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Assessment of oxidative and UV-C treatments for inactivating bacterial biofilms from groundwater wells

Frontiers of environmental Science & engineering 2015年第1期9卷 39-49页

作者： kyle.e. murray erin I. Manitou-ALVAReZ enos C. INNISS Frank G. HeALY Adria A. BODOUR Oklahoma Geological Survey University of Oklahoma Norman OK 73019-0628 USA eRA environmental Consulting Dollard des Ormeaux Montreal Quebec H9B 2C81 Canada Department of Civil and environmental engineering University of Missouri-Columbia MO 65211-2200 USA Department of Biology Trinity University One Trinity Place San Antonio TX 78212 USA Air Force Center for engineering and the environment (AFCee) San Antonio TX 78236 USA

Microorganisms are ubiquitous in natural environments and in water supply infrastructure including groundwater wells. Sessile-state microorganisms may build up on well surfaces as biofilms and, if excessive, cause biofouling that reduces well productivity and water quality. Conditions can be improved using biocides and other traditional well rehabilitation measures; however, biofilm regrowth is inevitable given the continuous introduction of microorganisms from the surrounding environment. Alternative and less invasive well maintenance approaches are desirable for reducing biofilm densities while also minimizing harmful disinfection-by- products. The primary objective of this research was to evaluate effectiveness of alternative treatments for inacti- vating microorganisms comprising biofilms. A novel approach was designed for in situ growth of biofilms on steel coupons suspended from ＇chandeliers＇. After more than 100 days of in situ growth, biofilms were harvested, sampled, and baseline biofilm densities quantifed through cultivation. Ultraviolet-C （UV-C） and oxidative treatments including hydrogen peroxide （H2O2）, ozone （O3） and mixed oxidants were then applied to the biofilms in laboratory-scale treatments. Microbial inactivation was assessed by comparing treated versus baseline biofilm densities. H2O2 was the most effective treatment, and decreased density below baseline by as much as 3.1 orders of magnitude. Mixed oxidants were effective for the well having a lower density biofilm, decreasing density below baseline by as much as 1.4 orders of magnitude. Disparity in the response to treatment was apparent in the wells despite their spatial proximity and common aquifer source, which suggests that microbiological communities are more heterogeneous than the natural media from which they originate.

关键词： aquifer biofouling hydrogen peroxide sustainability well rehabilitation

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Personality and behavioral changes in Asian elephants(elephas maximus)following the death of herd members

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第2期16卷 170-188页

作者： Lucy RUTHeRFORD Lindsay e.murray School of Psychology University of ChesterChesterUK

elephants are highly social beings with complex individual *** know that elephants have a general interest in death,investigating carcasses,not just limited to kin;however,research does not explore in depth whether individuals change their behavior or personality following traumatic events,such as the death of a *** a captive herd of Asian elephants(elephas maximus)housed at Chester Zoo,UK,we measured social behavior and proximity and personality using the Ten-Item Personality Inventory,and found age-related and relationship-related changes in both behavior and personality following the deaths of herd ***,the herd spent less time socializing and engaging in affiliative behaviors following the death of the adult female when compared to baseline data,yet spent more time engaging in these behaviors after the death of two *** death of the central female had a dramatic impact on her infant calf,resulting in increasingly withdrawn behavior,yet had the opposite effect on her adult daughter,who subsequently established a more integrated role within the *** Stability fell in the motherless calf but rose in an adult female,who had lost her adult daughter,but had a new calf to care *** suggest that the greater impact on the behavior and personality of surviving herd members following the deaths of calves,compared to an adult member,attests to the significance of the unifying role played by calves within an elephant herd.

关键词： captive environment death elephant grief proximity

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Development of efficient and accurate skeletal mechanisms for hydrocarbon fuels and kerosene surrogate

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2015年第5期31卷 732-740页

作者： Fengquan Zhong Sugang Ma Xinyu Zhang Chih-Jen Sung kyle.e.Niemeyer State Key Laboratory of High Temperature Gas Dynamics Institute of MechanicsChinese Academy of Sciences Department of Mechanical engineering University of Connecticut School of Mechanical Industrialand Manufacturing EngineeringOregon State University

In this paper,the methodology of the directed relation graph with error propagation and sensitivity analysis（DRGePSA）,proposed by Niemeyer et al.（Combust Flame 157：1760-1770.2010）.and its differences to the original directed relation graph method are *** DRGePSA,the detailed mechanism of ethylene containing 71 species and 395 reaction steps is reduced to several skeletal mechanisms with different error *** 25-species and 131-step mechanism and the 24-species and115-step mechanism are found to be accurate for the predictions of ignition delay time and laminar flame *** further reduction leads to a smaller skeletal mechanism with 19 species and 68 steps,it is no longer able to represent the correct reaction *** the DRGePSA method,a detailed mechanism for n-dodecane considering low-temperature chemistry and containing 2115 species and8157 steps is reduced to a much smaller mechanism with249 species and 910 steps while retaining good *** considering only high-temperature（higher than 1000 K）applications,the detailed mechanism can be simplified to even smaller mechanisms with 65 species and 340 steps or48 species and 220 ***,a detailed mechanism for a kerosene surrogate having 207 species and 1592 steps is reduced with various error thresholds and the results show that the 72-species and 429-step mechanism and the66-species and 392-step mechanism are capable of predicting correct combustion properties compared to those of the detailed *** is well recognized that kinetic mechanisms can be effectively used in computations only after they are reduced to an acceptable size level for computation capacity and at the same time retaining ***,the skeletal mechanisms generated from the present work are expected to be useful for the application of kinetic mechanisms of hydrocarbons to numerical simulations of turbulent or supersonic combustion.

关键词： Reduced chemistry Hydrocarbons Directed relation graph Ignition delay time

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Clinical Factors Associated with Hepatocellular Iron Deposition in end-stage Liver Disease

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2020年第3期8卷 231-239页

作者： Amelia Fierro-Fine Leana Guerin Hasan Hicsasmaz kyle.e.Brown Department of Pathology University of Iowa Roy J.and Lucille A.Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA ObjectRelational LLP Iowa CityIAUSA Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology University of Iowa Roy J.and Lucille A.Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA Program in Free Radical and Radiation Biology University of Iowa Roy J.and Lucille A.Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA Iowa City Veterans Administration Medical Center Iowa CityIAUSA

Background and Aims: Hepatocellular iron accumulation in patients with chronic liver disease has been linked to adverse outcomes. The objective of this study was to identify clinical factors associated with hemosiderosis. Methods: A total of 103 consecutive liver transplant recipients were identified, in whom liver biopsy had been performed prior to transplantation. Laboratory and clinical data at biopsy and transplant were abstracted from the medical records and hepatocyte iron was graded in the biopsy and explant. The association of change in iron score from biopsy to transplant, with the time interval between these two events, was examined using linear mixed model analysis for repeated measures. Results: Most subjects had advanced fibrosis (F3-F4) at liver biopsy, which was performed on average about 2.5 years before transplant. Over 80% of patients had no or 1+ hepatocyte iron at biopsy;iron increased between biopsy and transplant in about 40%. The only demographic or clinical feature that correlated with increased iron was the presence of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Increased iron at transplant was associated with higher serum iron and transferrin saturation at biopsy, and with lower hemoglobin level, greater mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, higher ferritin and model for end-stage liver disease score at ***: The development of hemosiderosis in end-stage liver disease is associated with lower hemoglobin levels and alterations in red blood cell indices that are suggestive of hemolysis. These observations suggest that extravascular hemolysis may play a role in the development of secondary iron overload.

关键词： erythrocyte indices end-stage liver disease Hemolysis Hemosiderosis Humans Iron

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Layer by layer surface engineering of poly (lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles:A versatile tool for nanoparticle engineering for targeted drug delivery

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Science China Chemistry 2013年第8期56卷 1029-1039页

作者： ROMeRO Gabriela murray Richard A. QIU Yuan SANZ David MOYA Sergio e. Biosurfaces Department CIC biomaGUNE Department of Polymer Science and engineering Zhejiang University

Recent work regarding the Layer by Layer （LbL） engineering of poly（lactide-co-glycolide） nanoparticles （PLGA NPs） is reviewed here. The LbL engineering of PLGA NPs is applied as a means of generating advanced drug delivery devices with tailored recognition, protection, cargo and release properties. LbL in combination with covalent chemistry is used to attach PeG and folic acid to control cell uptake and direct it towards cancer cells. LbL coatings composed of chitosan and alginate show low protein interactions and can be used as an alternative to Pegylation. The assembly on top of LbL coatings of lipid layers composed of variable percentages of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-choline （DOPC） and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho- L-serine （DOPS） increases NP uptake and directs the NPs towards the endoplasmic reticulum. The antibody anti-TNF-ct is encapsulated forming a complex with alginate that is assembled LbL on top of PLGA NPs. The antibody is released in cell culture following first order kinetics. The release kinetics of encapsulated molecules inside PLGA NPs are studied when the PLGA NPs are coated via LbL with different polyelectrolytes. The intracellular release of encapsulated Doxorubicin is studied in the HepG2 cell line by means of Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging.

关键词： layer by layer PLGA NPs cell uptake antibody delivery lipid layers intracellular release

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Free-Standing α-MoO_(3)/Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene Hybrid electrode in Water-in-Salt electrolytes

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energy & environmental Materials 2023年第4期6卷 6-14页

作者： Mohit Saraf Christopher e.Shuck Nazgol Norouzi kyle Matthews Alex Inman Teng Zhang ekaterina Pomerantseva Yury Gogotsi A.J.Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and engineering Drexel UniversityPhiladelphia PA 19104USA

While transition-metal oxides such as α-MoO_(3)provide high capacity,their use is limited by modest electronic conductivity and electrochemical instability in aqueous ***-dimensional(2D)MXenes,offer metallic conductivity,but their capacitance is limited in aqueous *** of partially solvated cations into Ti_(3)C_(2)MXene from lithium-based water-in-salt(WIS)electrolytes enables charge storage at positive potentials,allowing a wider potential window and higher ***,we demonstrate that α-MoO_(3)/Ti_(3)C_(2)hybrids combine the high capacity of α-MoO_(3)and conductivity of Ti_(3)C_(2)in WIS(19.8 m LiCI)electrolyte in a wide1.8 V voltage *** voltammograms reveal multiple redox peaks from α-MoO_(3)in addition to the well-separated peaks of Ti_(3)C_(2)in the hybrid *** leads to a higher specific charge and a higher rate capability compared to a carbon and binder containing α-MoO_(3)*** results demonstrate that the addition of MXene to less conductive oxides eliminates the need for conductive carbon additives and binders,leads to a larger amount of charge stored,and increases redox capacity at higher *** addition,MXene encapsulated α-MoO_(3)showed improved electrochemical stability,which was attributed to the suppressed dissolution of α-MoO_(3).The work suggests that oxide/MXene hybrids are promising for energy storage.

关键词： free-standing electrode Ti_(3)C_(2)MXene water-in-salt electrolytes α-MoO_(3)nanobelts

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Multivariate metal-organic frameworks

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National Science Review 2017年第3期4卷 296-298页

作者： Aasif Helal Zain H.Yamani kyle.e.Cordova Omar M.Yaghi Center for Research excellence in Nanotechnology(CeNT) King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Department of Chemistry University of California-Berkeley

Reticular chemistry is founded upon the principles of linking simple organic and inorganic building blocks through strong bonds to form extended,porous and crystalline solids,such as metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)[1].... 详细信息

关键词： MOFs MTV Multivariate metal-organic frameworks that for of is were in SBU

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Influence of biological sex and exercise on murine cardiac metabolism

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第4期11卷 479-494页

作者： kyle Fulghum Helen e.Collins Steven P.Jones Bradford G.Hill Diabetes and Obesity Center Department of MedicineDivision of Environmental MedicineChristina Lee Brown Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY 40202USA Department of Physiology University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY 40202USA

Although the structural and functional effects of exercise on the heart are well established,the metabolic changes that occur in the heart during and after exercise remain *** this study,we used metabolomics to assess time-dependent changes in the murine cardiac metabolome following 1 session of treadmill *** the exercise bout,we also recorded blood lactate,glucose,and ketone body levels and measured cardiac mitochondrial *** both male and female mice,moderate-and high-intensity exercise acutely increased blood lactate *** both sexes,low-and moderate-intensity exercise augmented circulating 3-hydroxybutryrate levels immediately after the exercise bout;however,only in female mice did high-intensity exercise increase 3-hydroxybutyrate levels,with significant increases occurring 1 h after the exercise *** metabolomics analyses of sedentary female and male hearts suggest considerable sex-dependent differences in basal cardiac metabolite levels,with female hearts characterized by higher levels of pantothenate,pyridoxamine,homoarginine,tryptophan,and several glycerophospholipid and sphingomyelin species and lower levels of numerous metabolites,including acetyl coenzyme A,glucuronate,gulonate,hydroxyproline,prolyl-hydroxyproline,carnosine,anserine,and carnitinylated and glycinated species,as compared with male *** after a bout of treadmill exercise,both male and female hearts had higher levels of corticosterone;however,female mice showed more extensive exercise-induced changes in the cardiac metabolome,characterized by significant,time-dependent changes in amino acids(e.g.,serine,alanine,tyrosine,tryptophan,branched-chain amino acids)and the ketone body *** from experiments using isolated cardiac mitochondria suggest that high-intensity treadmill exercise does not acutely affect respiration or mitochondrial coupling;however,female cardiac mitochondria demonstrate generally higher adenosi

关键词： Ketone bodies Metabolomics Mitochondria Physical activity Sex difference

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Hematologic and biochemical reference intervals for specific pathogen free 6-week-old Hampshire-Yorkshire crossbred pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第3期5卷 286-290页

作者： Caitlin A Cooper Luis e Moraes James D murray Sean D Owens Department of Animal Science University of California Department of Population Health and Reproduction University of California Department of Pathology Microbiology and ImmunologySchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California One Shields AvenueDavisCA 95616USA

Background： Hematologic and biochemical reference intervals depend on many factors, including age. A review of the literature highlights the lack of reference intervals for 6-wk-old specific pathogen free （SPF） Hampshire-Yorkshire crossbred pigs. For translational research, 6-wk-old pigs represent an important animal model for both human juvenile colitis and diabetes mellitus type 2 given the similarities between the porcine and human gastrointestinal maturation process. The aim of this study was to determine reference intervals for hematological and biochemical parameters in healthy 6-wk-old crossbred pigs. Blood samples were collected from 66 clinically healthy Hampshire-Yorkshire pigs. The pigs were 6 wks old, represented both sexes, and were housed in a SPF facility. Automated hematological and biochemical analysis were performed using an ADVIA 120 Hematology System and a Cobas 6000 C501 Clinical Chemistry Analyzer. Results： Reference intervals were calculated using both parametric and nonparametric methods. The mean, median, minimum, and maximum values were calculated. Conclusion： As pigs are used more frequently as medical models of human disease, having reference intervals for commonly measured hematological and biochemical parameters in 6-wk-old pigs will be useful. The reference intervals calculated in this study will aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of both naturally occurring and experimentally induced disease. In comparison to published reference intervals for older non SPF pigs, notable differences in leukocyte populations, and in levels of sodium, potassium, glucose, protein, and alkaline phosphatase were observed.

关键词： Biochemical analytes Hematology Pigs Reference interval SPF

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TCR-pMHC: may the force be of you?

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第7期18卷 1622-1623页

作者： Joseph S.murray Xenolaüs Genetics LLC Los AngelesCA90024USA

Theα/βcomponent of the T-cell antigen receptor(TCR)is a transmembrane heterodimer containing genetically variable(V)domains and constant domains within each polypeptide chain.1 The Vαand Vβdomains bind with a clonally unique(clonotypic)interface angle,2 and the complementary determining regions(CDR1,CDR2,and CDR3)manifest as‘loops’between anti-parallelβ-strands of the overall sandwich ofβ-sheets with a central disulfide *** with immunoglobulins,the CDR1 and CDR2 loops are encoded in the germline via the particular V-region DNA segment involved in the RAG1/RAG2 recombination mechanism responsible for somatic construction,together with the D-and/or J-segment,of the third loop,CDR3.1,3 As shown by multiple solved X-ray crystallography structures,the CDRs contain the closest amino acid(a.a.)contacts with the peptide(p)plus the major histocompatibility complex(MHC)protein(together abbrev.,pMHC)composite *** rigorous selection in the thymus for only those TCRs that should function properly in the particular individual after birth(MHC restriction),4 T cells function clonally as well,i.e.,different T-cell clones display differential responses to not only different pMHC ligands but also perhaps more importantly,to the same pMHC ligands.5,6 A long-standing question is how(not whether)TCR V-domain binding to pMHC is ultimately responsible for such vast biological outcomes as protection *** to infectious diseases,atopy,the onset of autoimmune diseases,and the success of various types of transplantation.

关键词： properly sandwich rigorous

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