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Behavioural and energetic consequences of competition among three overwintering swan(Cygnus spp.)species

Avian Research 2021年第4期12卷 707-721页

作者： kevin A.Wood Julia L.Newth Geoff m.Hilton Eileen C.Rees Wildfowl&Wetlands Trust SlimbridgeGloucestershire GL27BTUnited Kingdom Centre for Ecology and Conservation/Environment and Sustainabil-ity Institute College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeter TR109EZUnited Kingdom Department of Zoology University of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridge CB23EJUnited Kingdom

Background:Winter numbers of the northwest European population of Bewick's Swans(Cygnus columbianus bewickii)declined recently by c.40%.During the same period,numbers of two sympatric and ecologically-similar congeners,the mute Swan(Cygnus olor)and Whooper Swan(Cygnus cygnus)showed increases or *** has been suggested that these opposing population trends could have a causal relationship,as mute and Whooper Swans are larger and competitively dominant to Bewick's Swans in foraging *** so,effects of competition of mute and Whooper Swans on Bewick's Swans should be detectable as measurable impacts on behaviour and ***:Here,we studied the diurnal behaviour and energetics of 1083 focal adults and first-winter juveniles("cygnets")of the three swan species on their winter grounds in eastern *** analysed video recordings to derive time-activity budgets and these,together with estimates of energy gain and expenditure,were analysed to determine whether individual Bewick's Swans altered the time spent on key behaviours when sharing feeding habitat with other swan species,and any consequences for their energy expenditure and net energy ***:All three swan species spent a small proportion of their total time(0.011)on aggressive interactions,and these were predominantly intraspecific(≥0.714).mixed-effects models indicated that sharing feeding habitat with higher densities of mute and Whooper Swans increased the likelihood of engaging in aggression for cygnet Bewick's Swans,but not for *** levels of interspecific competition decreased the time spent by Bewick's Swan cygnets on foraging,whilst adults showed the opposite *** among low densities of conspecifics(m^(2)),individual Bewick's Swans spent more time on vigilance in the presence of higher densities of mute and Whooper Swans,whilst individuals within higher density Bewick's Swan flocks showed the opposite ***,we found no evide

关键词： Avian behaviour Energy expenditure Ethology Interference competition Interspecific interactions Time activity budgets Video observations

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A review of UHmWPE wear-induced osteolysis:the role for early detection of the immune response

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Bone Research 2016年第2期4卷 72-84页

作者： Adrese m Kandahari Xinlin Yang kevin A Laroche Abhijit S Dighe Dongfeng Pan Quanjun Cui Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Virginia Department of Radiology and medical Imaging University of Virginia

In a world where increasing joint arthroplasties are being performed on increasingly younger patients, osteolysis as the leading cause of faiIure after total joint arthroplasty （TJA） has gained considerable attention. Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene wear-induced osteolysis is the process by which prosthetic debris mechanicaIly released from the surface of prosthetic joints induces an immune response that favors bone catabolism, resulting in loosening of prostheses with eventual failure or fracture. The immune response initiated is innate in that it is nonspecific and self-propagating, with monocytic cells and osteoclasts being the main effectors. To date, detecting disease early enough to implement effective intervention without unwanted systemic side effects has been a major barrier. These barriers can be overcome using newer in vivo imaging techniques and modules linked with fluorescence and/or chemotherapies. We discuss the pathogenesis of osteolysis, and provide discussion of the challenges with imaging and therapeutics. We describe a positron emission tomography imaging cinnamoyl-Phe-（D）-Leu-Phe-（D）-Leu-Phe-Lys module, specific to maerophages, which holds promise in early detection of disease and localization of treatment. Further research and increased collaboration among therapeutic and three-dimensional imaging researchers are essential in realizing a solution to clinical osteolysis in TJA.

关键词： UHmWPE RANKL A review of UHmWPE wear-induced osteolysis

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A thin Si nanowire network anode for high volumetric capacity and long-life lithium-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第6期81卷 20-27,I0002页

作者： Ibrahim Saana Amiinu Sumair Imtiaz Hugh Geaney Tadhg Kennedy Nilotpal Kapuria Shalini Singh kevin m Ryan Bernal Institute University of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland Department of Chemical Sciences University of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland

Silicon nanowires(Si NWs)have been widely researched as the best alternative to graphite anodes for the next-generation of high-performance lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)owing to their high capacity and low discharge ***,growing binder-free Si NW anodes with adequate mass loading and stable capacity is severely limited by the low surface area of planar current collectors(CCs),and is particularly challenging to achieve on standard pure-Cu substrates due to the ubiquitous formation of Li+inactive silicide ***,the growth of densely-interwoven In-seeded Si NWs is facilitated by a thin-film of copper-silicide(CS)network in situ grown on a Cu-foil,allowing for a thin active NW layer(m thick)and high areal loading(≈1.04 mg/cm^(2))binder-free electrode *** electrode exhibits an average Coulombic efficiency(CE)of>99.6%and stable performance for>900 cycles with≈88.7%capacity *** significantly,it delivers a volumetric capacity of≈1086.1 m A h/cm^(3)at *** full-cell versus lithium manganese oxide(LmO)cathode delivers a capacity of≈1177.1 m A h/g at 1C with a stable rate *** electrode architecture represents significant advances toward the development of binder-free Si NW electrodes for LIB application.

关键词： Si NW anode Silicidation LmO cathode Amorphous ligaments Volumetric capacity Lithium-ion batteries

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Enduring legacy of coal mining on the fungal community in a High Arctic soil after five decades

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Pedosphere 2022年第5期32卷 698-706页

作者： Dorsaf KERFAHI kevin K.NEWSHAm Ke DONG Hokyung SONG mark TIBBETT Jonathan m.ADAmS School of Natural Sciences Department of Biological SciencesKeimyung UniversityDaegu 42601(Republic of Korea) NERC British Antarctic Survey Madingley RoadCambridge CB3 OET(UK) Department of Life Science Kyonggi UniversitySuwon-si 16227(Republic of Korea) School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of ManchesterManchester M139PL(UK) Department of Sustainable Land management&Soil Research Center School of AgriculturePolicy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingReading RG66AR(UK) School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210008(China)

mineral extraction is known to affect soil fungi in polar environments,but it is unknown how long these effects ***,by amplifying the internal transcribed spacer regions of rRNA genes in soil fungi,we compared soil fungal community in intact natural tundra with that in a nearby former coal mining area,abandoned 52 years previously,on Svalbard in the High *** with those in intact tundra,soils in the former mining area were more acidic and had lower plant *** of similar diversity in the two areas,the fungal community was dominated by Basidiomycota in the intact tundra,but by Ascomycota in the former mining *** genera formed a major part of the tundra community,but were notably less abundant in the mining *** principal variation among samples was soil ***,network connectivity analysis indicated that the fungal community in the former mining area had greater network connectivity than that in the tundra ***,the ecosystem in the former mining area has made only limited recovery towards the natural tundra state even after more than five *** is unclear whether the recovery of the fungal community is limited more by the low primary productivity,slow migration of fungi and plants,or slow changes in soil *** findings emphasize the susceptibility of polar ecosystems to disturbance,given their particularly slow recovery back towards the natural state.

关键词： abandoned mining site ectomycorrhizal fungi intact tundra mine tailings mineral extraction polar ecosystem recovery

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Development and evaluation of corrosion resistant coating for expandable rock bolt against highly corrosive ground conditions

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International Journal of mining Science and Technology 2018年第1期28卷 145-151页

作者： kevin Jinrong ma John Stankus Dakota Faulkner Keystone mining Services LLC of Jennmar Corporation Inc

Expandable rock bolts are widely used in hard rock mines as an efficient ground control ***, capacity and service life can be significantly reduced if the metallic body is subjected to *** some hard rock mines in the U.S., highly corrosive ground conditions exist, and it has been reported that inflatable rock bolts have corroded within a few months after *** provide mining industry a cost-effective inflatable bolt and combat the corrosion issues, Jennmar Corporation, Inc.,and its subsidiary Keystone mining Services, LLC(KmS), analyzed corroded bolt samples, identified root causes, evaluated properties of various coating materials, and developed a new inflatable rock bolt,Python m3^(Tm), that is protected with an innovative PyFlexU2^(Tm)*** new generation Python m3^(Tm) features improved steel chemistry for reliable performance, modified profile for better inflation, and surface preparation and coating *** PyFlexU2^(Tm)is impervious to liquid and air, durable, and UV *** a flexible, adhesive, and highly corrosion-resistant undercoating, and a very hard sacrificial surface coating, the PyFlexU2^(Tm)coating system provides the Python m3^(Tm)superior protection against chemical corrosion and physical scratch *** under-coating has exceptional flexibility and adhesion to prevent coating micro-cracks or fractures after bolt inflation and possesses excellent corrosion resistance to acids(pH 11), fuels, and salt *** corrosion and scratch resistant PyFlexU2^(Tm)coating offers very effective bolt protection for extra longevity in highly corrosive *** Python m3^(Tm)coated with PyFlexU2^(Tm)has been tested in the most challenging conditions,including laboratory corrosion tests in extreme acidic and basic solvents, rock slurry, and borehole scratch insertion *** demonstrated corrosion and scratch resistance, the product has been greatly welcomed by hard rock min

关键词： Rock bolt Hard rock Corrosive ground condition Bolt corrosion

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