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Localization of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in plant guard cells

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第7期46卷 586-588,618页

作者： Fanxia Meng Xin Liu Shuqiu Zhang chenghou lou China Agr Univ Coll Biol Sci Minist Agr Key Lab Plant Physiol & Biochem Beijing 100094 Peoples R China

Acetylcholine (ACh), as an important neuro-transmitter in animals, also plays a significant role in various kinds of physiological functions in plants. But relatively little is known about its receptors in plants. A green fluorescence BODIPY FL-labeled ABT, which is a high affinity ligand of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR), was used to localize mAChR in plant guard cells. In Vicia faba L. and Pisum sativum L., mAChR was found both on the plasma membrane of guard cells. mAChR may also be distributed on guard cell chloroplast membrane of Vicia faba L. The evidence that mAChR localizes in the guard cells provides a new possible signal transduction pathway in ACh mediated stomata movement.

关键词： guard cell mAChR fluorescent localization Vicia faba L. Pisum sativum L.

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor is involved in acetylcholine regulating stomatal movement

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2000年第3期45卷 250-252页

作者： Hengbin Wang Xuechen Wang Shuqiu Zhang chenghou lou China Agr Univ Coll Biol Sci Beijing 100094 Peoples R China

In animal cells, action of acetylcholine depends on its binding with its two specific receptors on the plasma membrane: the nicotinic and muscarinic respectively. The present investigation has shown that agonists of muscarinic receptor (muscarine) could induce stomatal opening, while the antagonists (atropine) could block stomatal opening induced by acetylcholine. Their effects can only be realized in medium containing Ca2+, but not in medium containing K+. The results tend to reveal that the muscarinic receptor is involved in acetylcholine-induced stomatal movement.

关键词： Viciafaba L. stomata movement acetylcholine muscarinic receptor.

Localization of NOS-like protein in guard cells of Vicia faba *** its possible function

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第1期52卷 84-90页

作者： LIU Xin WANG YouQun JIA WenSuo lou chenghou ZHANG ShuQiu State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry College of Biological Sciences China Agricultural University Beiiing 100094 China Department of Life Science Lai Yang Agricultural College Qingdao 266109 China

Using the immuno-fluorescence and immuno-gold electron microscope technology, localization of ni- tric oxide synthase (NOS)-like proteins was determined in guard cells of Vicia faba L. NOS is mainly localized in nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplast, mitochondria and the cell wall of guard cells. Scorch and exogenous JA can enhance the level of nitric oxide (NO) and increase NOS activity in both leaf and epidermis, and the changing pattern of NOS activity was consistent with the change of NO. NOS in- hibitor, L-NAME, inhibited JA-induced NO generation. From the results, we presumed that NO genera- tion from NOS pathway is the main pathway in the stress and JA responses. The pharmacological ex- periment showed that increasing the Ca2+ at a suitable concentration promoted leaf NOS activity and the NO level, indicating that NOS activity together with the distribution of NO is Ca2+-dependent. NOS and NO are possibly involved in the regulation of stomatal movement thus playing an important role in plant stress responses.

关键词：免疫细胞氧化一氮连位化合物生物化学

The effects of microfilament and microtubule inhibitors and periodic electrical impulses on phloem transport in pea seedling

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1998年第4期43卷 312-314页

作者： Guo Yuhai Hua Baoguang Yu Fengyi Leng Qiang lou chenghou China Agr Univ Plant Physiol & Biochem Lab Beijing 100094 Peoples R China Beijing Agr Coll Plant Physiol & Biochem Lab Beijing 102206 Peoples R China

In phloem transport, whether protoplasmic activity participates in assisting sap flow in sieve element_companion cell complex has long been in debate. The present investigation assumed microfilament (MF) and microtubule (MT), the two constituents of the protoplasmic cytoskeleton, as motive force, and employed germinating pea seedling suspended in moist chamber as experimental material: the seed being the source; the elongating root, the sink. 14 C_labeled sucrose was added to the seed as indicator. The amount of sap transported from source to sink was measured by the increase in root elongation. The transport phloem was within the cylinder of the peeled root in the middle. The exposed cylinder was treated with MF inhibitor (cytochalasin B), or microtubule inhibitor (amiphos_methyl). Results showed that the sap influx into the elongating root, and the 14 C activity as well, was reduced by about one half in treatment with cytochalasin B, and much less by amiphos_methyl treatment. Similar effect was shown in electrical impulse treatment, which seems to disrupt the MF and MT configuration.

关键词： phloem transport electrical impulse microfilament microtubule pea seedling.

CHINA'S INDISPENSABLE WAY TO GRAIN SELF-SUFFICIENCY

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Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences 1997年第1期11卷 73-76页

作者： lou chenghou(Beijing University of Agriculture)

In China’s countryside today, so far the foodstuffs for daily-life subsistence are still taken from the traditional farming production in addition to the yield of animal husbandry, while crop plantation takes the lion’s share in our rural economy. During the Medieval Age of the Western countries, however, special stress was placed on raising livestock on pastureland until the Industrial Revolution occurred in the 18th century when grain-oriented agriculture came into being. As a result of the unprecedented boom of modern science and technology now sweeping the whole world, farming productivity has sky-

关键词： CHINA’S INDISPENSABLE WAY TO GRAIN SELF-SUFFICIENCY

Effects of the disaggregation of high-polymerized particles in guard cell vacuoles on osmoregulation of stomatal aperture (stomata opening)

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第5期48卷 453-456页

作者： YE Qing, ZHU Guoli & lou chenghou Biology College, China Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Beijing 100094, China Correspondence should be addressed to Zhu Guoli (e-mail: glzhu@mail. ***) Biology College China Agricultural University State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Observation under an electron microscope reveals that in closed and open stomata of V. faba, the aver-age volume of particles in guard cell vacuoles (GCV) reduces about 3 orders in magnitude, while the distribution density of the particles increases about 2 orders of magnitude. By using the method of the ratio of fluorescent emissions with laser scanning confocal microscopy, the monitoring to sto-mata opening shows that during 10 to 30 s before the first distinguishable aperture of stomata, there is a change of pH in GCV about -0.5 units. A quick stomatal opening immedi-ately follows the changes of pH in GCV to reach a steady aperture about 12 mm in 100200 s. This work proposes a model for the osmoregulation in GCV for stomatal opening. The proposed osmoregulation is related to the disaggregation of some polymerized particles inside GCV, which is probably induced by a -DpH in the vacuole. This model describes a process of osmoregulation that avoids the massive energy consuming transportation across cell membranes, which is a foundation of the current chemiosmotic hypothesis. This model is a supplement to the multiple controlling hypothesis for the stomatal movement, which widens research principle ideas for other quick movements in plants.

关键词：气孔运动气孔开放保卫细胞液泡渗透调节高聚合微粒解体

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高等植物对环境变化的整体反应

世界科技研究与发展 1999年第1期21卷 1-8页

作者：娄成后中国农业大学植物生理室

高等植物感受环境条件变化的部位以各种信号的传递来启动整体作出适当的反应。根系在不同的生长条件下或遭受到迫害时会发出（化学、电波、水力）信号给冠部，激发叶片上气孔的运动来调整气体代谢。植物的（气孔、卷须等）“运动”器官... 详细信息

高等植物感受环境条件变化的部位以各种信号的传递来启动整体作出适当的反应。根系在不同的生长条件下或遭受到迫害时会发出（化学、电波、水力）信号给冠部，激发叶片上气孔的运动来调整气体代谢。植物的（气孔、卷须等）“运动”器官对在快速的刺激传递与反应中，有“神经－肌肉机理”的参与。

关键词：高等植物环境变化整体反应气孔信号传递

提高农业水土资源的时空利用率,保障新世纪的粮食自给

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科技导报 1999年第1期17卷 14-15,42页

作者：娄成后中国农业大学中国科学院院士北京100094

一、迫切需要提高水土的时空利用率粮食作物种植在旱地上,每生产1公斤粮食就要消耗1吨以上的水分(图1),大致是1亩1mm的降水量.北方农区的年降水量仅在500mm上下.因此为了谋求每亩生产1吨粮的目标,必须借用非耕地的降水.现代社会人口剧增... 详细信息

一、迫切需要提高水土的时空利用率粮食作物种植在旱地上,每生产1公斤粮食就要消耗1吨以上的水分(图1),大致是1亩1mm的降水量.北方农区的年降水量仅在500mm上下.因此为了谋求每亩生产1吨粮的目标,必须借用非耕地的降水.现代社会人口剧增,各种企业勃兴,愈益需求农业来供应食品与原料,而农业需用的水源与耕地却被大量征用.我国的人均耕地较低.在迎接新世纪的到来之际,欲使粮食生产长期做到自给的困难迭增,为此必须持续提高单位面积农田产量.每年不同农区的产量,仍然要随气候而波动,特别是被降水的机遇所左右,尚未摆脱靠天吃饭的局面.如何供应田间作业用水与提高土地资源的时空利用,就成为迫切需要解决的问题.

关键词：农业水土资源时空利用率新世纪粮食自给

IDENTIFICATION OF A RICKETTSIA-LIKE ORGANISM AND ITS INTERCELLULAR MOVEMENT IN SYSTEMATICALLY INFECTED WHEAT PLANT

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Science in China,Ser.B 1984年第1期27卷 61-71页

作者：吴小洁王鸣岐张伟成娄成后 Fudan University Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology Academia Sinica Beijing Agricultural University

According to the electron microscopic observation the wheat yellow curl-leaf disease wascaused by a rickettsia-like organism (RLO). The morphology and structure of the pathogenand its distribution within the host plant were of typical characteristics of the RLO. RLO_Swere seen in the phloem and xylem of the host plant. In xylem elements RLO particleswere closely related to electron-dense materials spreading in them. Some channels wereformed in the cell walls of protoxylem, and sometimes in the cell walls of mature xylem ele-ments which were eroded. RLOs entered adjacent cells and intercellular spaces via thesechannels. A large number of RLOs were seen in sieve elements and they could get intoadjacent sieve elements via sieve pores. The places of intercellular movement of RLOs weremostly in the plasmodesmata-dense areas or pit fields where the primary cell walls amongplasmodesmata were dissolved to form some channels by the invasion of RLOs. And theforming of less intercellular channels did not relate to plasmodesmata and pit fields. Basedon these results the mechanism of systematical infection of host plant caused by the RLO isdiscussed in this paper.

关键词： IDENTIFICATION OF A RICKETTSIA-LIKE ORGANISM AND ITS INTERCELLULAR MOVEMENT IN SYSTEMATICALLY INFECTED WHEAT PLANT mode Pit ITS