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Organization of microtubule plus-end dynamics by phase separation in mitosis

Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2024年第2期16卷 24-35页

作者： Fengrui Yang Mingrui Ding Xiaoyu Song Fang Chen Tongtong Yang Chunyue Wang Chengcheng Hu Qing Hu Yihan Yao Shihao Du Phil YYao Peng Xia Gregory Adams jr Chuanhai Fu Shengqi Xiang Dan Liu Zhikai Wang Kai Yuan Xing Liu MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles&Cellular Dynamics Hefei National Research Center for Cross-disciplinary SciencesCenter for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHMDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science&Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and Chemical Biology University of Science&Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China Keck Center for Organoids Plasticity Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGA 30310USA Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China

In eukaryotes,microtubule polymers are essential for cellular plasticity and fate ***-binding(EB)proteins serve as scaffolds for orchestrating microtubule polymer dynamics and are essential for cellular dynamics and chromosome segregation in ***,we show that EB1 forms molecular condensates with TIP150 and MCAK through liquid–liquid phase separation to compartmentalize the kinetochore–microtubule plus-end machinery,ensuring accurate kinetochore–microtubule interactions during chromosome segregation in *** of EB1–TIP150 polymer formation by a competing peptide prevents phase separation of the EB1-mediated complex and chromosome alignment at the metaphase equator in both cultured cells and Drosophila ***220 of EB1 is dynamically acetylated by p300/CBP-associated factor in early mitosis,and persistent acetylation at Lys220 attenuates phase separation of the EB1-mediated complex,dissolves droplets in vitro,and harnesses accurate chromosome *** data suggest a novel framework for understanding the organization and regulation of eukaryotic spindle for accurate chromosome segregation in mitosis.

关键词： phase separation mitosis microtubule dynamics EB1 acetylation

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行善不为人知的亿万富豪

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空中英语教室（高级版．彭蒙惠英语） 2024年第6期 12-13,41页

作者： Bill Murphy,jr. 不详

时间是2009年,一群亿万富豪秘密聚集在纽约市家餐厅,其中包括:沃伦·巴菲特、比尔:盖茨、奥普拉·温弗瑞、迈克尔·布隆伯格、查克·菲尼。“且慢,”我猜很多人读到这里会说,“我知道前面那四位,但查克·菲尼是谁?”就算你不知道他是谁。

关键词：亿万富豪查克纽约市

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Localized-states quantum confinement induced by roughness in CdMnTe/CdTe heterostructures grown on Si(111) substrates

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Journal of Semiconductors 2024年第9期 34-42页

作者： Leonarde do Nascimento Rodrigues Wesley Fiorio lnoch Marcos L.F.Gomes Odilon D.D.Couto jr. Bráulio S.Archanjo Sukarno Olavo Ferreira Physics Department Federal University of Vi?osa Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin Universidade Estadual de Campinas National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology (Inmetro) Materials Metrology Division (DIMAT)

This work shows that despite a lattice mismatch of almost 20%, CdMnTe/CdTe/CdMnTe heterostructures grown directly on Si(111) have surprisingly good optical emission properties. The investigated structures were grown by molecular beam epitaxy and characterized by scanning transmission electron microscopy, macro-and micro-photoluminescence. Low temperature macro-photoluminescence experiments indicate three emission bands which depend on the CdTe layer thickness and have different confinement characteristics. Temperature measurements reveal that the lower energy emission band (at 1.48 eV)is associated to defects and bound exciton states, while the main emission at 1.61 eV has a weak 2D character and the higher energy one at 1.71 eV has a well-defined (zero-dimensional, 0D) 0D nature. Micro-photoluminescence measurements show the existence of sharp and strongly circularly polarized (up to 40%) emission lines which can be related to the presence of Mn in the heterostructure. This result opens the possibility of producing photon sources with the typical spin control of the diluted magnetic semiconductors using the low-cost silicon technology.

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Estimating the Drought-Induced Yield Loss for Winter Wheat in a Semi-Arid Region of the Southern United States Using a Drought Index

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 812-829页

作者： Prem Woli Qingwu Xue Gerald R. Smith Charles R. Long Francis M. Rouquette jr. Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center Overton Texas USA Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center Amarillo Texas USA

The economy of most rural locations in the semi-arid region of Llano Estacado in the southern United States is predominantly based on agriculture, primarily beef and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. This region is prone to drought and is projected to experience a drier climate. Droughts that coincide with the critical phenological phases of a crop can be remarkably costly. Although drought cannot be prevented, its losses can be minimized through mitigation measures if it is predicted in advance. Predicting yield loss from an imminent drought is an important need of stakeholders. One way to fulfill this need is using an agricultural drought index, such as the Agricultural Reference Index for Drought (ARID). Being plant physiology-based, ARID can represent drought-yield relationships accurately. This study developed an ARID-based yield model for predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat in this region by accounting for its phenological phase-specific sensitivity to water stress. The reasonable values of the drought sensitivity coefficients of the yield model indicated that it could reflect the phenomenon of water stress decreasing the winter wheat yields in this region reasonably. The values of the various metrics used to evaluate the model, including Willmott Index (0.86), Nash-Sutcliffe Index (0.61), and percentage error (26), indicated that the yield model performed fairly well at predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat. The yield model may be useful for predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat in the study region and scheduling irrigation allocation based on phenological phase-specific drought sensitivity.

关键词： ARID Drought Drought index Growth-stage Model Phenological-Phase Prediction Semi-Arid Wheat Yield

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Storylines of family medicine Ⅹ:standing up for diversity,equity and inclusion

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2024年第S3期12卷 89-98页

作者： William B Ventres Leslie A Stone Wayne W Bryant jr Mario F Pacheco Edgar Figueroa Francis N Chu Shailendra Prasad David N Blane Na'amah Razon Ranit Mishori Robert L Ferrer Garrett S Kneese Family and Preventive Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA Family and Community Medicine University of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA Medicine Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNew YorkUSA San Jose Family Medicine Residency Kaiser PermanenteSan JoseCaliforniaUSA Family Medicine and Community Health University of Minnesota Medical School—Twin Cities CampusMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA School of Health and Wellbeing University of GlasgowGlasgowUK Family and Community Medicine University of CaliforniaDavisSacramentoCaliforniaUSA Family Medicine Georgetown University School of MedicineWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA Family and Community Medicine UT Health San Antonio Long School of MedicineSan AntonioTexasUSA UC San Diego Family Medicine Residency Program San DiegoCaliforniaUSA

Storylines of Family Medicine is a 12-part series of thematically linked mini-essays with accompanying illustrations that explore the many dimensions of family medicine as interpreted by individual family physicians and medical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the ***‘Ⅹ:standing up for diversity,equity and inclusion’,authors address the following themes:‘The power of diversity—why inclusivity is essential to equity in healthcare’,‘Medical education for whom?’,‘Growing a diverse and inclusive workforce’,‘Therapeutic judo—an inclusive approach to patient care’,‘Global family medicine—seeing the world“upside down”’,‘The inverse care law‘,‘Social determinants of health as a lens for care’,‘Why family physicians should care about human rights’and‘Toward health equity—the opportunome’.May the essays that follow inspire readers to promote change.

关键词： illustration education family

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Machine Learning Empowered Security and Privacy Architecture for IoT Networks with the Integration of Blockchain

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2024年第2期39卷 353-379页

作者： Sohaib Latif M.Saad Bin Ilyas Azhar Imran Hamad Ali Abosaq Abdulaziz Alzubaidi Vincent Karovic jr. Department of Computer Science The University of ChenabGujrat50700Pakistan Department of Creative Technologies Air UniversityIslamabad42000Pakistan Computer Science Department College of Computer Science and Information SystemsNajran UniversityNajran66244Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Umm Alqura UniversityAlQunfudah28821Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems Faculty of ManagementComenius University in BratislavaBratislava82005Slovakia

The Internet of Things(IoT)is growing rapidly and impacting almost every aspect of our lives,fromwearables and healthcare to security,traffic management,and fleet management *** has generated massive volumes of data and security,and data privacy risks are increasing with the advancement of technology and network *** access control solutions are inadequate for establishing access control in IoT systems to provide data protection owing to their vulnerability to single-point OF ***,conventional privacy preservation methods have high latency costs and overhead for resource-constrained *** machine learning approaches were also unable to detect denial-of-service(DoS)*** study introduced a novel decentralized and secure framework for blockchain *** avoid single-point OF failure,an accredited access control scheme is incorporated,combining blockchain with local peers to record each transaction and verify the signature to ***-based attribute-based cryptography is implemented to protect data storage privacy by generating threshold parameters,managing keys,and revoking users on the *** innovative contract-based DOS attack mitigation method is also incorporated to effectively validate devices with intelligent contracts as trusted or untrusted,preventing the server from becoming *** proposed framework effectively controls access,safeguards data privacy,and reduces the risk of *** results depict that the suggested framework outperforms the results in terms of accuracy,precision,sensitivity,recall,and F-measure at 96.9%,98.43%,98.8%,98.43%,and 98.4%,respectively.

关键词： Machine learning internet of things blockchain data privacy security Industry 4.0

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Molecular Docking Studies on Streptomycin Antileishmanial Activity

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Open Journal of Physical Chemistry 2024年第2期14卷 36-48页

作者： Todd A. Young Matthew George jr. Ayele Gugssa William M. Southerland Yayin Fang Clarence M. Lee Department of Biology Howard University Washington DC United States Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Howard University Washington DC United States

Resistance to pentavalent antimonial drugs and the lack of vaccines make it urgent to find novel therapeutic options to treat Leishmaniasis, a tropical disease caused by the Leishmania protozoan parasite. The study reported here is to investigate if Streptomycin, an aminoglycoside, and Amphotericin B, the second-line treatment drug, exhibit antileishmanial activity through a similar mechanism. By using MOE (Molecular Operating Environment), we performed molecular docking studies on these drugs binding to a range of targets including ribosome targets in Leishmania and H. sapiens. Our study shows that the two drugs do not bind to the same pockets in Leishmania targets but to the same pockets in the human ribosome, with some differences in interactions. Moreover, our 2D maps indicated that Amphotericin B binds to the A-site in the human cytoplasmic ribosome, whereas streptomycin does not.

关键词： Leishmaniasis Streptomycin Amphotericin B Molecular Docking Aminoglycosides Antileishmanial

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Development,validation,and transportability of several machine-learned,non-exercise-based VO_(2max)prediction models for older adults

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第5期13卷 611-620页

作者： Benjamin T.Schumacher Michael J.LaMonte Andrea Z.LaCroix Eleanor M.Simonsick Steven P.Hooker Humberto Parada jr. John Bellettiere Arun Kumar Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health School of Public Health and Health ProfessionsUniversity at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNY 14214USA Translational Gerontology Branch Intramural Research ProgramNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMD 21225USA College of Health and Human Services San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCA 92182USA Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCA 92182USA University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center La JollaCA 92093USA Computer Science and Engineering and Halicioglu Data Science Institute University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA

Background:There exist few maximal oxygen uptake(VO_(2max))non-exercise-based prediction equations,fewer using machine learning(ML),and none specifically for older *** direct measurement of VO_(2max)is infeasible in large epidemiologic cohort studies,we sought to develop,validate,compare,and assess the transportability of several ML VO_(2max)prediction ***:The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging(BLSA)participants with valid VO2_(max)tests were included(n=1080).Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,linear-and tree-boosted extreme gradient boosting,random forest,and support vector machine(SVM)algorithms were trained to predict VO_(2max)*** developed these algorithms for:(a)the overall BLSA,(b)by sex,(c)using all BLSA variables,and(d)variables common in aging ***,we quantified the associations between measured and predicted VO_(2max)and ***:The age was 69.0±10.4 years(mean±SD)and the measured VO_(2max)was 21.6±5.9 mL/kg/*** absolute shrinkage and selection operator,linear-and tree-boosted extreme gradient boosting,random forest,and support vector machine yielded root mean squared errors of 3.4 mL/kg/min,3.6 mL/kg/min,3.4 mL/kg/min,3.6 mL/kg/min,and 3.5 mL/kg/min,*** quartiles of measured VO_(2max)showed an inverse gradient in mortality *** VO_(2max)variables yielded similar effect estimates but were not robust to ***:Measured VO_(2max)is a strong predictor of *** ML can improve the accuracy of prediction as compared to simpler approaches but estimates of association with mortality remain sensitive to *** studies should seek to reproduce these results so that VO_(2max),an important vital sign,can be more broadly studied as a modifiable target for promoting functional resiliency and healthy aging.

关键词： Cardiorespiratory fitness Prediction algorithms Epidemiology Mortality

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为何不该私藏得力干将

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商业评论 2024年第10期 89-95页

作者： jr·凯勒凯瑟琳·德卢戈斯陈媛熙康奈尔大学工业与劳资关系学院宾夕法尼亚州立大学

你的团队中有一位超级明星.他永远不会错过任务截止期,总是能打动客户.他擅长搞定各种麻烦,可以为同事提供支持,还乐于辅导团队中的初级成员.你简直无法想象你的工作中少了他会怎样.然而有一天,他告诉你,他准备谋求更大发展,希望在公司...

你的团队中有一位超级明星.他永远不会错过任务截止期,总是能打动客户.他擅长搞定各种麻烦,可以为同事提供支持,还乐于辅导团队中的初级成员.你简直无法想象你的工作中少了他会怎样.然而有一天,他告诉你,他准备谋求更大发展,希望在公司中寻找新的机会.此时,你会把失望深埋在心里,感谢他为你所做的一切,然后立即帮他规划下一步行动,还是让私心来支配你的行为,暗示他尚未准备好承担更重要的工作,让他等到六个月之后再说也不迟?

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机器人加速入侵肉类加工业

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商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第7期 10-12页

作者： Gerson Freitas jr. Isis Almeida 永年(译) 不详

机器学习和人工智能意味着精通高精度工作的不再只有人类了。在美国大平原上,遥控机器人在为农业巨头嘉吉公司(Cargill)放牛。在美国各地的肉类加工厂里,机器人在准备货物、堆放托盘。在家禽业巨头韦恩-桑德森农场(Wayne-Sanderson Farm... 详细信息

机器学习和人工智能意味着精通高精度工作的不再只有人类了。在美国大平原上,遥控机器人在为农业巨头嘉吉公司(Cargill)放牛。在美国各地的肉类加工厂里,机器人在准备货物、堆放托盘。在家禽业巨头韦恩-桑德森农场(Wayne-Sanderson Farms),一套机器设备在雏鸡出生时给它们接种疫苗,几周后则有另套机器将它们开肠破肚,取出内脏。乍一看,在这个世界上劳动密集程度最高的行业之一,美国肉类加工商似乎已经成功地从人工转向了机器。

关键词：肉类加工业肉类加工厂遥控机器人机器设备机器学习劳动密集家禽业人工智能

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