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Computational Modelling of Retrofitting a Coal Fired Boiler Type OP-230 for Predicting NOX Reduction

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Journal of Thermal Science 2018年第5期27卷 433-439页

作者： MOTYL Przemyslaw lach Jan Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in RadomRadom 26-600poland Faculty of Engineering Management Bialystok University of TechnologyKleosin 16-001 Poland

This study focuses on a CFD modelling of biomass-derived syngas co-firing with coal in an older mid-sized PC-fired boiler of type OP-230 with low-emission burners on the front wall. The simulations were performed to determine whether the boiler can be retrofitted for the fulfilment of the prospective environmental protection regulations relating to levels of NO_X emissions. The improvement of the air staging via the dual-fuel technique was based on the indirect co-firing technology. The impact of two arrangements of dedicated syngas nozzles(below and above the existing coal burners), two syngas compositions and two heat replacements(5% and 15%) on the course of thermal processes in a furnace was tested. The reductions in NO_X emissions were predicted relative to the baseline when only coal is combusted. The highest reduction of about 38% was achieved with the syngas nozzles below the existing coal burners and 15% heat replacement. This arrangement of nozzles offers the residence time sufficient to co-fire coal with waste derived syngas. A lower reduction in NO_X emissions was obtained with the nozzles above the burners as the enlargement of local fuel rich zone near syngas injection becomes significant for 15% heat replacement. Results provide for the decreasing impact of methane content along with the increase of syngas heat input. The avoided CO_2 emissions through the syngas indirect co-firing with coal in the boiler are linear function of heat replacements.

关键词： boiler modelling co-firing biomass derived syngas NOX emission retrofitting

Current pathogenetic aspects of hepatic encephalopathy and noncirrhotic hyperammonemic encephalopathy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第1期19卷 26-34页

作者： Halina Cichoz-lach Agata Michalak Department of Gastroenterology Medical University of Lublin20094 LublinPoland 2nd Faculty of Medicine Medical University of Lublin20059 LublinPoland

Hepatic encephalopathy is a medical phenomenon that is described as a neuropsychiatric manifestation of chronic or acute liver disease that is characterized by psychomotor,intellectual and cognitive abnormalities with emotional/affective and behavioral *** article focuses on the underlying mechanisms of the condition and the differences between hepatic encephalopathy and noncirrhotic hyperammonemic *** encephalopathy is a serious condition that can cause neurological death with brain edema and intracranial *** is assumed that approximately 60%-80% of patients with liver cirrhosis develop hepatic encephalopathy This review explores the complex mechanisms that lead to hepatic ***,noncirrhotic hyperammonemic encephalopathy is not associated with hepatic diseases and has a completely different *** hyperammonemic encephalopathy is a severe occurrence that is connected with multiple pathogeneses.

关键词： Hepatic encephalopathy Noncirrhotic hyperammonemic encephalopathy Pathogeneses Ammonia Astrocyte Oxidative stress

Oxidative stress as a crucial factor in liver diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第25期20卷 8082-8091页

作者： Halina Cichoz-lach Agata Michalak Department of Gastroenterology Medical University of Lublin the Second Faculty of Medicine Medical University of Lublin

Redox state constitutes an important background of numerous liver disorders. The redox state participates in the course of inflammatory, metabolic and proliferative liver diseases. Reactive oxygen species(ROS) are primarily produced in the mitochondria and in the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes via the cytochrome P450 enzymes. Under the proper conditions, cells are equipped with special molecular strategies that control the level of oxidative stress and maintain a balance between oxidant and antioxidant particles. Oxidative stress represents an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant agents. Hepatocytic proteins, lipids and DNA are among the cellular structures that are primarily affected by ROS and reactive nitrogen species. The process results in structural and functional abnormalities in the liver. Thus, the phenomenon of oxidative stress should be investigated for several reasons. First, it may explain the pathogenesis of various liver disorders. Moreover, monitoring oxidative markers among hepatocytes offers the potential to diagnose the degree of liver damage and ultimately to observe the response to pharmacological therapies. The present report focuses on the role of oxidative stress in selected liver diseases.

关键词： Liver disease Oxidative stress Redox state

Liver injury in the era of COVID-19

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第5期27卷 377-390页

作者： Halina Cichoż-lach Agata Michalak Department of Gastroenterology with Endoscopy Unit Medical University of LublinJaczewskiego 8Lublin 20-954Poland

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)has undoubtedly revolutionized the whole globe and given a new point of view on respiratory tract ***,coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)cannot be perceived as a disease limited only to pneumonia with diverse *** and more reports have demonstrated a wide range of possible systemic symptoms,including hepatic *** injury has been observed in a significant proportion of patients,especially in those with a severe or critical ***-19 might provoke a deterioration of liver function in patients with already diagnosed chronic liver diseases and without pre-existing liver *** deterioration of liver function worsens the prognosis,increases the risk of a severe course of SARS-CoV-2 infection and prolongs the hospital *** general,patients who develop liver dysfunction in COVID-19 are mainly males,elderly people,and those with higher body mass *** underlying mechanisms for hepatic failure in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 are still unclear,nevertheless liver damage appears to be directly connected with virus-induced cytopathic effects.A liver injury observed during hospitalization might be simultaneously caused by the use of potentially hepatotoxic drugs,mainly antiviral *** minireview focuses on a possible relationship between COVID-19 and the liver,potential molecular mechanisms of liver damage,the characteristics of liver injury and suggested factors predisposing to hepatic manifestations in COVID-19 patients.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 infection COVID-19 Acute liver failure Chronic liver diseases Inflammation

Red blood cell distribution width derivatives in alcohol-related liver cirrhosis and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第38期28卷 5636-5647页

作者： Agata Michalak Małgorzata Guz Joanna Kozicka Marek Cybulski Witold Jeleniewicz Tomasz lach Halina Cichoż-lach Department of Gastroenterology Medical University of LublinLublin 20-954Poland Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Medical University of LublinLublin 20-093Poland Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology Medical University of LublinLublin 20-954Poland

BACKGROUND Looking for undiscovered blood markers of liver fibrosis and steatosis still remains an issue worth *** are still plenty of unresolved issues related to the actual role of hematological indices as potential markers of liver *** To study red blood cell distribution width(RDW),RDW-to-platelet ratio(RPR)and RDW-to-lymphocyte ratio(RLR) in alcohol-related liver cirrhosis(ALC) and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).METHODS The study group was composed of 302 people:142 patients with ALC and 92 with MAFLD;68 persons were included as ***,RPR and RLR were measured in each *** and direct parameters of liver fibrosis were also assessed [aspartate transaminase to alkaline transaminase ratio,aspartate transaminase to platelet ratio index(APRI),fibrosis-4(FIB-4),gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase to platelet ratio(GPR),procollagen I carboxyterminal propeptide,procollagen Ⅲ aminoterminal propeptide,transforming growth factor-α,plateletderived growth factor AB,laminin].MELD score in ALC patients and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) fibrosis score together with BARD score were obtained in the MAFLD *** achieved results were compared to *** a correlation between assessed markers was *** value of each investigated parameter and its suggested cut-off in the research group RESULTS RDW,RPR and RLR values turned out to be significantly higher in ALC and MAFLD groups compared to controls(ALC:P<0.0001;NAFLD:P<0.05,P<0.0001 and P<0.0001,respectively).RPR correlated positively with MELD score(P<0.01) and indirect indices of liver fibrosis(FIB-4 and GPR;P<0.0001) in ALC patients;negative correlations were found between PDGF-AB and both:RDW and RPR(P<0.01 and P<0.0001,respectively).RPR correlated positively with NAFLD fibrosis score and APRI(P<0.0001) in the MAFLD group;a positive relationship was observed between RDW and FIB-4,too(P<0.05).AUC values and suggested cut-offs for RDW,RPR and RLR in ALC

关键词： Hematological indices Alcohol-related liver cirrhosis Metabolic-associated liver disease Red blood cell distribution width Red blood cell distribution width-to-platelet ratio Red blood cell distribution width-to-lymphocyte ratio

Towards an evaluation of alcoholic liver cirrhosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients with hematological scales

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第47期26卷 7538-7549页

作者： Agata Michalak Halina Cichoz-lach Malgorzata Guz Joanna Kozicka Marek Cybulski Witold Jeleniewicz Andrzej Stepulak Department of Gastroenterology Medical University of LublinLublin 20-954Jaczewskiego 8Poland Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Medical University of LublinLublin 20-093Chodzki 3Poland Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Medical Univeristy of LublinLublin 20-093Chodźki 3Poland

BACKGROUND Seeking potentially novel blood markers of liver fibrosis and steatosis is constantly of crucial *** a growing number of studies in this field of hepatology,a certain role of hematological indices in the course of liver disorders has not been fully elucidated,*** To evaluate a diagnostic accuracy of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR)and mean platelet volume-to-platelet-ratio(MPR)in the course of alcoholic liver cirrhosis(ALC)and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).METHODS One hundred forty-two patients with ALC,92 with NAFLD and 68 persons in control group were enrolled in the *** indices(NLR,PLR and MPR),indirect and direct markers of liver fibrosis(aspartate transaminase to alkaline transaminase ratio,aspartate transaminase to platelet ratio index,fibrosis-4,gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase to platelet ratio,procollagen Ⅰ carboxyterminal propeptide,procollagen Ⅲ aminoterminal propeptide,transforming growth factor-α,platelet-derived growth factor AB,laminin)were measured in each *** for end-stage liver disease(MELD)score in ALC group and NAFLD fibrosis score together with BARD score were calculated in NAFLD *** operating characteristic(ROC)curves and area under the curve(AUC)values were applied to assess the sensitivity and specificity of examined markers and to evaluate proposed cut-offs of measured indices in the course of ALC and *** MPR and NLR values in ALC patients were significantly higher in comparison to control group;PLR level was significantly *** and PLR correlated with assessed indirect and direct markers of liver ***,NLR and PLR correlated with MELD *** level in NAFLD patients was significantly higher in comparison to *** correlated with indirect markers of liver fibrosis and NAFLD fibrosis *** values and proposed cut-offs for NLR,PLR and MPR in ALC patients were:0.821(>2.227),0.675(0

关键词： Hematological markers Alcoholic liver cirrhosis Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio Mean platelet volume-to-platelet-ratio

Primary supratentorial intracerebral malignant paraganglioma

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Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation 2015年第1期2卷 121-126页

作者： Ahmed A.Al Jishi Boleslaw lach Ali Elgheriani Edward Kachur Aleksa Cenic Department of Surgery Division of NeurosurgeryHamilton General HospitalMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntario L8L 2X2Canada

Paragangliomas are extra‑adrenal neuroendocrine tumors that derive from neural *** general,they are benign tumors but few cases had shown a tendency to *** forms have been reported previously with intracranial metastasis from duodenal origin,but primary intracranial origin represents a rare and unusual location for such ***,we report a rare case of a 48‑year‑old lady who presented with symptomatic right‑sided insular mass with negative metastatic work up.A complete surgical resection had been done with an unexpected diagnosis of primary gangliocytic paraganglioma with malignant features.

关键词： Brain chemodectoma gangliocytic paraganglioma intracerebral intracranial

Silicon-Basing Ceramizable Composites Containing Long Fibers

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2013年第5期1卷 43-48页

作者： Zbigniew Pedzich Rafal Anyszka Dariusz MBieliński Magdalena Ziabka Radoslaw lach Magdalena Zarzecka-Napierala Department of Ceramics and Refractory Materials AGH-University of Science&TechnologyKrakowPoland Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology Lodz University of TechnologyLodzPoland

Ceramization is a phenomenon which assures compactness of polymer-based composites in the case of their thermal degradation caused by open fire or exposure at high temperatures. This phenomenon is based on preventing volatiles of thermal decomposition of silicone rubber from evacuation by creation of ceramic layer. This ceramized structure is composed of mineral filer particles, connected by fluxing agent—glassy phase. The ceramic barrier created during firing is aimed to protect copper wire inside the cable from melting, being additionally strong enough to maintain integrity of electrical circuit. The paper presents experimental data on mechanical properties of silicone rubber composites strengthened additionally with long fibers of different types—aluminosilicate and polyamide (Kevlar) ones. Fibers were introduced into composites in oriented way. Mechanical properties were investigated taking into account fiber orientation anisotropy. Ceramization process of composites was described by observation of morphology and strengthen measurements of samples fired at 1000°C.

关键词： Silicone Rubber Ceramization Composites Polyamide Fibers Aluminosilicate Fibers

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大自然与重工业的磨合

矿业装备 2014年第1期 10-17页

作者： ALANNAH EAMES ADAM lach

保加利亚切洛佩奇。位于保加利亚腹地的一座老式矿山在不到十年时间里,从亏损、危害健康和安全的落后状况改造成为一座最先进的地下矿井。自那时起,该矿的产量已翻了三倍,这也是采取最新技术和工艺的现代化计划的一部分。"我们的矿山早... 详细信息

保加利亚切洛佩奇。位于保加利亚腹地的一座老式矿山在不到十年时间里,从亏损、危害健康和安全的落后状况改造成为一座最先进的地下矿井。自那时起,该矿的产量已翻了三倍,这也是采取最新技术和工艺的现代化计划的一部分。"我们的矿山早已过时,我们必须将它拉回现实。"这里的景致就像一张明信片。在巴尔干山脉的掩映下,切洛佩奇铜金矿隐藏在翠绿的山谷中,周围是连绵起伏的山丘和森林,山下还有一个小湖泊。入口处是修剪整齐的花园,看不到冒烟的烟囱,也听不见任何噪音。这里有严格的健康与安全规范,员工收入是保加利亚平均工资的两倍,生锈的

关键词：佩奇保加利亚南欧矿山