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Behavioural and energetic consequences of competition among three overwintering swan(Cygnus spp.)species

Avian Research 2021年第4期12卷 707-721页

作者： kevin A.Wood Julia L.newth Geoff M.Hilton Eileen C.Rees Wildfowl&Wetlands Trust SlimbridgeGloucestershire GL27BTUnited Kingdom Centre for Ecology and Conservation/Environment and Sustainabil-ity Institute College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeter TR109EZUnited Kingdom Department of Zoology University of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridge CB23EJUnited Kingdom

Background:Winter numbers of the northwest European population of Bewick's Swans(Cygnus columbianus bewickii)declined recently by c.40%.During the same period,numbers of two sympatric and ecologically-similar congeners,the Mute Swan(Cygnus olor)and Whooper Swan(Cygnus cygnus)showed increases or *** has been suggested that these opposing population trends could have a causal relationship,as Mute and Whooper Swans are larger and competitively dominant to Bewick's Swans in foraging *** so,effects of competition of Mute and Whooper Swans on Bewick's Swans should be detectable as measurable impacts on behaviour and ***:Here,we studied the diurnal behaviour and energetics of 1083 focal adults and first-winter juveniles("cygnets")of the three swan species on their winter grounds in eastern *** analysed video recordings to derive time-activity budgets and these,together with estimates of energy gain and expenditure,were analysed to determine whether individual Bewick's Swans altered the time spent on key behaviours when sharing feeding habitat with other swan species,and any consequences for their energy expenditure and net energy ***:All three swan species spent a small proportion of their total time(0.011)on aggressive interactions,and these were predominantly intraspecific(≥0.714).Mixed-effects models indicated that sharing feeding habitat with higher densities of Mute and Whooper Swans increased the likelihood of engaging in aggression for cygnet Bewick's Swans,but not for *** levels of interspecific competition decreased the time spent by Bewick's Swan cygnets on foraging,whilst adults showed the opposite *** among low densities of conspecifics(ndividuals/km^(2)),individual Bewick's Swans spent more time on vigilance in the presence of higher densities of Mute and Whooper Swans,whilst individuals within higher density Bewick's Swan flocks showed the opposite ***,we found no evide

关键词： Avian behaviour Energy expenditure Ethology Interference competition Interspecific interactions Time activity budgets Video observations

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Surgical outcomes and quality of life following exercise-based prehabilitation for hepato-pancreatico-biliary surgery:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2022年第3期21卷 207-217页

作者： Andy Deprato kevin Verhoeff Kieran Purich Janice Y Kung David L Bigam Khaled Z Dajani University of Alberta 116 St&85 AveEdmontonAlberta T6G 2R3Canada Department of Surgery University of Alberta Hospital8440112 Street NWEdmontonAlberta T6G 2B7Canada John W.Scott Health Sciences Library University of Alberta Hospital8440112 Street NWEdmontonAlberta T6G 2B7Canada Department of Surgery Division of General SurgeryHPB Transplant and OncologyUniversity of Alberta Hospital8440112 Street NWEdmontonAlberta T6G 2B7Canada

Background:Hepato-pancreatico-biliary(HPB)patients experience significant risk of preoperative *** assessing preventative prehabilitation in HPB populations are *** systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates outcomes for HPB patients treated with exercise *** sources:A comprehensive search of MEDLInE(via Ovid),Embase(Ovid),Scopus,Web of Science Core Collection,Cochrane Library(Wiley),Pro Quest Dissertations,Theses Global,and Google Scholar was conducted with review and extraction following PRISMA *** studies evaluated more than 5 adult HPB patients undergoing≥7-day exercise *** primary outcome was postoperative length of stay(LOS);secondary outcomes included complications,mortality,physical performance,and quality of ***:We evaluated 1778 titles and abstracts and selected 6(randomized controlled trial,n=3;prospective cohort,n=1;retrospective cohort,n=2)that included 957 *** those,536 patients(56.0%)underwent exercise prehabilitation and 421(44.0%)received standard *** in both groups were similar with regards to important demographic *** was associated with a 5.20-day LOS reduction(P=0.03);when outliers were removed,LOS reduction decreased to 1.85 days and was non-statistically significant(P=0.34).Postoperative complications(OR=0.70;95%CI:0.39 to 1.26;P=0.23),major complications(OR=0.83;95%CI:0.60 to 1.14;P=0.24),and mortality(OR=0.67;95%CI:0.17 to 2.70;P=0.57)were *** was associated with improved strength,cardiopulmonary function,quality of life,and alleviated ***:Exercise prehabilitation may reduce LOS and morbidity following HPB *** with well-defined exercise regimens are needed to optimize exercise prehabilitation outcomes.

关键词： Exercise-based prehabilitation Preoperative exercise Hepatobiliary Pancreaticoduodenectomy Hepatic resection Pancreatectomy

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Resistive Switching Memory of TiO2 nanowire networks Grown on Ti Foil by a Single Hydrothermal Method

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nano-Micro Letters 2017年第2期9卷 23-31页

作者： Ming Xiao kevin P.Musselman Walter W.Duley norman Y.Zhou Centre for Advanced Materials Joining University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada Waterloo Institute of nanotechnology University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada Department of Mechanics and Mechatronics Engineering University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada

The resistive switching characteristics of TiO_2 nanowire networks directly grown on Ti foil by a single-step hydrothermal technique are discussed in this paper. The Ti foil serves as the supply of Ti atoms for growth of the TiO_2 nanowires, making the preparation straightforward. It also acts as a bottom electrode for the device. A top Al electrode was fabricated by e-beam evaporation process. The Al/TiO_2 nanowire networks/Ti device fabricated in this way displayed a highly repeatable and electroforming-free bipolar resistive behavior with retention for more than 10~4 s and an OFF/On ratio of approximately 70. The switching mechanism of this Al/TiO_2 nanowire networks/Ti device is suggested to arise from the migration of oxygen vacancies under applied electric field. This provides a facile way to obtain metal oxide nanowire-based Re RAM device in the future.

关键词： TiO2 nanowire networks Resistive switching memory Ti foil Hydrothermal process Al electrode

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Bambusicolous fungi

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Fungal Diversity 2017年第1期82卷 1-105页

作者： Dong Qin Dai Rungtiwa Phookamsak nalin n.Wijayawardene Wen Jing Li D.Jayarama Bhat Jian Chu Xu Joanne E.Taylor kevin D.Hyde E.Chukeatirote Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201People’s Republic of China Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization College of Biological Resource and Food EngineeringQujing Normal UniversityQujingYunnan 655011People’s Republic of China World Agroforestry Centre East and Central AsiaHeilongtanKunming 650201People’s Republic of China School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Centre of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Department of Botany Goa UniversityGoaIndia no.128/1-J Azad Housing SocietyCurcaP.O.Goa Velha 403108India Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 20A Inverleith RowEdinburgh EH35LRUK

Fourty-three species of microfungi from bamboo are treated,including one new family,Occultibambusaceae,three new genera,neoanthostomella,Occultibambusa and Seriascoma,27 new species,one renamed species and 15 redescribed or re-illustrated species,and four designated reference specimens are treated in this paper,the majority of which are saprobic on dead *** determine species identification,separate phylogenetical analyses for each group are carried out,based on molecular data from this study and sequences downloaded from *** similar species and phylogenetically close taxa are compared and *** addition a list of bambusicolous fungi published since Hyde and colleagues in 2002 is provided.

关键词： Dothideomycetes Sordariomycetes Botryosphaeriales Chaetosphaeriales Hypocreales Myriangiales Pleosporales Sordariales Togniniales Tubeufiales Valsariales Xylariales Apiosporaceae Bambusicolaceae Botryosphaeriaceae Diatrypaceae Lasiosphaeriaceae Myriangiaceae nectriaceae Roussoellaceae Stachybotryaceae Togniniaceae Tubeufiaceae Valsariaceae Xylariaceae

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nerve growth factor signaling following unilateral pelvic ;anglionectomy in the rat ventral prostate is age dependent

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2013年第6期15卷 764-769,I0007页

作者： Carol A Podlasek Rudrani Ghosh Omer Onur Cakir Christopher Bond kevin E McKenna kevin T McVary Department of Urology Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL60611 USA Department of Physiology Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL 60611 USA Division of Urology Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Springfield IL 62794 USA

Benign prostatic hyperplasia （BPH） is a serious health concern and is an underlying cause of lower urinary tract symptoms （LUTS） in many men. In affected men, LUTS/BPH is believed to result from benign proliferation of the prostate resulting in bladder outlet obstruction. Postnatal growth of the prostate is controlled via growth factor and endocrine mechanisms. However, little attention had been given to the function of the autonomic nervous system in prostate growth and differentiation. nerve growth factor （nGF） is a prostatic mitogen that has a trophic role in autonomic sensory end organ interaction. In this study, we examine how the autonomic nervous system influences prostate growth as a function of age by quantifying nGF in the rat ventral prostate （VP） after pelvic ganglionectomy. Unilateral pelvic ganglionectomy was performed on postnatal days 30 （P30）, 60 and 120 Sprague-Dawley rats in comparison to sham controls （n=39）. Semiquantitative RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis for nGF were performed on denervated, intact （contralateral side） and sham control VP 7 days after surgery. ngf RnA expression was significantly increased in the denervated and intact hyperplastic VP. Western blotting showed age-dependent increases in nGF protein at P60 in the contralateral intact VP. nGF was localized in the nerves, basal cells and columnar epithelium of the prostatic ducts. Denervation causes age-dependent increases in nGF in the VP, which is a potential mechanism by which the autonomic nervous system may regulate prostate growth and lead to BPH/LUTS.

关键词： denervation nerve growth factor prostate growth ventral prostate

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Intraneuronal tau aggregation induces the integrated stress response in astrocytes

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2022年第10期14卷 50-68页

作者： kevin L.Batenburg nael n.Kasri Vivi M.Heine Wiep Scheper Department of Functional Genomics Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive ResearchAmsterdam NeuroscienceVrĳe Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10851081 HV AmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Human Genetics and Cognitive neuroscience Donders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourRadboudumcGeert Grooteplein 10 Noord6500 HB NĳmegenThe Netherlands Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Amsterdam UMC location Vrĳe UniversiteitAmsterdam NeuroscienceVrĳe Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10851081 HV AmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Complex Trait Genetics Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive ResearchAmsterdam NeuroscienceVrĳe Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10851081 HV AmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Human Genetics Amsterdam UMC location Vrĳe UniversiteitDe Boelelaan 10851081 HV AmsterdamThe Netherlands

Progressive aggregation of tau protein in neurons is associated with neurodegeneration in *** non-autonomous disease mechanisms in astrocytes may be important drivers of the disease process but remain largely ***,we studied cell type-specific responses to intraneuronal tau aggregation prior to *** this end,we developed a fully human co-culture model of seed-independent intraneuronal tau pathology,which shows no neuron and synapse *** high-content microscopy,we show that intraneuronal tau aggregation induces oxidative stress accompanied by activation of the integrated stress response specifically in *** requires the direct co-culture with neurons and is not related to neurodegeneration or extracellular tau ***-directed antisense therapy reduced intraneuronal tau levels and aggregation and prevented the cell non-autonomous responses in *** data identify the astrocytic integrated stress response as a novel disease mechanism activated by intraneuronal tau *** addition,our data provide the first evidence for the efficacy of tau-directed antisense therapy to target cell autonomous and cell non-autonomous disease pathways in a fully human model of tau pathology.

关键词： tau aggregation astrocytes hiPSC-derived neurons integrated stress response oxidative stress antisense oligonucleotides

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Associations of preorchiectomy hormone levels to testicular germ cell tumor pathology,clinical stage,and size

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2021年第2期23卷 224-226页

作者： kevin G Pineault Joseph G Cheaib Amin S Herati Phillip M Pierorazio The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute Johns Hopkins Hospital600 N Wolfe StBaltimoreMD 21287USA

Dear Editor,Despite the substantial body of evidence describing the alternations in and impact of hormones after treatment of unilateral testicular germ cell tumors(GCTs),only a few studies have examined hormone levels before radical orchiectomy.1 This letter details our investigation of the relationship between preorchiectomy hormone levels and surgical pathology,clinical stage,and tumor size among patients with *** in GCT presentation were expected based on varying preorchiectomy hormone levels.

关键词： pathology clinical size

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Macular carotenoid supplementation improves disability glare performance and dynamics of photostress recovery

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Eye and Vision 2016年第1期3卷 231-238页

作者： James M.Stringham kevin J.O’Brien nicole T.Stringham nutritional neuroscience Laboratory Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA Vision Sciences Laboratory Department of PsychologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA Interdisciplinary neuroscience Program Biomedical Health Sciences InstituteUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA

Background:The so-called macular carotenoids(MC)lutein(L),zeaxanthin(Z),and meso-zeaxanthin(MZ)comprise the diet-derived macular pigment(MP).The purpose of this study was to determine effects of MC supplementation on the optical density of MP(MPOD),repeated-exposure photostress recovery(PSR),and disability glare(DG)***:This was a double-blind,placebo-controlled ***-nine young(mean age=21.7),healthy volunteers participated in this *** supplemented their daily diet with either 10 mg L+2 mg total Z(1 mg Z+1 mg MZ;n=24),20 mg L+4 mg total Z(2 mg Z+2 mg MZ;n=25),or placebo(n=10)for 12 *** primary outcome was a composite measure of visual performance in glare,defined by change in DG and *** outcomes included MPOD and visual *** primary endpoint for outcomes was 12 *** was assessed with customized heterochromatic flicker *** times for an 8 cycle/degree,15%contrast Gabor patch target were determined after each of five successive exposures to intense LED *** threshold was defined as the intensity of a ring of lights through which subjects were able to maintain visibility of the aforementioned *** of all parameters were conducted at baseline,6 months,and 12 ***-measures AnOVA,and Pearson product-moment correlations were used to determine statistically significant correlations,and changes within and between ***:MPOD for subjects in both supplementation groups increased significantly versus placebo at both 6-and 12-month visits(pnally,PSR times and DG thresholds improved significantly from baseline compared to placebo at 6-and 12-month visits(pne,MPOD was significantly related to both DG thresholds(r=0.444;p=0.0021)and PSR times(r=-0.56;pnction of MPOD,the repeated-exposure PSR curves became more asymptotic,as opposed to *** change in subjects’DG thresholds were significantly related to chang

关键词： Lutein Zeaxanthin Mesozeaxanthin Visual performance Photostress recovery Disability glare Macular pigment Visual cycle

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nPR1 as a transgenic crop protection strategy in horticultural species

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Horticulture Research 2018年第1期5卷 751-761页

作者： Katchen Julliany P.Silva nasser Mahna Zhonglin Mou kevin M.Folta Horticultural Sciences Department University of FloridaGainesvilleFL32611USA Department of Horticultural Sciences University of TabrizTabrizIran Department of Microbiology and Cell Science University of FloridaGainesvilleFL32611USA Graduate Program in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology University of FloridaGainesvilleFL32611USA

The nPR1(nOnEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGEnESIS RELATED GEnES1)gene has a central role in the long-lasting,broad-spectrum defense response known as systemic acquired resistance(SAR).When overexpressed in a transgenic context in Arabidopsis thaliana,this gene enhances resistance to a number of biotic and abiotic *** position as a key regulator of defense across diverse plant species makes nPR1 a strong candidate gene for genetic engineering disease and stress tolerance into other ***-value horticultural crops face many new challenges from pests and pathogens,and their emergence exceeds the pace of traditional breeding,making the application of nPR1-based strategies potentially useful in fruit and vegetable ***,plants overexpressing nPR1 occasionally present detrimental morphological traits that make its application less *** practical utility of nPR-based approaches will be a balance of resistance gains versus other *** this review,we summarize the progress on the understanding of nPR1-centered applications in horticultural and other crop *** also discuss the effect of the ectopic expression of the *** nPR1 gene and its orthologs in crop plants and outline the future challenges of using nPR1 in agricultural applications.

关键词： nPR1 breeding attractive

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Large Dynamic Range SPR Measurements Using a ZnSe Prism

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Photonic Sensors 2015年第3期5卷 278-283页

作者： John CAnnInG Jing QIAn kevin COOK interdisciplinary Photonics Laboratories School of Chemistry The University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia

A large dynamic index measurement range （n =1 to n = 1.7） using surface plasmon resonance （SPR） shifts was demonstrated with a ZnSe prism at 632.8nm, limited by the available high index liquid hosts. In contrast to borosilicate based SPR measurements, where angular limitations restrict solvent use to water and require considerable care dealing with Fresnel reflections, the ZnSe approach allows SPR spectroscopies to be applied to a varied range of solvents. An uncertainty in angular resolution between 1.5° and 6°, depending on the solvent and SPR angle, was estimated. The refractive index change for a given glucose concentration in water was measured to be n = （0.114 ± 0.007）/%[C6H12O6]. Given the transmission properties of ZnSe, the processes can be readily extended into the mid infrared.

关键词： Plasmonics surface plasmons surface waves scattering spectroscopy metal optics

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