center Tampere 33721 Finland

The scalable extension of H.264/AVC, known as scalable video coding or SVC, is currently the main focus of the Joint Video Team’s work. In its present working draft, the higher level syntax of SVC follows the design principles of H.264/AVC. Self-contained network abstraction layer units (NAL units) form natural entities for packetization. The SVC specification is by no means finalized yet, but nevertheless the work towards an optimized RTP payload format has already started. RFC 3984, the RTP payload specification for H.264/AVC has been taken as a starting point, but it became quickly clear that the scalable features of SVC require adaptation in at least the areas of capability/operation point signaling and documentation of the extended NAL unit header. This paper first gives an overview of the history of scalable video coding, and then reviews the video coding layer (VCL) and NAL of the latest SVC draft specification. Finally, it discusses different aspects of the draft SVC RTP payload format, in- cluding the design criteria, use cases, signaling and payload structure.

关键词： H.264, Advanced video coding (AVC), Scalable video coding (SVC), Scalability, Real-time transport protocol (RTP), Packetization

Choosing among correlative, mechanistic, and hybrid models of species’ niche and distribution

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第1期18卷 93-109页

作者： Luara TOURINHO mariana m.VALE Graduate Program in Ecology Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroIlha do FundãoRio de JaneiroBrazil Ecology Department Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroIlha do FundãoRio de JaneiroBrazil

Different models are available to estimate species’niche and *** and correlative models have different underlying conceptual bases,thus generating different estimates of a species’niche and geographic *** models,which combining correlative and mechanistic approaches,are considered a promising strategy;however,no synthesis in the literature assessed their applicability for terrestrial vertebrates to allow best-choice model considering their strengths and ***,we provide a systematic review of studies that compared or integrated correlative and mechanistic models to estimate species’niche for terrestrial vertebrates under climate *** goal was to understand their conceptual,methodological,and performance differences,and the appli-cability of each *** studies we reviewed directly compared mechanistic and correlative predictions in terms of accuracy or estimated suitable area,however,without any quantitative analysis to support ***,many studies suggest that instead of comparing approaches,mechanistic and correlative methods should be integrated(hybrid models).However,we stress that the best approach is highly ***-deed,the quality and effectiveness of the prediction depends on the study’s objective,methodological design,and which type of species’niche and geographic distribution estimated are more appropriate to answer the study’s issue.

关键词： climate change ecological niche model integrative model species distribution model vertebrates

Holistic Approach to Functional Constipation: Perspective of Traditional Persian medicine

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Chinese Journal of Integrative medicine 2019年第11期25卷 867-872页

作者： majid Nimrouzi mohammad m. Zarshenas Esse nee of Parsiyan Wisdom Institute Traditional Medici ne and Medicinal Plant IncubatorShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran Research Center for Traditional medicine and History of medicine Shiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran Department of Traditional Pharmacy School of PharmacyShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran

Traditional Persian medicine(TPm) proposes a different viewpoint to the chronic diseases. Diagnosis and implemented treatment are based on individual differences among patients. Constipation or Ea’teghal-e-batn is a condition in which the patient develops difficult or painful defecation. Based on TPm concepts, the first digestion step starts from halq(oral cavity), and ends via defecation from the maq’ad(anus). Avicenna believed that four faculties, ha’zemeh(digestive), ja’zebeh(absorptive), ma’sekeh(retentive) and da’fe’eh(propulsive), are involved in the process of digestion and absorption of the ingested food and expelling the waste materials. The bowel movement and appearance of the stool is a measure for evaluating the gastrointestinal healthy function. Defecation should be with no pain and fecal material should have no burning and acuity. Low food intake or foods with dry temperament, dryness of gastrointestinal tract, diaphoresis and heavy exercise as well as intestine sensory loss were discussed as main causes of constipation. management of constipation in TPm includes dietary schemes, oil massages and subsequently simple herbal medicines. According to TPm theories, the first step in treating a disease is the elimination of disease causes(asbabe-maraz) and also providing the causes of health(asbab-e-sehhat). Health care providers should know the proper condition which the herbal medicines should be administered in and be able to guide the patients about the benefits and hazards of herbal remedies, commonly used in their living origin.

关键词： constipation Ea'teghal-e-batn herbal medicine traditional Persian medicine