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How dopamine tunes parvalbumin interneurons in the hippocampus:new experimental observations in Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1405-1406页

作者： livia La Barbera Paraskevi Krashia Annalisa Nobili Department of Medicine and Surgery UniversitàCampus Bio-Medico di RomaViaÁlvaro del PortilloRomeItaly Department of Experimental Neurosciences IRCCS Santa Lucia FoundationVia del Fosso di FioranoRomeItaly Department of Science and Technology for Sustainable Development and One Health UniversitàCampus Bio-Medico di RomaViaÁlvaro del PortilloRomeItaly

Despite decades of dedicated resea rch,Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related and progressive neurodegenerative disorder for which the mechanisms of onset are sti unc *** is cha racterized by featured histological alterations including amyloid-beta (AB) plaque deposition,accumulation of neurofibrillary to ngles of hyperphosphorylated-tau,and neuronal loss,accompanied by progressive cognitive decline and behavioral changes.

关键词： Alzheimer alterations dopamine

livia Kohn, Zhuangzi： Text and Context （reviewed by Martin Schonfeld）

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2017年第2期12卷 328-334页

作者： livia Kohn University of South Florida

livia Kohn＇s Zhuangzi： Text and Context is a comprehensive monograph on the great Chinese philosopher Zhuangzi 荘子（Chuang Tzu, d. 286 BCE）. The book is divided into 24 chapters, a bibliography, and an index. The chapters are arranged in a loose sequence that begins with textual and historical information about the Book of Zhuangzi 荘子, continues with interpretations of key topics and expositions of relevant contexts, and ends with Zhuang zi-related forays into environmental ethics and contemporary concerns.

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Importance of nutrition in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第17期15卷 2081-2088页

作者： Alfredo José Lucendo livia Cristina De Rezende Department of Gastroenterology Hospital General de Tomelloso Vereda de Socuéllamos s/n. 13700 Tomelloso (Ciudad Real) Spain

Inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） results from the interaction between an individual＇s immune response and precipitant environmental factors, which generatean anomalous chronic inflammatory response in thosewho are genetically predisposed. Various feeding practices have been implicated in the origin of IBD based on epidemiological observations in developed countries, but we do not have solid evidence for the etiological role played by specific food types. IBD is associated with frequent nutritional deficiencies, thepattern and severity of which depends on the extent,duration and activity of the inflammation. Nutritional support allows these deficiencies in calories, macro and micronutrients to be rectified. Enteral nutrition is also aprimary therapy for IBD, especially for Crohn＇s disease,as it allows the inflammatory activity to be controlled,kept in remission, and Drevents or delays the need forsurgery. Nutritional support is especially important in childhood IBD as an alternative to pharmacological treatment. This report discusses the complex relationship between diet and IBD.

关键词： Nutritional support Inflammatory boweldisease Enteral diet Crohn's disease Ulcerative colitis

Calcium handling:a strategy to fight neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第12期18卷 2685-2686页

作者： livia La Barbera Elena Spoleti Marcello D’Amelio Department of Sciences and Technologies for Humans and Environment UniversitàCampus Bio-Medico di RomaRomeItaly Department of Experimental Neurosciences IRCCS Santa Lucia FoundationRomeItaly Department of Medicine and Surgery UniversitàCampus Bio-Medico di RomaRomeItaly

In the last few years,preclinical and clinical studies identified the ventral tegmental area(VTA)as one of the first brain regions to be affected in the prodromal phase of Alzheimer's disease(AD).The VTA is a deep midbrain nucleus rich in dopaminergic neurons that innervates and releases dopamine(DA)in several cortical and subcortical brain *** plays a crucial role in the modulation of both cognitive and noncognitive functions and failure of its release underlies both cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with AD.

关键词： Alzheimer clinical release

Surgery for inflammatory bowel disease in the era of laparoscopy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第16期19卷 2445-2448页

作者： Giuseppe S Sica livia Biancone GastroIntestinal Surgical Unit Tor Vergata University of Rome

During the course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), surgery may be needed. Approximately 20% of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) will require surgery, whereas up to 80% of Crohn's disease (CD) patients will undergo an operation during their lifetime. For UC patients requiring surgery, total proctocolectomy and ileoanal pouch anastomosis (IPAA) is the operation of choice as it provides a permanent cure and good quality of life. Nevertheless a permanent stoma is a good option in selected patients, especially the elderly. Minimally invasive surgery has replaced the conventional open approach in many specialized centres worldwide. Laparoscopic colectomy and restorative IPAA is rapidly becoming the standard of care in the treatment of UC requiring surgery, whilst laparoscopic ileo-cecal resection is already the new gold standard in the treatment of complicated CD of terminal ileum. Short term advantages of laparoscopic surgery includes faster recovery time and reduced requirement for analgesics. It is, however, in the long term that minimally invasive surgery has demonstrated its superiority over the open approach. A better cosmesis, a reduced number of incisional hernias and fewer adhesions are the long term advantages of laparoscopy in IBD surgery. A reduction in abdominal adhesions is of great benefit when a second operation is needed in CD and this influences positively the pregnancy rate in young women undergoing restorative IPAA. In developing the therapeutic plan for IBD patients it should be recognized that the surgical approach to the abdomen has changed and that surgical treatment of complicated IBD can be safely performed with a true minimally invasive approach with great patient satisfaction.

关键词： Laparoscopy Ulcerative colitis Surgery Inflammatory bowel disease Laparoscopic surgery Proctocolectomy Ileoanal pouch anastomosis

Ultrasound-based techniques for the diagnosis of liver steatosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第40期25卷 6053-6062页

作者： Giovanna Ferraioli livia Beatriz Soares Monteiro Dipartimento di Scienze Clinico-Chirurgiche Diagnostiche e PediatricheMedical School University of PaviaPavia 27100Italy Clinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases Department Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S.MatteoPavia 27100Italy Centro Universitário Barao de Mauá Ramos de AzevedoSao Paulo 14090-180Brazil

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the leading cause of diffuse liver *** accurate estimate of the fat in the liver is important in the diagnostic work-up of patients with NAFLD because the degree of liver steatosis is linked to the metabolic syndrome and the cardiovascular ***(US)B-mode imaging allows to subjectively estimate the fatty infiltration in the liver;however,it has a low performance for the detection of mild *** US is based on the analysis of the radiofrequency echoes detected by an US system,and it allows to calculate a backscatter coefficient or an attenuation coefficient or the sound *** estimation of the backscatter coefficient is rather cumbersome and requires the use of a phantom for addressing all sources of *** attenuation parameter(CAP)available on the FibroScan system(Echosens,France)measures the attenuation of the US *** is accurate in grading fatty infiltration-even though there is an overlap between consecutive grade of liver steatosis-and the values are not influenced by liver *** US manufacturers are developing or have already developed software for quantifying the attenuation of the US *** results show that proprietary technologies implemented in US systems seem more accurate than CAP for grading liver *** available method for quantifying liver steatosis is based on the computation of the sound speed and the initial results appear promising.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Chronic liver disease Ultrasound Controlled attenuation parameter Quantitative ultrasound Attenuation imaging

New targeted therapies in pancreatic cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第20期21卷 6127-6145页

作者： Andrada Seicean livia Petrusel Radu Seicean Regional Institute of Gastro- enterology and Hepatology Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy First Surgery Clinic Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy

Patients with pancreatic cancer have a poor prognosis with a median survival of 4-6 mo and a 5-year survival of less than 5%. Despite therapy with gemcitabine, patient survival does not exceed 6 mo, likely due to natural resistance to gemcitabine. Therefore, it is hoped that more favorable results can be obtained by using guided immunotherapy against molecular targets. This review summarizes the new leading targeted therapies in pancreatic cancers, focusing on passive and specific immunotherapies. Passive immunotherapy may have a role for treatment in combination with radiochemotherapy, which otherwise destroys the immune system along with tumor cells. It includes mainly therapies targeting against kinases, including epidermal growth factor receptor, Ras/Raf/mitogenactivated protein kinase cascade, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, insulin growth factor-1 receptor, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/m TOR and hepatocyte growth factor receptor. Therapies against DNA repair genes, histone deacetylases, micro RNA, and pancreatic tumor tissue stromal elements(stromal extracellular matric and stromal pathways) are also discussed. Specific immunotherapies, such as vaccines(whole cell recombinant, peptide, and dendritic cell vaccines), adoptive cell therapy and immunotherapy targeting tumor stem cells, have the role of activating antitumor immune responses. In the future, treatments will likely include personalized medicine, tailored for numerous molecular therapeutic targets of multiple pathogenetic pathways.

关键词： Immunotherapy Pancreas neoplasm Vaccines

Convergent pathways of the gut microbiota–brain axis and neurodegenerative disorders

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Gastroenterology Report 2022年第1期10卷 90-107页

作者： Carolina Gubert Juciano Gasparotto livia H.Morais Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Melbourne Brain CentreUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas Universidade Federal de AlfenasRua Gabriel Monteiro da SilvaAlfenasMinas GeraisBrasil Division of Biology&Biological Engineering California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA

Recent research has been uncovering the role of the gut microbiota for brain health and *** studies highlight the role of gut microbiota on regulating brain function and behavior through immune,metabolic,and neuronal *** this review we provide an overview of the gut microbiota axis pathways to lay the groundwork for upcoming sessions on the links between the gut microbiota and neurogenerative *** also discuss how the gut microbiota may act as an intermediate factor between the host and the environment to mediate disease onset and *** on the current literature,we further examine the potential for different microbiota-based therapeutic strategies to prevent,to modify,or to halt the progress of neurodegeneration.

关键词： gut microbiota-brain axis neurodegeneration inflammation microbial metabolism gut microbiota

Structure of human NCC:insights into the inhibition mechanism of thiazides

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第8期8卷 3549-3550页

作者： livia de Souza Goncalves Pattareeya Yottasan Onur Cil Department of Pediatrics University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA

A recent study published in Nature by Fan et al.1 identified the structure of human NCC alone and in complex with a thiazide diuretic using cryo-electron *** extensive clinical use of NCC inhibitor thiazide diuretics since 1950s,the structure and inhibition mechanisms of NCC have remained elusive,and Fan et *** is a major step toward better understanding the NCC biology and mechanism of action of thiazide ***-chloride cotransporter(NCC,also known as SLC12A3)is expressed in the kidney where it facilitates electroneutral NaCl absorption.

关键词： azide mechanism