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Long-lasting discussion: Adverse effects of intraoperative blood loss and allogeneic transfusion on prognosis of patients with gastric cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第22期25卷 2743-2751页

作者： koki nakanishi Mitsuro Kanda Yasuhiro Kodera Department of Gastroenterological Surgery(Surgery Ⅱ) Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine

Gastrectomy with radical lymph node dissection is the most promising treatment avenue for patients with gastric cancer. However, this procedure sometimes induces excessive intraoperative blood loss and requires perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion. There are lasting discussions and controversies about whether intraoperative blood loss or perioperative blood transfusion has adverse effects on the prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. We reviewed laboratory and clinical evidence of these associations in patients with gastric cancer. A large amount of clinical evidence supports the correlation between excessive intraoperative blood loss and adverse effects on the prognosis. The laboratory evidence revealed three possible causes of such adverse effects: anti-tumor immunosuppression, unfavorable postoperative conditions, and peritoneal recurrence by spillage of cancer cells into the pelvis. Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have suggested the adverse effects of perioperative blood transfusions on prognostic parameters such as all-cause mortality, recurrence, and postoperative complications. There are two possible causes of adverse effects of blood transfusions on the prognosis: Anti-tumor immunosuppression and patient-related confounding factors (e.g., preoperative anemia). These factors are associated with a worse prognosis and higher requirement for perioperative blood transfusions. Surgeons should make efforts to minimize intraoperative blood loss and transfusions during gastric cancer surgery to improve patients’ prognosis.

关键词： Gastric cancer Blood loss Prognosis Transfusion Adverse effect Immunosuppression Mortality Recurrence Complication

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Is the measurement of drain amylase content useful for predicting pancreas-related complications after gastrectomy with systematic lymphadenectomy?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第14期26卷 1594-1600页

作者： koki nakanishi Mitsuro Kanda Junichi Sakamoto Yasuhiro Kodera Department of Gastroenterological Surgery(Surgery Ⅱ) Nagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoya 466-8550Japan Tokai Central Hospital Kakamigahara 504-8601Japan

Many studies investigating postoperative pancreatic fistula(POPF)after gastrectomy,including studies measuring drain amylase content(D-AMY)as a predictive factor have been *** article reviews previous studies and looks to the future of measuring D-AMY in patients after *** causes of pancreatic fluid leakage are;the parenchymal and/or thermal injury to the pancreas,and blunt injury to the pancreas by compression and *** of D-AMY to predict POPF has become common in clinical practice after pancreatic surgery and was later extended to the gastric *** studies have reported associations between D-AMY and POPF after gastrectomy,and the high value of D-AMY on postoperative day(POD)1 was an independent risk *** improve both sensitivity and specificity,attempts have been made to enhance the predictive accuracy of factors on POD 1 as well as on POD 3 as combined *** several studies have shown a high predictive ability of POPF,it has not necessarily been exploited in clinical *** problems remain unresolved;ideal timing for measurement,optimal cut-off value,and means of intervention after *** clinical trial could be imperative in order to develop D-AMY measurement in common clinical practice for gastric surgery.

关键词： Gastric cancer Drain amylase Postoperative pancreatic fistula Pancreasrelated complications Gastrectomy Early prediction

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Blastomas of the digestive system in adults:A review

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第4期16卷 1030-1042页

作者： Yu Liu Tony El Jabbour Jonathan Somma Yukihiro nakanishi Saverio Ligato Hwajeong Lee Zhi-Yan Fu Department of Pathology LSU Health Sciences Center School of MedicineNew OrleansLA 70112United States Department of Pathology Hartford HealthCareHartfordCT 06102United States Department of Pathology Moffitt Cancer CenterTampaFL 33612United States Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Albany Medical CenterAlbanyNY 12208United States

Blastomas,characterized by a mixture of mesenchymal,epithelial,and undifferentiated blastematous components,are rare malignant neoplasms originating from precursor blast *** review focuses on digestive system blastomas in adult patients,including gastroblastoma,hepatoblastoma,and *** is a biphasic,epitheliomesenchymal tumor,with only sixteen cases reported to *** addition to the characteristic histology,metastasisassociated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1-glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 gene fusion is typical,although recently novel ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1-c-terminal binding protein 1 and patched 1-glioma-associated oncogene homolog 2 fusions have been *** is exceptionally rare in adults and can show a variety of histologic patterns which may cause diagnostic ***,primarily a pediatric tumor,displays acinar differentiation and squamoid nests with other lines of differentiation also present,especially *** approaches for these blastomas include a combination of imaging modalities,histopathological examination,and molecular *** treatment generally involves surgical resection,which may be supplemented by chemotherapy or radiotherapy in some *** vary with gastroblastoma generally showing favorable outcomes post-surgery whereas hepatoblastoma and pancreatoblastoma often have poorer outcomes,particularly in the setting of *** review highlights the complexity of diagnosing and managing these rare adult blastomas as well as the need for ongoing research to better understand their pathogenesis and improve treatment strategies.

关键词： Adult blastomas Gastroblastoma Hepatoblastoma Pancreatoblastoma Digestive system

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Stage at diagnosis of colorectal cancer through diagnostic route:Who should be screened?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第10期30卷 1368-1376页

作者： Nobukazu Agatsuma Takahiro Utsumi Yoshitaka Nishikawa Takahiro Horimatsu Takeshi Seta Yukitaka Yamashita Yukari Tanaka Takahiro Inoue Yuki nakanishi Takahiro Shimizu Mikako Ohno Akane Fukushima Takeo Nakayama Hiroshi Seno Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Kyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyoto 606-8507Japan Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Japanese Red Cross Wakayama Medical CenterWakayama 640-8558Japan Department of Health Informatics Kyoto University School of Public HealthKyoto 606-8501Japan Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science(iACT) Kyoto University HospitalKyoto 606-8507Japan Medical Support Section Medical Affairs DivisionKyoto University HospitalKyoto 606-8507Japan

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a global health concern,with advanced-stage diagnoses contributing to poor *** efficacy of CRC screening has been well-established;nevertheless,a significant proportion of patients remain unscreened,with>70%of cases diagnosed outside *** identifying specific subgroups for whom CRC screening should be particularly recommended is crucial owing to limited resources,the association between the diagnostic routes and identification of these subgroups has been less *** the Japanese cancer registry,the diagnostic routes for groups discovered outside of screening are primarily categorized into those with comorbidities found during hospital visits and those with CRC-related *** To clarify the stage at CRC diagnosis based on diagnostic *** We conducted a retrospective observational study using a cancer registry of patients with CRC between January 2016 and December 2019 at two *** diagnostic routes were primarily classified into three groups:Cancer screening,follow-up,and *** early-stage was defined as Stages 0 or *** and univariate logistic regressions were exploited to determine the odds of early-stage diagnosis in the symptomatic and cancer screening groups,referencing the follow-up *** adjusted covariates were age,sex,and tumor *** Of the 2083 patients,715(34.4%),1064(51.1%),and 304(14.6%)belonged to the follow-up,symptomatic,and cancer screening groups,*** the 2083 patients,CRCs diagnosed at an early stage were 57.3%(410 of 715),23.9%(254 of 1064),and 59.5%(181 of 304)in the follow-up,symptomatic,and cancer screening groups,*** symptomatic group exhibited a lower likelihood of early-stage diagnosis than the follow-up group[P<0.001,adjusted odds ratio(aOR),0.23;95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.19-0.29].The likelihood of diagnosis at an early stage was similar between the follow-up and cancer screening gro

关键词： Colorectal neoplasms Cancer registry Diagnostic route Cancer screening Stage at diagnosis

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组蛋白激活晚期糖基化终末产物受体并引发炎症反应

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食品与发酵工业 2024年第2期50卷 78-84页

作者：孙常津杨岩刘国玉中西秀树江南大学生物工程学院江苏无锡214122 中国食品发酵工业研究院有限公司功能主食创制与慢病营养干预北京市重点实验室北京100015

晚期糖基化终末产物受体(receptor for advanced glycation end product,RAGE)是免疫球蛋白受体,能够与多种配体结合,研究发现RAGE参与了非专职吞噬细胞对组蛋白修饰的微米颗粒的吞噬过程,但目前没有研究证明组蛋白是RAGE的配体。该研... 详细信息

晚期糖基化终末产物受体(receptor for advanced glycation end product,RAGE)是免疫球蛋白受体,能够与多种配体结合,研究发现RAGE参与了非专职吞噬细胞对组蛋白修饰的微米颗粒的吞噬过程,但目前没有研究证明组蛋白是RAGE的配体。该研究对组蛋白分子能否直接激活RAGE及其下游信号通路进行探究。使用共聚焦显微镜和流式细胞仪检测哺乳动物细胞对可溶性组蛋白分子的内化;采用钙黄绿素乙酰氧基甲酯/碘化丙啶染色法检测细胞活性;通过荧光探针2′,7′-二氯二氢荧光素二乙酸酯检测胞内活性氧水平;利用酶联免疫吸附剂测定法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)测定炎症因子的释放。结果表明,组蛋白分子能够被野生型HEK293T细胞内化并于胞内溶酶体中聚集,RAGE-敲除细胞则无法内化组蛋白;培养基组蛋白质量浓度在100μg/mL时对细胞无明显毒性,细胞活性正常;组蛋白能够通过RAGE刺激细胞活性氧水平升高,并释放炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6);组蛋白与DNA结合能够增强对RAGE的刺激。以上结果表明,组蛋白能够激活RAGE及其下游炎症通路。

关键词：晚期糖基化终末产物受体组蛋白胞饮活性氧炎症

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Screening of agonistic activities against four nuclear receptors in wastewater treatment plants in Japan using a yeast two-hybrid assay

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第1期23卷 125-132页

作者： Daisuke Inoue koki Nakama Kazuko Sawada Taro Watanabe Hisae Matsui Kazunari Sei Tsuyoshi nakanishi Michihiko Ike Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering Osaka University2-1 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology Gifu Pharmaceutical University5-6-1 Mitahora-higashiGifu 502-8585Japan

To assess the potential endocrine disruptive effects through multiple nuclear receptors （NRs）, especially non-steroidal NRs, in municipal wastewater, we examined the agonistic activities on four NRs （estrogen receptor α, thyroid hormone receptor α, retinoic acid receptor ct and retinoid X receptor α） of untreated and treated wastewater from municipal wastewater treatment plants （WWTPs） in Japan using a yeast two-hybrid assay. Investigation of the influent and effluent of seven WWTPs revealed that agonistic activities against steroidal and non-steroidal NRs were always detected in the influents and partially remained in the effluents. Further investigation of four WWTPs employing conventional activated sludge, pseudo-anoxic-oxic, anoxic-oxic and anaerobic-anoxic-oxic processes revealed that the ability to reduce the agonistic activity against each of the four NRs varies depending on the treatment process. These results indicated that municipal wastewater in Japan commonly contains endocrine disrupting chemicals that exert agonistic activities on steroidal and non-steroidal NRs, and that some of these chemicals are released into the natural aquatic environment. Although the results obtained in yeast assays suggested that measured levels of non-steroidal NR agonists in the effluent of WWTPs were not likely to cause any biological effect, further study is required to assess their possible risks in detail.

关键词： agonistic activity endocrine disrupting chemicals non-steroidal nuclear receptor wastewater treatment plants

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Application of yeast spores as β-glucan particles

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Particuology 2022年第12期71卷 34-40页

作者： Guoyu Liu Yan Yang Hiroyuki Tachikawa Xiao-Dong Gao Hideki nakanishi Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of EducationSchool of BiotechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China Department of Applied Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesUniversity of TokyoTokyo 113-8657Japan Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology University of TokyoTokyo 113-8657Japan

β-Glucan exhibits various beneficial biological activities including *** polysaccha-ride is present in the cell wall of microorganisms including the yeast Saccharomyces *** vegetative yeast cells are used as dietary supplements,β-glucan in the vegetative cell wall is covered with *** nutrient starvation,yeast cells differentiate into dormant cell spores.β-Glucan is also present in the spore wall,but spores have been poorly studied as application *** spore wall consists of four layers andβ-glucan forms the third layer from the ***,unlike vegeta-tive cells,theβ-glucan layer can be exposed to the cell surface in spores by genetic *** example,chs3Δmutant spores exhibit such a spore wall ***-1 is the primary receptor forβ-glucan in mammals and,its activation induces phagocytosis and proinflammatory cytokine *** found that chs3Δspores are phagocytosed in mammalian cells in a manner dependent on dectin-1 and induce higher levels of TNF-αand IL-6 than vegetative *** results demonstrate that chs3Δspores areβ-glucan particles with immunostimulatory ***,they would be attractive materials for application in the food industry.

关键词： Saccharomycescerevisiae Sporewall β-glucan Dectin-1 Immunostimulation

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Broadly tunable lens-coupled nonlinear quantum cascade lasers in the sub-THz to THz frequency range

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Photonics Research 2022年第3期10卷 703-710页

作者： Kazuue Fujita Shohei Hayashi Akio Ito Tatsuo Dougakiuchi Masahiro Hitaka Atsushi nakanishi Central Research Laboratory Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.5000 HirakuchiHamakita WardHamamatsu 434-8601Japan

Room-temperature terahertz(THz)quantum cascade laser sources with intracavity difference-frequency nonlinear mixing are electrically pumped monolithic semiconductor laser sources operating in the 0.6–6 THz spectral *** report widely tunable,low-frequency THz quantum cascade laser sources using a lens-coupled Cherenkov waveguide *** on a watt-class high-power,λ∼13.7μm quantum cascade laser,the monolithic THz source is strongly coupled with a high-resistivity silicon lens,which causes a major increase in the THz coupling efficiency and demonstrates significant performance improvements.A room-temperature 1.5 THz device produces a 0.2 mW peak output power with a high-quality beam *** THz outcoupling efficiency using the lens-coupled scheme enabled the demonstration of a high-performance external-cavity semiconductor THz source that is tunable from 420 GHz to 2 *** external-cavity,lens-coupled device configuration can technically be assembled into a butterfly-style package for a thumb-sized,widely frequency tunable THz semiconductor source.

关键词： tunable waveguide pumped

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Estimating effects from trapped magnetic fluxes in superconducting magnetic levitation measurement

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仪器仪表学报 2008年第3期29卷 449-452页

作者： Masakazu nakanishi Metrology Institute of Japan National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology 1-1-1 Umezono Tsukuba-shi Ibaraki 305-8563 Japan

Superconducting magnetic levitation measurement is one of the most promising approaches to define mass standard based on the fundamental physical constants. However, the present system has unknown factors causing error larger than 50 ppm. We examined the effects of magnetic fluxes trapped in the superconducting coil and the superconducting floating body. When fluxes were trapped in either coil or floating body, their effects were able to be cancelled by reversing polarities of current and magnetic field, as had been believed. However, fluxes trapped in both coil and body induced an attractive force between them and caused error. In order to reduce the fluxes, the coil and the floating body should be cooled in low magnetic field in magnetic and electromagnetic shields.

关键词：截留磁通量超导电磁飘浮测量基本物理常量

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Microglial cathepsin B as a key driver of inflammatory brain diseases and brain aging

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第1期15卷 25-29页

作者： Hiroshi nakanishi Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy Yasuda Women’s University

Interleukin-1βis a potent proinflammatory cytokine that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of the brain aging and diverse range of neurological diseases including Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,stroke and persistent *** microglia are the main cellular source of interleukin-1βin the *** B is associated with the production and secretion of interleukin-1βthrough pyrin domain-containing protein 3 inflammasome-independent processing of procaspase-3 in the *** leakage of cathepsin B from the endosomal-lysosomal system during aging is associated with the proteolytic degradation of mitochondrial transcription factor A,which can stabilize mitochondrial ***,microglial cathepsin B could function as a major driver for inflammatory brain diseases and brain *** active and blood-brain barrier-permeable specific inhibitors for cathepsin B can be potentially effective new pharmaceutical interventions against inflammatory brain diseases and brain aging.

关键词： brain aging caspase-1 cathepsin B inflammatory brain diseases interleukin-1β microglia mitochondrial transcription factor A neuroinflammation nuclear factor-κB oxidative stress

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