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Clinical Predictors for Reduced Long-Term Survival and Cause of Death after Curative Resection for Rectal Cancer

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2021年第1期12卷 31-46页

作者： Ola Røkke Thomas Heggelund Jūratė Šaltytė Benth Marianne Steffensen Røkke kjell Øvrebø Department of Digestive Surgery Akershus University Hospital Lorenskog Norway Institute of Clinical Medicine Campus Ahus University of Oslo Oslo Norway Health Services Research Unit Akershus University Hospital Lorenskog Norway Department of Head and Neck Surgery Akershus University Hospital Lorenskog Norway Department of Digestive Surgery Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway

Purpose: To identify clinical predictors for reduced long-term survival and describe the cause of death after surgical treatment for rectal cancer. Methods: A retrospective follow-up study of 442 consecutive, unselected patients treated for rectal cancer at a tertiary centre from 1990 until 2000 and followed for 17 years or until death. Predictors for death were assessed by Cox regression analysis. The cause of death was obtained from the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry. Results: 254 men and 188 women with a median age of 71 years (21 - 95 years) were resected for rectal cancer with low anterior resection (n = 266), abdominoperineal resection (n = 125), Hartmann’s procedure (n = 19) or diverting stoma only (n = 32). Median follow-up was 5 years (0 - 17 years). The relative five-year survival rates for stages I, II, III and IV was 83.9%, 65.2%, 41.1% and 9.3%, respectively. The proportion of deaths due to recurrence from colorectal cancer in stages I, II, III and IV was 23.5%, 55.8%, 72.3% and 98.0%, respectively. Heart, lung and cerebrovascular disease and other malignancies were the cause of death in the other patients. Higher age, abdominoperineal resection compared to low anterior resection, lack of lymph node dissection compared to total mesorectal excision (TME), postoperative reoperations, TNM stages II and III compared to stage I and residual tumours after surgery were all si

关键词： Rectal Cancer Predictors Survival Recurrence Reoperation Complication Cause of Death

Cause of Death and Clinical Predictors of Survival after Curative Resection for Colon Cancer

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2021年第4期12卷 157-173页

作者： Ola Røkke Thomas Heggelund Jūratė Šaltytė Benth Marianne S. Røkke kjell Øvrebø Department of Digestive Surgery Akershus University Hospital L&empty renskog Norway Institute of Clinical Medicine Campus Ahus University of Oslo Oslo Norway Health Services Research Unit Akershus University Hospital L&empty renskog Norway Department of Head and Neck Surgery Akershus University Hospital L&empty renskog Norway Department of Digestive Surgery Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway

Background: Clinical predictors of death and survival in surgical treatment of colon cancer are easily confounded by the modern adjuvant and neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. This study focuses on lethality and survival during implementation of ultra-radical surgery for colonic cancer prior to multimodal therapy. Methods: Retrospective observational follow-up study of 824 consecutive, unselected patients resected for Stage I, II, III and IV colon cancer from 1990 until 2000 at one tertiary centre, with a median follow-up of 45 months (0 - 202 months). Predictors for death were assessed by Cox regression analyses and log-rank test. The cause of death was obtained from the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry. Results: The relative survival rates were 86.3%, 71.9%, 50.3% and 6.6% in Stage I, II, III and IV, respectively. In 28.7% of the patients, the cause of death was other than colorectal cancer recurrence. The adjusted Cox regression model showed that higher age (1.04 (95% CI: 1.03;1.05)), male gender (1.37 (1.14;1.66)), emergency surgery (1.52 (1.21;1.93)), left vs. right hemicolectomy (1.39 (1.03;1.87)), and perioperative blood transfusion (1.25 (1.01;1.55)) were predictors of reduced survival. Health without known comorbidity (0.71 (0.58;0.88)), D2 versus D1 lymph node dissection (0.66 (0.53;0.83)) and tumour Stage I, II, III versus Stage IV 0.10 (0.06;0.16), 0.14 (0.11;0.19), 0.2

关键词： Colon Cancer Predictors for Survival Emergency Surgery Lymph Node Dis-section Blood Transfusion

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基于实测国际粗糙度指数的非高斯路谱建模

火炮发射与控制学报 2024年第4期45卷 7-12页

作者：徐飞宋浩 kjell Ahlin 王斌翊盐城工学院汽车工程学院江苏盐城224051 谢拉林咨询公司瑞典斯德哥尔摩18464 西北机电工程研究所陕西咸阳712099

功率谱密度被广泛用于表征路面不平度,进而用于评估路面振动环境下武器装备系统(如火炮、战车)的可靠性和疲劳寿命,其隐含的假设条件是路面不平度服从高斯分布。然而,实测路面不平度常常具有非高斯特性,导致武器装备系统更快地发生疲劳... 详细信息

功率谱密度被广泛用于表征路面不平度,进而用于评估路面振动环境下武器装备系统(如火炮、战车)的可靠性和疲劳寿命,其隐含的假设条件是路面不平度服从高斯分布。然而,实测路面不平度常常具有非高斯特性,导致武器装备系统更快地发生疲劳失效。为提高评估精度,提出一种基于实测国际粗糙度指数的非高斯路谱建模方法。首先由ISO标准功率谱密度生成高斯路谱,然后由实测国际粗糙度指数生成具有相同统计特性的幅值调制信号,最后利用幅值调制法生成非高斯路谱。案例分析表明,直接采用高斯模型描述路面不平度会导致欠试验;而利用提出的方法可得到与实测IRI相同的统计特性,可有效提高路谱激励下武器装备系统的可靠性和耐久性评估精度。

关键词：功率谱密度非高斯路谱国际粗糙度指数幅值调制法

Local generalized empirical estimation of regression

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Science China Mathematics 2004年第1期47卷 114-127页

作者： Doksum kjell Department of Statistics University of California at Berkeley CA 94720 USA

Letf(x) be the density of a design variableX andm(x) = E[Y∣X = x] the regression function. Thenm(x) = G(x)/f(x), whereG(x) = rn(x)f(x). The Dirac δ-function is used to define a generalized empirical functionG n(x) forG(x) whose expectation equalsG(x). This generalized empirical function exists only in the space of Schwartz distributions, so we introduce a local polynomial of orderp approximation toG n(.) which provides estimators of the functionG(x) and its derivatives. The densityf(x) can be estimated in a similar manner. The resulting local generalized empirical estimator (LGE ) ofm(x) is exactly the Nadaraya-Watson estimator at interior points whenp = 1, but on the boundary the estimator automatically corrects the boundary effect. Asymptotic normality of the estimator is established. Asymptotic expressions for the mean squared errors are obtained and used in bandwidth selection. Boundary behavior of the estimators is investigated in details. We use Monte Carlo simulations to show that the proposed estimator withp = 1 compares favorably with the Nadaraya-Watson and the popular local linear regression smoother.

关键词： boundary adaptive Dirac 5-function local polynomial local empirical Nadaraya-Watson estimator

Repositioning imatinib for spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第10期10卷 1591-1593页

作者： Jacob kjell Lars Olson Department of Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Department of Physiological Genomics Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München(LMU)

Efforts to pharmacologically restore central nervous system（CNS）function after injury has historically focused on promoting nerve growth with nerve growth factors such as nerve growth factor（NGF）,neurotrophin 3（... 详细信息

关键词： Repositioning imatinib for spinal cord injury BSCB BBB

Partial Volume Correction in SPECT Using Anatomical Information and Iterative FBP

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2010年第1期15卷 50-55页

作者： kjell Erlandsson Brian F Hutton The Institute of Nuclear Medicine University College LondonLondonNW12BUUnited Kingdom

The ability to correctly quantify activity concentration with single photon emission computed tomography （SPECT） is limited by its spatial resolution. Blurring of data between adjacent structures, which is known as partial volume effects, can be compensated for by utilizing high resolution structural information from other imaging modalities such as CT or MRI. Previously developed partial volume correction （PVC） methods normally assume a spatially invariant point spread function. In SPECT this is not a good approximation, since the resolution varies with the distance from the collimator. A new method, p-PVC, was developed in this paper, which takes into account the distance dependent blurring. The method operates in projection space and is combined with filtered back-projection （FBP） reconstruction. Results from simulations show that similar quantitative results could be obtained with p-PVC＋FBP as with OSEM with resolution recovery, although with better structural definition and an order of magnitude faster.

关键词： partial volume effect (PVE) partial volume correction (PVC) SPECT

The integrative role of G protein-coupled receptor heterocomplexes in Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第10期17卷 2211-2212页

作者： Dasiel O.Borroto-Escuela kjell Fuxe Department of Neuroscience Karolinska InstitutetBiomedicumStockholmSweden

Parkinson’s disease(PD)and its treatment had mainly been focused on the Nigro-striatal dopamine(DA)neurons as the major site of degeneration in this *** contributed to the search for drugs that restored DA transmission in this pathway and contributed to the introduction of L-DOPA and DA receptor agonists in its treatment(Borroto-Escuela and Fuxe,2019).

关键词： drugs treatment Parkinson receptor

Understanding Propagated Sensation along Meridians by Volume Transmission in Peripheral Tissue

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2013年第5期19卷 330-339页

作者：张维波赵晏 kjell Fuxe Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion China Academy of Chinese Medical Science School of Medicine Xi'an Jiaotong University Department of Neuroscience Karolinska InstitutetStockholm(17177)Sweden

Propagated sensation along meridians （PSM） is a phenomenon that a sensation moves along meridians during stimulation of an acupoint. PSM has an appearance rate of 1.3% among people and have characteristics of low speed, going toward afflicted sites and being blocked by physical pressure which is difficult to be explained by known neural and blood transmission. Volume transmission （VT） is a widespread mode of intercellular communication in the central nervous system that occurs in the extracellular fluid and in the cerebrospinal fluid. VT signals moves from source to target cells via energy gradients leading to diffusion and convection （flow） which is slow, long distance and much less space filling. VT channel diffuse forming a plexus in the extracellular space with two parameters of volume fraction and tortuosity. Some experiments showed an information transmission between adjacent and distant acupoints along meridians cross spinal segments. This process is a cross-excitation between peripheral nerve terminals which is related to nonsynaptic transmission. Some neurotransmitters or neuropeptides such as glutamate, adenosine triphosphate （ATP） and neuropeptide such as substance P, neurokinin A and calcitonin gene-related peptide relate with the cross-excitation which can be regards as VT signals. Comparing the characteristics of PSM and VT, many similar aspects can be found leading to an assumption that PSM is a process of VT in peripheral tissue along meridians. The reason why VT signals transmit along meridians is that the meridian is rich in interstitial fluid under the condition of low hydraulic resistance which has been proven experimentally. According to Darcy＇s law which descript the flow of interstitial fluid and conservation equation, interstitial fluid will move toward meridians and flow along meridians that restrict the VT signals within the channel and accelerate the flow according to Fick＇s diffusion law. During the process, a degranulation of histamine f

关键词： propagated sensation along meridians volume transmission, neurotransmitters and receptors interstitial fluid channel low hydraulic resistance

Volume transmission and receptor-receptor interactions in heteroreceptor complexes:understanding the role of new concepts for brain communication

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第8期11卷 1220-1223页

作者： kjell Fuxe Dasiel O.Borroto-Escuela Department of Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden Observatorio Cubano de Neurociencias Grupo Bohio-Estudio Yaguajay Cuba

The discovery of the central monoamine neurons not only demonstrated novel types of brain stem neurons forming global terminal networks all over the brain and the spinal cord,but also to a novel type of communication called volume *** is a major mode of communication in the central nervous system that takes places in the extracellular fluid and the cerebral spinal fluid through diffusion and flow of molecules,like neurotransmitters and extracellular *** integration of synaptic and volume transmission takes place through allosteric receptor-receptor interactions in heteroreceptor *** heterocomplexes represent major integrator centres in the plasma membrane and their protomers act as moonlighting proteins undergoing dynamic changes and their structure and *** fact,we propose that the molecular bases of learning and memory can be based on the reorganization of multiples homo and heteroreceptor complexes into novel assembles in the post-junctional membranes of synapses.

关键词： volume transmission receptor-receptor interaction heteroreceptor complexes oligomerization brain communication learning memory central monoamine neurons