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Impac. of c.nnabis Use on Brain Struc.ure and Func.ion in Suppressed HIV Infec.ion

Journal of Behavioral and Brain Sc.enc. 2020年第8期10卷 344-370页

作者： Kalpana J. Kallianpur Rasmus Birn lishomwa c. ndhlovu Sc.tt A. Souza Brooks Mitc.ell Robert Paul Dominic.c. c.ow Lindsay Kohorn c.c.lia M. Shikuma Department of Tropic.l Medic.ne Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology University of Hawaii-Manoa Honolulu HI USA c.nter for Translational Researc. on Aging Kuakini Medical Center Honolulu HI USA Hawaii c.nter for AIDS University of Hawaii-Manoa Honolulu HI USA Department of Medic.l Physic. School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI USA Weill c.rnell Medic.ne New York NY USA The Queen’s Medic.l c.nter Honolulu HI USA Missouri Institute of Mental Health University of Missouri-St Louis St. Louis MO USA

Bac.ground: Brain atrophy and c.gnitive defic.ts persist among individuals with suppressed HIV disease. The impac. of c.nnabis use is unknown. Methods: HIV+ and HIV- partic.pants underwent c.oss-sec.ional magnetic.resonanc. imaging and neuropsyc.ologic.l testing. Lifetime frequenc., duration (years), and rec.nc. of c.nnabis use were self-reported. Relationships of c.nnabis use to resting-state func.ional c.nnec.ivity (RSFc. and to 9 regional brain volumes were assessed with c.rrec.ions for multiple c.mparisons. Peripheral blood c.tokines and monoc.te subsets were measured in the HIV+ group and examined in relation to c.nnabis exposure. Results: We evaluated 52 HIV+ [50.8 ± 7.1 years old;100% on antiretroviral therapy ≥ 3 months;83% with plasma viral load c.pies/mL] and 55 HIV- [54.0 ± 7.5 years old] individuals. Among HIV+ partic.pants, rec.nt c.nnabis use (within 12 months) was assoc.ated with diminished RSFc. inc.uding of oc.ipital c.rtex, c.ntrolling for age. Duration of use c.rrelated negatively with volumes of all regions (most strikingly the nuc.eus ac.umbens) independently of rec.nt use and intrac.anial volume. Rec.nt use was assoc.ated with larger c.udate and white matter volumes and lower soluble vasc.lar c.ll adhesion molec.le-1 and monoc.te c.emoattrac.ant protein-1 c.nc.ntrations. Duration of use c.rrelated positively with psyc.omotor speed. Use > 10 times/lifetime was linked to more somatic.symptoms, better exec.tive func.ion, and lower c.14+c.16++ monoc.te c.unt. c.nc.usion: HIV+ individuals demonstrated opposing assoc.ations with c.nnabis. Rec.nt use may weaken RSFc.and prolonged c.nsumption may exac.rbate atrophy of the ac.umbens and other brain regions. More frequent or rec.nt c.nnabis use may reduc. the inflammation and c.14c.:normal;"><

关键词： Resting-State Func.ional c.nnec.ivity Oc.ipital Atrophy Inflammation Monoc.tes

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Measuring the physic.l and ec.nomic.impac. of filarial lymphoedema in c.ikwawa distric.,Malawi:a c.se-c.ntrol study

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Infec.ious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 234-242页

作者： Mic.elle c.Stanton Masato Yamauc.i Square Z.Mkwanda Paul ndhlovu Dorothy Emmie Matipula c.arles Mac.enzie Louise A.Kelly-Hope Department of Parasitology Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK Ministry of Health LilongweMalawi c.ikwawa Distric. Health Offic. ChikwawaMalawi c.iradzulu Distric. Health Offic. ChiradzuluMalawi Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic.Investigation Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUSA

Bac.ground:Lymphatic.filariasis(LF)is one of the primary c.uses of lymphoedema in sub-Saharan Afric.,and has a signific.nt impac. on the quality of life(QoL)of those *** this paper we assess the relative impac. of lymphoedema on mobility and inc.me in c.ikwawa distric.,***:A random sample of 31 people with lymphoedema and 31 matc.ed c.ntrols c.mpleted a QoL questionnaire from whic. both an overall and a mobility-spec.fic.sc.re were *** mobility tests were undertaken,namely the 10 m walking test[10MWT]and timed up and go[TUG]test,and a subset of 10 c.sesc.ntrol pairs wore GPS data loggers for 3 weeks to measure their mobility in a more natural *** ec.nomic.data was c.llec.ed from all 31 c.se-c.ntrol pairs,and eac. partic.pant undertaking the GPS ac.ivity rec.rded daily earnings and health expenditure throughout the observation ***:c.ses had a signific.ntly poorer overall QoL(c.ses=32.2,c.ntrols=6.0,Pc.fic.c.ses=43.1,c.ntrols=7.4,Pc.res in c.mparison to *** were also signific.ntly slower(Pc.mpleting the timed mobility tests,*** 10MWT speed of 0.83 m/s in c.mparison to 1.10 m/s for *** inc.nsistent relationship was observed between mobility-spec.fic.QoL sc.res and the timed test results for c.ses(10MWT c.rrelation=−0.06,95%c.=(−0.41,0.30)),indic.ting that their perc.ived disability differed from their measured disability,whereas the results were c.nsistent for c.ntrols(10MWT c.rrelation=−0.61,95%c.=(−0.79,−0.34)).GPS summaries indic.ted that c.ses generally walk shorter distanc.s at slower speeds than c.ntrol,c.vering a smaller geographic.l area(median area by kernel smoothing:c.ses=1.25 km2,c.ntrols=2.10 km^(2),P=0.16).c.ses reported earning less than half that earned by c.ntrols per week(c.ses=$0.70,c.ntrols=$1.86,P=0.064),with a smaller proportion of their earnings(16%vs 22%,P=0.461)being spent on ***:Those affec.ed by lymphoede

关键词： Lymphatic.filariasis Lymphoedema Morbidity Malawi GPS Mobility Quality of life

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Inc.denc. of Nephropathy in HIV Infec.ed Patients Rec.iving Highly Ac.ive Antiretroviral Therapy at Newlands c.inic. A Retrospec.ive Study

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World Journal of AIDS 2015年第2期5卷 113-123页

作者： T. Shamu M. Wellington M. Pasc.e L. Gwanzura c. E. ndhlovu Newlands c.inic Harare Zimbabwe c.llege of Health Sc.enc.s University of Zimbabwe Harare Zimbabwe

Introduc.ion: HIV infec.ed patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) are at risk of developing nephropathy and therefore require monitoring of renal func.ion. Some medic.tions used in the management of HIV, opportunistic.infec.ions (OIs) and other c.morbidities are nephrotoxic.and may further c.mpromise renal func.ion, underlining the importanc. of regular monitoring of renal func.ion. This study was designed to determine the inc.denc. of nephropathy in HIV infec.ed patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) at Newlands c.inic.and to determine the assoc.ated risk fac.ors. Methodology: A retrospec.ive c.hort study was c.nduc.ed involving 1986 HIV-1 infec.ed partic.pants who were c.mmenc.d on ART between January 2007 and Dec.mber 2013 at Newlands c.inic. The majority of partic.pants were female (1340 (67.5%)). All partic.pants were aged 18 or older at ART c.mmenc.ment. Partic.pants with pre-existing nephropathy at baseline were exc.uded. Nephropathy was defined as two c.nsec.tive c.lc.lated c.eatinine c.earanc.s (c.c.) less than 60 ml/min by the c.c.c.oft-Gault equation, or two c.nsec.tive urine dipstic.s positive for protein (≥30 g/L albumin). Data c.llec.ed during routine patient visits were exported from the c.inic.s database and analysed for inc.denc. of nephropathy and risk fac.ors. Results: During the follow-up period, 93 of the 1986 partic.pants (4.7%) developed nephropathy. The estimated inc.denc. rate (IR) of nephropathy was 1.45/100 person years (c.: 1.17 - 1.78). In the multivariate analysis, statistic.lly signific.nt risk fac.ors were baseline age > 45 (HR 2.30, c.: 1.50 - 3.55), diabetes mellitus (HR 4.12, c.: 1.75 - 9.69), pulmonary tuberc.losis (HR 2.00, c.: 1.28 - 3.12), and HIV wasting syndrome (HR 2.72, c.: 1.30 - 5.68). c.nc.usion: The inc.denc. of nephropathy was low in this c.hort. The traditional risk fac.ors for renal disease;older age and diabetes mellitus were signific.nt, as well as HIV wasting syndrome and pulmonary tuberc.losis. HIV c.re shoul

关键词： Zimbabwe Nephropathy ART Management HIV c.eatinine c.earanc.

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Human galec.in-9 potently enhanc.s SARS-c.V-2 replic.tion and inflammation in airway epithelial c.lls

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Journal of Molec.lar c.ll Biology 2023年第4期15卷 46-59页

作者： Li Du Mohamed S.Bouzidi Akshay Gala Fred Deiter Jean-Noël Billaud Stephen T.Yeung Prerna Dabral Jing Jin Graham Simmons Zain Y.Dossani Toshiro Niki lishomwa c.ndhlovu John R.Greenland Satish K.Pillai Vitalant Researc. Institute San FranciscoCA 94105USA Department of Laboratory Medic.ne University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA 94143-0134USA Department of Medic.ne University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA 94143-0410USA Veterans Affairs Health c.re System San FranciscoCA 94121USA QIAGEN Digital Insights Redwood CityCA 94063USA Division of Infec.ious Diseases Department of MedicineWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA Department of Immunology Kagawa UniversityKagawa 760-0016Japan

The severe ac.te respiratory syndrome c.ronavirus 2 (SARS-c.V-2) pandemic.has c.used a global ec.nomic.and health c.isis. Rec.ntly, plasma levels of galec.in-9 (Gal-9), a β-galac.oside-binding lec.in involved in immune regulation and viral immunopathogenesis, were reported to be elevated in the setting of severe c.VID-19 disease. However, the impac. of Gal-9 on SARS-c.V-2 infec.ion and immunopathology remained to be eluc.dated. In this study, we demonstrate that Gal-9 treatment potently enhanc.s SARS-c.V-2 replic.tion in human airway epithelial c.lls (AEc.), inc.uding immortalized AEc. and primary AEc. c.ltured at the air–liquid interfac.. Gal-9–glyc.n interac.ions promote SARS-c.V-2 attac.ment and entry into AEc. in an angiotensin-c.nverting enzyme 2 (Ac.2)-dependent manner, enhanc.ng the binding of the viral spike protein to Ac.2. Transc.iptomic.analysis revealed that Gal-9 and SARS-c.V-2 infec.ion synergistic.lly induc.d the expression of key pro-inflammatory programs in AEc., inc.uding the IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, EIF2, and TNFα signaling pathways. Our findings suggest that manipulation of Gal-9 should be explored as a therapeutic.strategy for SARS-c.V-2 infec.ion.

关键词： SARS-c.V-2 galec.in-9 inflammation airway epithelial c.lls

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非洲农村某高HIV流行地区利用两涂片与三涂片法诊断培阳肺结核病人的效果比较

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国际结核病与肺部疾病杂志 2002年第4期 142-146页

作者： A.c.c.ampin S.Floyd F.Mwaungulu G.Blac. R.ndhlovu E.Mwaiyeghele J.R.Glynn D.K.Warndorff P.E.M.Fine 贺晓新 Karonga Prevention Study Chilumba Malawi Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK MRc.Laboratories Fajarao The Gambia Karonga Prevention Study Chilumba Malawi Department of Infec.ious and Tropic.l Diseases London-School of Hygieneand Tropical Medicine London UK MRc.Laboratories Fajara The Gambia Department of Infec.ious and Tropic.l Diseases London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK

地点:北马拉维Karonga地区。目的:比较在高HIV流行条件下两涂片法与三涂片法诊断肺结核的灵敏度和特异度。设计:共对1992例可疑肺结核病人进行了检查,这些病人都有在2-7天内进行的三涂片检查结果以及至少一份标本的培养检查结果。涂... 详细信息

地点:北马拉维Karonga地区。目的:比较在高HIV流行条件下两涂片法与三涂片法诊断肺结核的灵敏度和特异度。设计:共对1992例可疑肺结核病人进行了检查,这些病人都有在2-7天内进行的三涂片检查结果以及至少一份标本的培养检查结果。涂片先以金胺染色并在荧光显微镜下观察,阳性者再行萋尼氏染色并在光学显微镜下观察确诊。培养检查采用L(?)wenstein-Jensen培养基接种法。标本的真阴性和真阳性根据培养检查结果而定。对两涂片法和三涂片法的诊断灵敏度、特异度以及阴性和阳性预测值进行了比较。结果:与培养结果相比,三涂片法的灵敏度、特异度以及阳性和阴性预测值分别是70％、98％、92％和92％。头两份标本的涂片检查可以给出相似的结果。在三涂片法发现的阳性病例中,两涂片法至少可以发现其中的97％。就具有HIV检查结果的病例而言,两涂片法诊断培阳病例的灵敏度与三涂片法相同。结论:在本研究条件下,应用荧光显微镜和光学显微镜,采用两涂片法替代三涂片法只略微降低了诊断灵敏度,但也稍微提高了诊断特异度;而且上述结果不受HIV感染状态的影响。考虑到误诊的高昂成本,提高诊断的特异度具有重要意义。在结核病控制实践中,由于采用两涂片法代替三涂片法可以节约大量时间。

关键词：结核病诊断痰涂片检查 HIV 非洲

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