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Contrast-enhanced ultrasound as a valuable imaging modality for characterizing testicular lesions

Asian Journal of Andrology 2022年第2期24卷 201-206页

作者： Jie Yu Xin-Hui Jiang lian-fang du Min Bai Zhao-Jun Li Qiu-Sheng Shi Qi Jiang Fan Li Department of Ultrasound Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 201620China Department of Medical Ultrasound Shanghai Baoshan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineShanghai 201999China Department of Urology Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200080China

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)is a new form of ultrasound(US)that can dynamically display microvessels in a highly sensitive manner.The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of CEUS for characterizing testicular lesions in comparison with conventional US.Forty-seven patients with testicular lesions were enrolled.The histopathology results revealed that 31 cases were neoplastic(11 cases of seminomas,8 nonseminomatous germ cell tumors,8 lymphomas,2 Leydig cell tumors,and 2 nonspecific tumors),and 16 cases were nonneoplastic(8 cases of infarctions,3 epidermoid cysts,and 5 inflammation).The indicators of shallow lobulated morphology and cystic-solid echogenicity on conventional US were suggestive of germ cell tumors.More indicators on CEUS were found to be useful for characterizing testicular lesions.All the neoplastic lesions showed hyperenhancement on CEUS.Moreover,germ cell tumors presented with heterogeneous enhancement(73.7%,14/19),a twisted blood vessel pattern,rapid wash-in and wash-out,and peripheral rim hyperenhancement signs.Lymphoma was characterized by nonbranching linear vessel patterns(87.5%,7/8),rapid wash-in and slow wash-out.In nonneoplastic lesions,infarction and epidermoid cysts showed no enhancement,and abscesses were observed with marginal irregular enhancement.The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of CEUS for differentiating between neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions were 100%,93.8%,and 97.9%,respectively,and these values were higher than those for conventional US(90.3%,62.5%,and 80.9%,respectively).CEUS can sensitively reflect the microvascular perfusion in testicular lesions and offers high accuracy for characterizing them.

关键词： characterization contrast-enhanced ultrasound diagnosis testicular neoplasms ultrasound

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Gender Differences in Ventricular-vascular Coupling Following Exercise

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Chinese Medical Sciences Journal 2015年第4期30卷 231-238页

作者： Zhao-jun Li lian-fang du Xiang-hong Luo Department of Ultrasound Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University

Objective To study the differences of cardiovascular system between men and women in response to exercise stress. Methods Forty healthy youth were tested according to Bruce protocol of exercise stress. They were detected by ultrasonography during the rest, peak exercise, and recovery stages, respectively. The left ventricular diastolic elastance(Ed), effective arterial elastance(Ea), left ventricular end-systolic elatance(Ees), ventricular-vascular coupling index(VVI), and total stiffness index(TSI) were measured and calculated according to the formulas. The results of all stages were compared according to genders. Results All stages, the Ed, TSI, and VVI of women were higher than those of men, but the Ees was lower than that of men(all P<0.05); there was no significant difference in Ea between men and women. The Ed, Ees, Ea, and TSI were closely related with left ventricular oxygen consumption and heart function, and women showed more closely. Before and after exercise, the changes were different in Ed, Ees, Ea, TSI, and VVI(all P<0.05), and VVI changed least. Conclusions Before and after exercise, the ventricular stiffness matched well with arterial stiffness and maintained within a narrow range. For women, the tolerance of exercise was lower than that of men.

关键词： ventricular-vascular coupling exercise stress gender exercise echocardiography

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Ultrasound Assessraent of Intima-media Thickness and Diameter of Carotid Arteries in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis or Renal Transplantation

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Current Medical Science 2018年第4期38卷 727-733页

作者： Zhao-jun Li lian-fang du Yan QIN Ji-bin LIU Xiang-hong LUO Department of Ultrasound Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200080 China Department of Urology Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200080 China Department of Radiology Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia 19107 USA Department of Echocardiography Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200080 China

Renal transplant （RT） recipients have a high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. However, the effects of renal transplantation on the development of arteriosclerosis have been controversial. The carotid intima-media thickness （CIMT） and diameter （CD） are important indicators of vascular remodeling and arteriosclerosis. In this study, 31 patients with hemodialysis （HD）, 31 RT recipients and 84 age- and gender-matched control subjects were enrolled. Their CIMT and CD were measured by ultrasonic radiofrequency tracking, and the linear regression models and Z test were used to identify the progression of arteriosclerosis and the risk factors. Compared with HD group, RT group had significantly lower CIMT and CD. CIMT was found to be associated with age, body weight, resistance index and diastolic velocity, while CD was associated significantly with age, body weight, pulsatility index, end diastolic velocity and diastolic blood pressure （DBP）, respectively. The correlation curves between CIMT and age showed the slopes of curves were decreased successively in control, RT and HD groups, and the curves between CD and age showed the slopes were decreased in order of RT 〉 control 〉 HD groups. It was concluded that CIMT and CD were significantly correlated with age in RT and moderately with age in HD patients. RT could reduce the progress of arteriosclerosis in patients with end-stage renal disease.

关键词： ultrasonic radiofrequency tracking renal transplantation arteriosclerosis carotid intima-media thickness age

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Value of shear wave elastography with maximal elasticity in differentiating benign and malignant solid focal liver lesions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第46期26卷 7416-7424页

作者： Hui-Ping Zhang Ji-Ying Gu Min Bai Fan Li Yu-Qing Zhou lian-fang du Department of Ultrasound Shanghai Changning Maternity and Infant Health HospitalEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200050China Department of Ultrasound Shanghai Fourth People’s HospitalShanghai Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200434China Department of Ultrasound Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai 200080China

BACKGROUND It is important to differentiate benign and malignant focal liver lesions(FLLs)accurately.Despite the wide use and acceptance of shear wave elastography(SWE),its value for assessing the elasticity of FLLs and differentiating benign and malignant FLLs is still investigational.Previous studies of SWE for FLLs used mean elasticity as the parameter to reflect the stiffness of FLLs.Considering the inhomogeneity of tumor stiffness,maximal elasticity(Emax)might be the suitable parameter to reflect the stiffness of FLLs and to differentiate malignant FLLs from benign ones.AIM To explore the value of SWE with Emax in differential diagnosis of solid FLLs.METHODS We included 104 solid FLLs in 95 patients and 50 healthy volunteers.All the subjects were examined using conventional ultrasound(US)and virtual touch tissue quantification(VTQ)imaging.A diagnosis of benign or malignant FLL was made using conventional US.Ten VTQ values were acquired after 10 consecutive measurements for each FLL and each normal liver,and the largest value was recorded as Emax.RESULTS There were 56 cases of malignant FLLs and 48 cases of benign FLLs in this study.Emax of malignant FLLs(3.29±0.88 m/s)was significantly higher than that of benign FLLs(1.30±0.46 m/s,P<0.01)and that of livers in healthy volunteers(1.15±0.17 m/s,P<0.01).The cut-off point of Emax was 1.945,and the area under the curve was 0.978.The sensitivity and specificity of Emax were 92.9%and 91.7%,respectively,higher(but not significantly)than those of conventional US(80.4%for sensitivity and 81.3%for specificity).Combined diagnosis of conventional US and Emax using parallel testing improved the sensitivity to 100%with specificity of 75%.CONCLUSION SWE is a convenient and easy method to obtain accurate stiffness information of solid FLLs.Emax is useful for differential diagnosis of FLLs,especially in combination with conventional US.

关键词： Focal hepatic lesions Shear wave elastography Conventional ultrasound Maximal elasticity

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Correlation between blood circulation grading and angiogenesis using ultrasonic contrast of rabbit VX2 hepatic carcinoma

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第2期9卷 148-153页

作者： Chang-Song Xu Yi-Jin Su Ming Xu Wei Liu Peng Hao lian-fang du Department of Ultrasound Huai'an First People's Hospital Nanjing Medical University Department of Ultrasound Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University

Objective: To build the rabbit model of VX2 hepatic carcinoma, examine the tumor body using the ultrasonic contrast and study the correlation between the blood circulation grading and angiogenesis. Methods: The VX2 tumor strain was prepared in the lateral muscle of the hind legs of 40 male New Zealand rabbits(which were purchased from Nanjing Senbao Biotech Co., Ltd.). The tumor block was embedded in the center of left liver lobe directly to build the rabbit model of VX2 hepatic carcinoma. The ultrasonic contrast was performed 14 d after implanting the tumor body. The semi-quantitative classification(0-Ⅳ level) was taken according to the blood flow of tumor vessel. Animals were executed using the air embolism method. The liver was separated to extract RNA and total protein respectively. The real-time PCR and western blotting method were employed to detect the expression of angiogenesis-related factors of VEGF, b FGF and TNF-γ, while the ultrasonic contrast to detect the correlation with blood circulation grading. The Pearson product moment correlation coefficient was used to measure the linear relationship between these two variables and analyze the correlation between the blood circulation grading and angiogenesis using the ultrasonic contrast. Results: Thirty-three rabbits had the successful model of VX2 hepatic carcinoma. The blood circulation grading by ultrasonic contrast was: 2 cases at level 0(6.60%), 5 cases at level Ⅰ(16.7%), 12 cases at level Ⅱ(40.0%), 6 cases at level Ⅲ(20.0%)(local dense or clustered blood flow) and 5 cases at level Ⅳ(16.7%). The results showed that there was positive correlation between three angiogenesis-related factors and the blood circulation grading. The correlation coefficient between three angiogenesis-related factors and the blood circulation grading was over 0.9, which indicated the relatively high correlation. Conclusions: The ultrasound blood circulation grading for the hepatic carcinoma can clearly reflect the changes of blood vessel, which will be of critical significanc

关键词： Hepatic carcinoma VX2 Ultrasonic contrast Angiogenesis bFGF TNF-α

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value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of gallbladder lesion

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第6期24卷 744-751页

作者： Hui-Ping Zhang Min Bai Ji-Ying Gu Ying-Qian He Xiao-Hui Qiao lian-fang du Department of Ultrasound Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine

AIM To describe contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) features and evaluate differential diagnosis value of CEUS and conventional ultrasound for patients with benign and malignant gallbladder lesions. METHODS This study included 105 gallbladder lesions. Before surgical resection and pathological examination, conventional ultrasound and CEUS were performed to examine for lesions. Then, all the lesions were diagnosed as(1) benign,(2) probably benign,(3) probably malignant or(4) malignant using both conventional ultrasound and CEUS. The CEUS features of these gallbladder lesions were analyzed and diagnostic efficiency between conventional ultrasound and CEUS was compared.RESULTS There were total 17 cases of gallbladder cancer and 88 cases of benign lesion. Some gallbladder lesions had typical characteristics on CEUS(e.g., gallbladder adenomyomatosis had typical characteristics of small nonenhanced areas on CEUS). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of CEUS were 94.1%, 95.5%, 80.0%, 98.8%and 95.2%, respectively. These were significantly higher than conventional ultrasound(82.4%, 89.8%, 60.9%, 96.3% and 88.6%, respectively). CEUS had an accuracy of 100% for gallbladder sludge and CEUS helped in differential diagnosis among gallbladder polyps, gallbladder adenoma and gallbladder cancer.CONCLUSION CEUS may provide more useful information and improve the diagnosis efficiency for the diagnosis of gallbladder lesions than conventional ultrasound.

关键词： Contrast enhanced ultrasound Conventional ultrasound Gallbladder carcinoma Gallbladder adenomyomatosis

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A novel triple periodic minimal surface-like plate lattice and its data-driven optimization method for superior mechanical properties

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第2期45卷 217-238页

作者： Yanda WANG Yanping lian Zhidong WANG Chunpeng WANG Daining fang State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems&Center for Applied Physics and Technology College of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Institute of Advanced Structure Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

Lattice structures can be designed to achieve unique mechanical properties and have attracted increasing attention for applications in high-end industrial equipment,along with the advances in additive manufacturing(AM)technologies.In this work,a novel design of plate lattice structures described by a parametric model is proposed to enrich the design space of plate lattice structures with high connectivity suitable for AM processes.The parametric model takes the basic unit of the triple periodic minimal surface(TPMS)lattice as a skeleton and adopts a set of generation parameters to determine the plate lattice structure with different topologies,which takes the advantages of both plate lattices for superior specific mechanical properties and TPMS lattices for high connectivity,and therefore is referred to as a TPMS-like plate lattice(TLPL).Furthermore,a data-driven shape optimization method is proposed to optimize the TLPL structure for maximum mechanical properties with or without the isotropic constraints.In this method,the genetic algorithm for the optimization is utilized for global search capability,and an artificial neural network(ANN)model for individual fitness estimation is integrated for high efficiency.A set of optimized TLPLs at different relative densities are experimentally validated by the selective laser melting(SLM)fabricated samples.It is confirmed that the optimized TLPLs could achieve elastic isotropy and have superior stiffness over other isotropic lattice structures.

关键词： lattice structure triple periodic minimal surface(TPMS) plate lattice structural optimization machine learning

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A Novel Fracturing Fluid with High-Temperature Resistance for Ultra-Deep Reservoirs

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第5期20卷 975-987页

作者： lian Liu liang Li Kebo Jiao Junwei fang Yun Luo Northwest Oilfield Branch China Petroleum&Chemical CorporationUrumqi830011China Sinopec Key Laboratory for Enhanced Recovery in Fractured and Cavernous Reservoir Urumqi830011China

Ultra-deep reservoirs play an important role at present in fossil energy exploitation.due to the related high temperature,high pressure,and high formation fracture pressure,however,methods for oil well stimulation do not produce satisfactory results when conventional fracturing fluids with a low pumping rate are used.In response to the above problem,a fracturing fluid with a density of 1.2~1.4 g/cm^(3)was developed by using Potassium formatted,hydroxypropyl guanidine gum and zirconium crosslinking agents.The fracturing fluid was tested and its ability to maintain a viscosity of 100 mPa.s over more than 60 min was verified under a shear rate of 1701/s and at a temperature of 175℃.This fluid has good sand-carrying performances,a low viscosity after breaking the rubber,and the residue content is less than 200 mg/L.Compared with ordinary reconstruction fluid,it can increase the density by 30%~40%and reduce the wellhead pressure of 8000 m level reconstruction wells.Moreover,the new fracturing fluid can significantly mitigate safety risks.

关键词： Ultra-deep reservoir high-temperature resistance weighted fracturing fluid guanidine gum potassium formatted

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Poly(3-hexylthio) thiophene Field-effect Transistor Device Performance: Impact of the Content of Hexylthio Side Chain on Backbone

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第1期42卷 14-23,I0005页

作者： Hao-Yu Liu lian-He Han Ling-Wei Kong Li-Ping Zhu Xiao-Lan Qiao Mei-fang Zhu State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai 201620China School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Regioregular poly(3-hexylthio)thiopene(P3HTT) has emerged tremendous potential in organic electronic applications due to the strong noncovalent interactions from the sulfur atom linked to thiophene. However, P3HTT generally exhibits low charge mobility mostly due to poor solution processability attributed to dense arrangement of hexylthio side chain in polymer, which led to strong noncovalent interactions among sulfur atoms. To balance the nonvalent interaction and aggregation for P3HTT, herein, we systematically study the effect of hexylthio side chain content in polymer backbone on the structure and properties. A series of regioregular P3HTT-based homopolymers(P3HTT, P3HTT-50,P3HTT-33 and P3HTT-25) were prepared via Kumada catalyst transfer polycondensation method from a set of mono-, bi-, ter-and quarterthiophenes containing different contents of hexylthio side chain. The DFT calculation shows the planarity of polymers backbone could be improved through reducing the density of hexylthio side chain in polymer mainchain. And significant changes in their crystallinity, aggregation and optical properties were observed with the content of hexylthio side chain reducing. The P3HTT-33 displayed the highest field-effect transistor hole mobility of 2.83×10^(-2) cm^(2)·V^(-1)·s^(-1) resulting from a balance between the crystallinity and planarity. This study demonstrates modulating the content of hexylthio side chain in P3HTT is an effective strategy to optimize the opto-electronic properties of polymer obtaining excellent semiconductor device performance.

关键词： Conjugated polymer Polythiophene Noncovalent interaction Molecular aggregation Organic field-effect transistor

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Feasibility and limitations of combined treatment for lateral pelvic lymph node metastases in rectal cancer

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2024年第5期15卷 591-593页

作者： Ying-Zi Zheng fang-fang Yan lian-Xiang Luo The First Clinical College Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiang 524023Guangdong ProvinceChina The Marine Biomedical Research Institute Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiang 524000Guangdong ProvinceChina

Colorectal cancer ranks among the most commonly diagnosed cancers globally,and is associated with a high rate of pelvic recurrence after surgery.In efforts to mitigate recurrence,pelvic lymph node dissection(PLND)is commonly advocated as an adjunct to radical surgery.Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy(NACRT)is a therapeutic approach employed in managing locally advanced rectal cancer,and has been found to increase the survival rates.Chua et al have proposed a combination of NACRT with selective PLND for addressing lateral pelvic lymph node metastases in rectal cancer patients,with the aim of reducing recurrence and improving survival outcomes.Nevertheless,certain studies have indicated that the addition of PLND to NACRT and total mesorectal excision did not yield a significant reduction in local recurrence rates or improvement in survival.Consequently,meticulous patient selection and perioperative chemotherapy may prove indispensable in ensuring the efficacy of PLND.

关键词： Rectal cancer Lateral pelvic lymph nodes metastases Pelvic lymph node dissection Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy Total mesorectal excision

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