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Chinese Neurosurgical Journal 2021年第2期7卷 131-136页

作者： Hui Ma Lian Xu Cui Ping kuen Lam Cindy S.W.Tong kin k.y.lo George k.C.Wong Wai Sang Poon Division of Neurosurgery Chow Tai Fook-Cheng Yu Tung Surgical Stem Cell Research CenterDepartment of SurgeryThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong KongSARChina Division of Neurosurgery Department of SurgeryFo Shan First People’s HospitalFoshanGuangdongChina

Background:Our previous studies showed that topical application of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)improved functional recovery in rat traumatic brain injury(TBI)model,and hypoxic precondition further enhanced the therapeutic effects of *** was no previous study on the attenuation of cerebral edema by *** investigated whether topical application of normoxic and hypoxic MSCs could reduce cerebral edema in an experimental TBI ***:Two million normoxic(N=24)and hypoxic(N=24)MSCs were applied topically to exposed the cerebral cortex in a controlled cortical impact(CCI)*** MSCs were fixed in position with fibrin *** treatment was given to control animals(TBI only:n=24).After surgery,four animals in each group were sacrificed daily(day 1 to day 6)for edema *** animals without TBI were used as reference(n=4).The expressions of GFAP,AQP4,and MMP9 were also investigated by immunofluorescence staining and RT-PCR at day ***:The edema peaked within 3 days after *** with the control,hypoxic MSCs reduced brain water content significantly(pypoxic and normoxic MSCs downregulated the expression of MMP9 and normalized AQP4 distribution to astrocyte end ***:Our preliminary study showed that topical application of hypoxic MSCs suppressed both vasogenic and cytotoxic edema formation.

关键词： Topical MSCs Cerebral edema TBI

Ferroelectricity coexisted with p-orbital ferromagnetism and metallicity in two-dimensional metal oxynitrides

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 581-587页

作者： Haoqiang Ai Feifei Li Haoyun Bai Dong Liu kin Ho lo Shengyuan Ayang yoshiyuki kawazoe Hui Pan Department of Electromechanical Engineering Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Macao999078TaipaMacao SARP.R.China Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering University of Macao999078TaipaMacao SARP.R.China Research Laboratory for Quantum Materials Singapore University of Technology and DesignSingapore487372Singapore Center for Quantum Transport and Thermal Energy Science School of Physics and TechnologyNanjing Normal University210023NanjingP.R.China New Industry Creation Hatchery Center Tohoku UniversitySendai980-8579Japan Department of Physics and Nanotechnology SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyKattankulathur603203Tamil NaduIndia School of Physics Suranaree University of Technology111 University Avenue MuangNakhon Ratchasima30000Thailand Department of Physics and Chemistry Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Macao999078TaipaMacao SARP.R.China

Two-dimensional (2D) multiferroics have attracted increasing interests in basic science and technological fields in recent ***,most reported 2D magnetic ferroelectrics are based on the d-electron magnetism,which makes them rather rare due to the empirical d^(0) rule and limits their applications for low magnetic phase transition *** this work,we demonstrate that the ferroelectricity can coexist with the p-electron-induced ferromagnetism without the limitation of d^(0) rule and metallicity in a family of stable 2D MXene-analogous oxynitrides,X_(2)NO_(2) (X = In,Tl).Remarkably,the itinerant character of p electrons can lead to the strong ferromagnetic metallic ***,a possible magnetoelectric effect is manifested in a Tl_(2)NO_(2)/WTe_(2) heterostructure through the interface *** findings provide an alternative possible route toward 2D multiferroics and enrich the concept of ferroelectric metals.

关键词： metallic ferroelectric dimensional

Resection of T4 hepatocellular carcinomas with adjacent structures, is it justified？

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2017年第1期16卷 52-57页

作者： kenneth SH Chok ka kin Ng Tan To Cheung Albert Cy Chan See Ching Chan Chung Mau lo Department of Surgery The University of Hong Kong

BACkGROUND： T4 hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） with invasion to adjacent structure（s） may require resection of not only the tumor but also the invaded structure（s）. This study aims to assess whether such combined resection for T4 HCC is justifiable. METHODS： Adult patients with T4 HCC were divided into three groups. Group 1： tumors and invaded adjacent structures were resected together if histopathologically confirmed tumor invasion; group 2： same as group 1 but histopathologically confirmed tumor adhesion; group 3： tumor resection only. Group comparisons were made. RESULTS： Totally 144 patients were included in the study. There were 71, 14 and 59 patients in groups 1, 2 and 3, respec- tively. The groups were comparable in demographics, compli- cation and survival. Ten hospital deaths occurred （5, 0 and 5 in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively; P=0.533）. The 5-year overall survival （hospital mortality excluded） was 17.8% in group 1, 14.3% in group 2, and 28.9% in group 3 （P=0.191）. The 5-year disease-free survival was 10.4% in group 1 and 14.5% in group 3 （no data for group 2 yet）（P=0.565）. On multivariate analysis, macrovascular invasion and poor differentiation were risk factors for survival whereas combined resection did not impact patients＇ survival. CONCLUSIONS： Combined resection achieved survival outcomes similar to tumor resection only. Patients with tumor invasion and those with tumor adhesion had comparable survival after combined resection. At centers with the required expertise, combined resection should be attempted to treat T4 HCCs with clinically suspected invasion of adjacent structures.

关键词： desmosplastic reaction en-bloc resection hepatocellular carcinoma invasion recurrence

Neurovascular unit in diabetic retinopathy:pathophysiological roles and potential therapeutical targets

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Eye and Vision 2021年第3期8卷 135-153页

作者： Shen Nian Amy C.y.lo yajing Mi kai Ren Di yang Department of Pathology Xi’an Medical UniversityXi’anShaanxi ProvinceChina Department of Ophthalmology LKS Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong Institute of Basic Medicine Science Xi’an Medical UniversityXi’anShaanxi ProvinceChina Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Xi’an Medical UniversityXi’anShaanxi ProvinceChina Department of Ophthalmology First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming Medical UniversityKunmingYunnan ProvinceChina

Diabetic retinopathy(DR),one of the common complications of diabetes,is the leading cause of visual loss in working-age individuals in many industrialized *** has been traditionally regarded as a purely microvascular disease in the ***,an increasing number of studies have shown that DR is a complex neurovascular disorder that affects not only vascular structure but also neural tissue of the *** of neural retina could precede microvascular abnormalities in the DR,leading to microvascular ***,disruption of interactions among neurons,vascular cells,glia and local immune cells,which collectively form the neurovascular unit,is considered to be associated with the progression of DR early on in the ***,it makes sense to develop new therapeutic strategies to prevent or reverse retinal neurodegeneration,neuroinflammation and impaired cell-cell interactions of the neurovascular unit in early stage ***,we present current perspectives on the pathophysiology of DR as a neurovascular disease,especially at the early *** novel treatments for preventing or reversing neurovascular injuries in DR are discussed as well.

关键词： Diabetic retinopathy Neurovascular unit Neurodegeneration Gliosis Inflammation treatment

Effect of terrain and building structures on the airflow in an airport

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2012年第6期13卷 461-468页

作者： Dennis y. C. LEUNG W. y. lo W. y. CHOW P. W. CHAN Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Hong kong Observatory Hong Kong China

The aim of this study was to perform computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations on the airflows at the Hong kong International Airport (HkIA). In particular, the effects of hangar buildings and terrain were studied to explore the effects of turbulence on flying aircraft, especially during landing. The CFD simulation showed that significant differences in wind speeds may occur between the north and the south runways on the western part of the HkIA under typhoon conditions with a strong north to northwesterly wind. Simulation also showed that the hanger buildings between the two runways on the western side and the nearby terrain could be causing the observed difference in the wind speeds. The results also indicated that these obstacles could cause significant wind speed variations at the western end of the south runway. This may affect the operation of landing aircraft. The CFD results for a typical typhoon case were analyzed and found to match the wind data recorded by an aircraft landing that day.

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) Hong kong International Airport (HkIA) low-level wind effect Hangars Terrain

The bending of light ray and unphysical solutions in general relativity

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Chinese Physics B 2004年第2期13卷 159-167页

作者： C.y.lo AppliedandPureResearchInstitute 17NewcastleDriveNashuaNH03060USA

In general relativity, according to Einstein, a gauge is related to the time dilation and the space contractions,and thus a physically realizable gauge should be unique for a given frame of reference. Since more than one metric solution for the same frame can produce the same deflection angle, this means that an invalid space-time metric can produce the correct deflection angle for a light ray. To demonstrate this with an unambiguous example, we consider a new extreme case that there is no space contraction in the radius direction while the conditions of asymptotic flatness and the requirement for gravitational red shifts are satisfied. This solution has a distinct characteristic of 'space expansion' in the other directions. Nevertheless, it turns out that, in spite of requiring far more subtle calculations, the resulting deflection angle of a light ray is the same. An interesting property of this new solution is that its event horizon corresponds to an arbitrary integral constant. Thus, this calculation demonstrates beyond doubt that an unphysical solution can produce the correct first-order approximation of light bending. This makes it clear that there is a main difference between local effects such as the gravitational red shifts and the local light speeds, which are not gauge invariant, and integrated effects such as the bending of light, which can be (restricted) gauge invariant.

关键词： Einstein's equivalence principle Euclidean-like structure bending of light black hole space expansion

Initial experience with stereotactic body radiotherapy for intrahepatic hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2020年第13期8卷 2758-2768页

作者： kin Pan Au Chi Leung Chiang Albert Chi yan Chan Tan To Cheung Chung Mau lo kenneth Siu Ho Chok Department of Surgery Queen Mary HospitalThe University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Department of Clinical Oncology Queen Mary Hospitalthe University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China

BACkGROUND Graft hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)recurrence after liver transplant is more frequently *** hepatectomy is technically challenging and is associated with high *** body radiation therapy(SBRT)has been shown to be safe and effective for the treatment of primary ***,its role in HCC recurrence in a liver graft remains *** To evaluate the safety and efficacy of SBRT for the treatment of graft HCC recurrence after liver *** A retrospective study was *** 2012 to 2018,6 patients with intrahepatic HCC recurrence after liver transplant were treated with SBRT at Queen Mary Hospital,the University of Hong *** primary outcome was time to overall disease progression and secondary outcomes were time to local progression and best local response,as assessed with the Modified response Evaluation Criteria for Solid Tumours *** were monitored for treatment related toxicities and graft *** A total of 9 treatment courses were given for 13 *** median tumour size was 2.3 cm(range 0.7-3.6 cm).Two(22%)patients had inferior vena cava tumour *** best local treatment response was:5(55%)complete response,1(11%)partial response and 3(33%)stable *** a median follow up duration of 15.5 mo,no local progression or mortality was yet *** median time to overall disease progression was 6.5 *** were 6 regional progression in the liver graft(67%)and 2 distant progression in the lung(22%).There was no grade 3 or above toxicity and there was no graft dysfunction after *** SBRT appears to be safe in this *** progression is the mode of failure.

关键词： Stereotactic body radiotherapy Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver transplantation Recurrence Radiosurgery Outcomes

Review of Feynman’s Path Integral in Quantum Statistics:from the Molecular Schrödinger Equation to kleinert’s Variational Perturbation Theory

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Communications in Computational Physics 2014年第4期15卷 853-894页

作者： kin-yiu Wong Department of Physics High Performance Cluster Computing CentreInstitute of Computational and Theoretical StudiesHong Kong Baptist University224 Waterloo RoadKowloon TongHong Kong Institute of Research and Continuing Education Hong Kong Baptist University(Shenzhen)

Feynman’s path integral reformulates the quantum Schrödinger differential equation to be an integral *** has been being widely used to compute internuclear quantum-statistical effects on many-body molecular *** this Review,the molecular Schrödinger equation will first be introduced,together with the BornOppenheimer approximation that decouples electronic and internuclear *** effective semiclassical potentials,e.g.,centroid potential,which are all formulated in terms of Feynman’s path integral,will be discussed and *** semiclassical potentials can be used to directly calculate the quantum canonical partition function without individual Schrödinger’s energy *** a result,path integrations are conventionally performed with Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics sampling *** complement these techniques,we will examine how kleinert’s variational perturbation(kP)theory can provide a complete theoretical foundation for developing non-sampling/non-stochastic methods to systematically calculate centroid *** enable the powerful kP theory to be practical for many-body molecular systems,we have proposed a new path-integral method:automated integrationfree path-integral(AIF-PI)*** to the integration-free and computationally inexpensive characteristics of our AIF-PI method,we have used it to perform ab initio path-integral calculations of kinetic isotope effects on proton-transfer and RNA-related phosphoryl-transfer chemical *** computational procedure of using our AIF-PI method,along with the features of our new centroid path-integral theory at the minimum of the absolute-zero energy(AMAZE),are also highlighted in this review.

关键词： Feynman’s path integral kleinert’s variational perturbation theory Schrödinger’s equation quantum statistics centroid potential energy quantum tunneling zero-point energy isotope effects

Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS)—pushing the envelope in modulation of future liver remnant before major hepatectomy

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2020年第1期9卷 80-82页

作者： Albert C.y.Chan Chung Mau lo Department of Surgery Queen Mary HospitalThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Surgery The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen 518053China

Insufficient future liver remnant (FLR) is an important factor that precludes patient from upfront major liver resection as it predisposes to post-hepatectomy liver failure and mortality. As such, augmentation of FLR by portal vein embolization (PVE) was the conventional approach to improve the safety profile of major hepatectomy. In recent years, associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) has been popularized as an alternative approach for FLR augmentation (1,2). However, the initial inception of the ALPPS procedure was met by criticism for its high incidence of procedure-related morbidity, such as bile leakage and sepsis (3). In light of this issue, an international registry was set up for collection of cases and experience around the world and soon after that, the first International Expert Meeting was held in Hamburg in 2015 that led to the publication of eight recommendations on terminology of the procedures, indications and techniques for ALPPS (4). Two years later, a pre-congress meeting was held during the EHPBA (European Hepatopancreatobiliary Association) 12th Annual Congress in Mainz, Germany to celebrate the 10th Anniversary of ALPPS (5) since the first case was performed by Prof. Hans Schlitt a decade ago (1). During this meeting, ten different aspects on ALPPS were covered including surgical anatomy, underlying mechanisms, perioperative assessment of liver function, technical approach, indications and its effectiveness in comparison to two-stage hepatectomy.

关键词： hepatectomy ALPPS anatomy

Spray freeze drying of small nucleic acids as inhaled powder for pulmonary delivery

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2018年第2期13卷 163-172页

作者： Wanling Liang Alan y.L.Chan Michael y.T.Chow Fiona F.k.lo yingshan Qiu Philip C.L.kwok Jenny k.W.Lam Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Advanced Drug Delivery Group Faculty of Pharmacy The University of Sydney

The therapeutic potential of small nucleic acids such as small interfering RNA(siRNA) to treat lung diseases has been successfully demonstrated in many in vivo studies. A major barrier to their clinical application is the lack of a safe and efficient inhaled *** this study, spray freeze drying was employed to prepare dry powder of small nucleic *** and herring sperm DNA were used as bulking agent and model of small nucleic acid therapeutics, respectively. Formulations containing different solute concentration and DNA concentration were produced. The scanning electron microscope(SEM) images showed that the porosity of the particles increased as the solute concentration decreased. Powders prepared with solute concentration of 5% w/v were found to maintain a balance between porosity and robustness. Increasing concentration of DNA improved the aerosol performance of the formulation. The dry powder formulation containing 2% w/w DNA had a median diameter of 12.5 μm, and the aerosol performance study using next generation impactor(NGI) showed an emitted fraction(EF) and fine particle fraction(FPF) of 91% and 28% respectively. This formulation(5% w/v solute concentration and 2% w/w nucleic acid) was adopted subsequently to produce siRNA powder. The gel retardation and liquid chromatography assays showed that the siRNA remained intact after spray freeze drying even in the absence of delivery vector. The siRNA powder formulation exhibited a high EF of 92.4%and a modest FPF of around 20%. Further exploration of this technology to optimise inhaled siRNA powder formulation is warranted.

关键词： Inhalation Pulmonary delivery Small interfering RNA Spray freeze drying