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genomic stability at the coding regions of the multidrug transporter gene ABCB1: insights into the development of alternative drug resistance mechanisms in human leukemia cells

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2020年第4期3卷 959-979页

作者： kevin g.chen george E.Duran Mark J.Mogul Yan C.Wang kevin L.Ross Jean-Pierre Jaffrézou Lyn M.Huff Kory R.Johnson Tito Fojo Norman J.Lacayo Branimir I.Sikic Division of Oncology Department of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA 94305USA Current Address:NIH Stem Cell Unit National Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD 20892USA Current Address:Medical Affairs U.S. Servier PharmaceuticalsBostonMA 02210USA Current Address:Ross BioPharm group Rocky PointNY 11778USA Current Address:French National Centre for Scientific Research Paris 75016France Medicine Branch National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD 20892USA Current Address Laboratory of Cell BiologyNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD 20892USA Intramural IT and Bioinformatics Program National Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD 20892USA Current Address:Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian HospitalNew YorkNY 10032USA Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology-Stem Cell Transplantation and Cancer Biology Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer InstitutePalo AltoCA 94305USA

Aim:Despite considerable efforts to reverse clinical multidrug resistance(MDR),targeting the predominant multidrug transporter ABCB1/P-glycoprotein(P-gp)using small molecule inhibitors has been unsuccessful,possibly due to the emergence of alternative drug resistance ***,the non-specific P-gp inhibitor cyclosporine(CsA)showed significant clinical benefits in patients with acute myeloid leukemia(AML),which likely represents the only proof-of-principle clinical trial using several generations of MDR ***,the mutational mechanisms that may underlie unsuccessful MDR modulation by CsA are not elucidated because of the absence of CsA-relevant cellular *** this study,our aims were to establish CsA-resistant leukemia models and to examine the presence or absence of ABCB1 exonic mutations in these models as well as in diverse types of human cancer samples including ***:Drug-resistant lines were established by stepwise drug co-selection and characterized by drug sensitivity assay,rhodamine-123 accumulation,[3H]-labeled drug export,ABCB1 cDNA sequencing,and RNase protection *** genomic stability of the ABCB1 coding regions was evaluated by exome sequencing analysis of variant allele frequencies in human ***,the mutational spectrum of ABCB1 was further assessed in diverse types of cancer samples including AMLs in the Cancer genome Atlas(TCgA)at the National Cancer ***:We report the development of two erythroleukemia variants,RVC and RDC,which were derived by stepwise co-selection of K562/R7 drug-resistant leukemia cells with the etoposide-CsA and doxorubicin-CsA drug combinations,***,both RVC and RDC cell lines,which retained P-gp expression,showed altered multidrug-resistant phenotypes that were resistant to CsA ***,no mutations were found in the ABCB1 coding regions in these variant cells even under long-term stringent drug ***,ABCB1

关键词： Cancer leukemia multidrug resistance ABCB1 P-glycoprotein cyclosporine mutation

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Potential transformation of organic matter by microbes in cryoconite,Tibetan Plateau

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第6期67卷 1978-1989页

作者： Bixi gUO Yongqin LIU kevin Xu ZHONg Quan SHI chen HE Qiang ZHENg Ruanhong CAI State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Environment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Center for the Pan-Third Pole Environment Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Department of Earth Oceanand Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing Petroleum Molecules Engineering Center(PMEC)China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science Collage of Ocean and Earth SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China

Microorganisms play an essential role in the glacier carbon cycle;how they transform organic matter in mountain glacial cryoconite remains to be ***,we applied ultra-high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(FT-ICR MS)and deep sequencing of 16S rRNA gene,to investigate the temporal microbial transformation of dissolved organic matter(DOM)of the Tibetan Plateau *** the 60-day incubation,we found that DOM in cryoconite underwent a three-stage transformation,with decreasing bioavailability over *** microbial community did not change much in the first week while degrading DOM molecules that were associated with higher H/C_(wa)and lower O/C_(wa).During days 15-30,DOM composition remained stable while microbial diversity *** day 60,the DOM was microbially converted into a higher state of recalcitrance,with higher values of aromatic index,O/C_(wa),and lower H/C_(wa),which contained molecules containing more *** among various microbial taxa,like Cyanobacteria,Bacteroidota,gammaproteobacteria,Firmicutes,and Actinobacteriota,drove the DOM transformation in *** study sheds light on the in-situ transformation of DOM composition meditated by microbial populations in cryoconite at a temporal scale,providing new insights into understanding the microbial roles in the glacier organic carbon transformation.

关键词： Cryoconite Dissolved organic matter Biodegradation Microbial community Temporal variation

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Batch Active Learning for Multispectral and Hyperspectral Image Segmentation Using Similarity graphs

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第2期6卷 1013-1033页

作者： Bohan chen kevin Miller Andrea L.Bertozzi Jon Schwenk Department of Mathematics University of CaliforniaLos Angeles520 Portola PlazaLosAngeles90095CAUSA Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences University of Texas at Austin201 E 24th StAustin 78712TXUSA Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM 87545USA

graph learning,when used as a semi-supervised learning(SSL)method,performs well for classification tasks with a low label *** provide a graph-based batch active learning pipeline for pixel/patch neighborhood multi-or hyperspectral image *** batch active learning approach selects a collection of unlabeled pixels that satisfy a graph local maximum constraint for the active learning acquisition function that determines the relative importance of each pixel to the *** work builds on recent advances in the design of novel active learning acquisition functions(e.g.,the Model Change approach in arXiv:2110.07739)while adding important further developments including patch-neighborhood image analysis and batch active learning methods to further increase the accuracy and greatly increase the computational efficiency of these *** addition to improvements in the accuracy,our approach can greatly reduce the number of labeled pixels needed to achieve the same level of the accuracy based on randomly selected labeled pixels.

关键词： Image segmentation graph learning Batch active learning Hyperspectral image

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Rational Design and Construction of a CdS QDs/InVO4 Atomic-Layer（110）/（110） Facet S-Scheme Heterojunction for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of C2H4

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第3期7卷 215-222页

作者： Yuanpeng Dong Peizhu Ji Xinyue Xu Rong Li Yin Wang kevin Peter Homewood Xiaohong Xia Yun gao Xuxing.chen Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials School of Materials Science&Engineering Hubei University Hubei Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Hubei University of Arts and Science State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences United Water (Xianning) Company Limited

Exploring high efficiency S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts with strong redox ability for removing volatile organic compounds from the air is of great interest and ***,how to predict and regulate the transport of photogenerated carriers in heterojunctions is a great ***,density functional theory calculations were first used to successfully predict the formation of a CdS quantum dots/InVO4atomic-layer （110）/（110） facet S-scheme ***,a CdS quantum dots/InVO4atomic-layer was synthesized by in-situ loading of CdS quantum dots with （110） facets onto the（110） facets of *** a result of the deliberately constructed built-in electric field between the adjoining facets,we obtain a remarkably enhanced photocatalytic degradation rate for *** rate is 13.8 times that of pure CdS and 13.2 times that of pure ***-situ irradiated X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,photoluminescence and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements were carried *** experiments validate that the built-in electric field enhanced the dissociation of photoexcited excitons and the separation of free charge carriers,and results in the formation of S-scheme charge transfer *** reaction mechanism of the photocatalytic C2H4oxidation is investigated by in-situ electron paramagnetic *** work provides a mechanistic insight into the construction and optimization of semiconductor heterojunction photocatalysts for application to environmental remediation.

关键词： CdS QDs InVO4 atomic-layer photocatalysis S-scheme volatile organic compounds

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Poisoning effect of polyvinyl chloride on the catalytic pyrolysis of mixed plastics over zeolites

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第7期67卷 2265-2273页

作者： Jiangchun Yuan Wenjie Wang Weixiao Sun Zhirong Yang Yueqiang Cao Wenyao chen Xiaohu ge gang Qian Xiang Feng Xuezhi Duan Xinggui Zhou kevin M.Van geem Jing Zhang State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China School of Chemical Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Laboratory for Chemical Technology(LCT) Department of MaterialsTextiles and Chemical EngineeringFaculty of Engineering&ArchitectureGhent UniversityZwijnaarde B-9052Belgium State Key Lab of Heavy Oil Processing China University of PetroleumQingdao 266580China

Nowadays,the chemical recycling is applied for only 1%of total waste plastics,largely due to contaminants in plastic waste and difficulty in product *** the major contaminant,polyvinyl chloride(PVC)often forms corrosive hydrogen chloride(HCl)during the chemical recycling,which may cause severe catalyst deactivation and equipment ***,the investigation on catalytic pyrolysis(the major route for plastics chemical recycling)of the PVC containing mixed plastics has been rarely ***,catalytic co-pyrolysis of PVC and polyethylene(PE)was studied over an aromatization catalyst,Pt/ZSM-5,since the basic building block aromatics are desired products from plastics chemical *** poisoning effect of PVC vapor on the catalyst stability was explored by collective efforts of thorough product analysis and catalyst *** was found that the HCl evolving from PVC has an autocatalytic effect that promotes the scission of dehydrochlorinated PVC,resulting in the high yield of benzene and acetylene from *** the other hand,the presence of PVC suppressed the aromatics formation from PE,largely due to the poisoning effect of PVC-derived HCl on the Pt/*** deactivation is irreversible as evidenced by the decreased zeolite crystallinity and the loss of strong acid sites that are key to the aromatization,possibly due to the removal of framework Al upon the interaction with *** modification with octadecylphosphonic acid only slightly alleviated the PVC poisoning *** insights on the PVC poisoning of zeolite catalysts provided in this work may guide the process design of chemical recycling of PVC containing waste plastics.

关键词： polyvinyl chloride polyethylene zeolite aromatics deactivation

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Rational Design and Construction of a CdS QDs/lnVO_(4) Atomic-Layer(110)/(110)Facet S-Scheme Heterojunction for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of C_(2)H_(4)

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第3期7卷 211-218页

作者： Yuanpeng Dong Peizhu Ji Xinyue Xu Rong Li Yin Wang kevin Peter Homewood Xiaohong Xia Yun gao Xuxing.chen Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials School of Materials Science&EngineeringHubei UniversityWuhan 430062China Hubei Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Hubei University of Arts and ScienceXiangyang 441053China State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002China United Water(Xianning)Company Limited Xianning 437100China

Exploring high efficiency S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts with strong redox ability for removing volatile organic compounds from the air is of great interest and ***,how to predict and regulate the transport of photogenerated carriers in heterojunctions is a great ***,density functional theory calculations were first used to successfully predict the formation of a CdS quantum dots/InVO_(4)atomic-layer(110)/(110)facet S-scheme ***,a CdS quantum dots/InVO_(4)atomic-layer was synthesized by in-situ loading of CdS quantum dots with(110)facets onto the(110)facets of InVO_(4)*** a result of the deliberately constructed built-in electric field between the adjoining facets,we obtain a remarkably enhanced photocatalytic degradation rate for *** rate is 13.8 times that of pure CdS and 13.2 times that of pure InVO_(4).In-situ irradiated X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,photoluminescence and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements were carried *** experiments validate that the built-in electric field enhanced the dissociation of photoexcited excitons and the separation of free charge carriers,and results in the formation of S-scheme charge transfer *** reaction mechanism of the photocatalytic C_(2)H_(4)oxidation is investigated by in-situ electron paramagnetic *** work provides a mechanistic insight into the construction and optimization of semiconductor heterojunction photocatalysts for application to environmental remediation.

关键词： CdS QDs InVO_(4)atomic-layer photocatalysis S-scheme volatile organic compounds

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Longitudinal associations of cardiovascular health and vascular events with incident dementia

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第4期9卷 418-428,I0066-I0130页

作者： Ya-Nan Ou kevin Kuo Liu Yang Ya-Ru Zhang Shu-Yi Huang Shi-Dong.chen Yue-Ting Deng Yu guo Rui-Qi Zhang Bang-Sheng Wu Lan Tan Qiang Dong Jian-Feng Feng Wei cheng Jin-Tai Yu Department of Neurology Qingdao Municipal HospitalQingdao UniversityQingdaoShandongPeople's Republic of China Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders Huashan HospitalState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiPeople's Republic of China Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence Fudan UniversityShanghaiPeople's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Fudan UniversityMinistry of EducationShanghaiPeople's Republic of China

Introduction Evidence supporting cardiovascular diseases could increase the risk of dementia remains fragmented.A comprehensive study to illuminate the distinctive associations across different dementia types is still *** study is sought to:(1)determine the clinical validity of Framingham general Cardiovascular Risk Score(FgCRS)for dementia assessment and(2)examine the associations between cardiovascular diseases and the risk of *** A total of 432079 dementia-free individuals at baseline from UK Biobank were *** Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the prospective associations for FgCRS and a series of cardiovascular diseases with all-cause dementia(ACD)and its major components,Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and vascular dementia(VaD).Results During a median follow-up of 110.1 months,4711 individuals were diagnosed with *** was associated with increased risks across the dementia *** stratification analysis,high-risk groups have demonstrated the greatest dementia burdens,particularly to *** 74 traits,9 adverse associations,such as chronic ischaemic heart disease(ACD:HR=1.354;AD:HR=1.269;VaD:HR=1.768),atrioventricular block(ACD:HR=1.562;AD:HR=1.556;VaD:HR=2.069),heart failure(ACD:HR=1.639;AD:HR=1.543;VaD:HR=2.141)and hypotension(ACD:HR=2.912;AD:HR=2.361;VaD:HR=3.315)were *** distinctions were also found,with atrial fibrillation,cerebral infarction,and haemorrhage only associated with greater risks of ACD and *** By identifying distinctive associations between cardiovascular diseases and dementia,this study has established a comprehensive‘mapping’that may untangle the long-standing *** has demonstrated its predictivity beyond cardiovascular diseases burdens,suggesting potential opportunities for implantation.

关键词： cardiovascular diseases supporting

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The evolving roles of Wnt signaling in stem cell proliferation and differentiation, the development of human diseases, and therapeutic opportunities

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genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 155-187页

作者： Michael Yu kevin Qin Jiaming Fan guozhi Zhao Piao Zhao Wei Zeng Connie chen Annie Wang Yonghui Wang jiamin Zhong Yi Zhu William Wagstaff Rex C.Haydon Hue H.Luu Sherwin Ho Michael J.Lee Jason Strelzow Russell R.Reid Tong-Chuan He School of Medicine Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and ScienceNorth ChicagoIL 60064USA Molecular Oncology Laboratory Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation MedicineThe University of Chicago Medical CenterChicagoIL 60637USA Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and Department of Clinical BiochemistryThe School of Laboratory MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China Department of Orthopedic Surgery The First Affliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China Department of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai 200000China Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Laboratory of Craniofacial Suture Biology and Development Department of Surgery Section of Plastic SurgeryThe University of Chicago Medical CenterChicagoIL 60637USA Department of Neurology The First Dongguan Affiliated HospitalGuangdong Medical UniversityDongguanGuangdong 523475China

The evolutionarily conserved Wnt signaling pathway plays a central role in develop-ment and adult tissue homeostasis across *** proteins are secreted,lipid-modified signaling molecules that activate the canonical(β-catenin dependent)and non-canonical(β-catenin independent)Wnt signaling *** behaviors such as proliferation,differ-entiation,maturation,and proper body-axis specification are carried out by the canonical pathway,which is the best characterized of the known Wnt signaling *** signaling has emerged as an important factor in stem cell biology and is known to affect the self-renewal of stem cells in various *** includes but is not limited to embryonic,hematopoietic,mesenchymal,gut,neural,and epidermal stem *** signaling has also been implicated in tumor cells that exhibit stem cell-like *** signaling is crucial for bone formation and presents a potential target for the development of therapeutics for bone *** surprisingly,aberrant Wnt signaling is also associated with a wide variety of diseases,including *** of Wnt pathway members in cancer can lead to unchecked cell proliferation,epithelial-mesenchymal transition,and ***,advances in the understand-ing of dysregulated Wnt signaling in disease have paved the way for the development of novel therapeutics that target components of the Wnt *** with a brief overview of the mechanisms of canonical and non-canonical Wnt,this review aims to summarize the cur-rent knowledge of Wnt signaling in stem cells,aberrations to the Wnt pathway associated with diseases,and novel therapeutics targeting the Wnt pathway in preclinical and clinical studies.

关键词： β-Catenin Cancer Canonical Wnt Disease Non-canonical Wnt Stem cells Targeted therapy Wnt signaling

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New Record Ocean Temperatures and Related Climate Indicators in 2023

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第6期41卷 1068-1082页

作者： Lijing.cheng John ABRAHAM kevin E.TRENBERTH Tim BOYER Michael EMANN Jiang ZHU Fan WANg Fujiang YU Ricardo LOCARNINI John FASULLO Fei ZHENg Yuanlong LI Bin ZHANg Liying WAN Xingrong.chen Dakui WANg Licheng FENg Xiangzhou SONg Yulong LIU Franco RESEgHETTI Simona SIMONCELLI Viktor gOURETSKI gengxin chen Alexey MISHONOV Jim REAgAN Karina VON SCHUCKMANN Yuying PAN Zhetao TAN Yujing ZHU Wangxu WEI guancheng LI Qiuping REN Lijuan CAO Yayang LU International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of St.Thomas School of EngineeringMinnesota 55105USA NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research BoulderColorado 80307USA University of Auckland Auckland 1010New Zealand National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental InformationSilver SpringMaryland 20910USA Department of Earth and Environmental Science University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania 19104USA Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Ministry of Natural Resources of ChinaBeijing 100081China Oceanographic Data Center Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China College of Oceanography Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China National Marine Data and Information Service Tianjin 300171China Italian National Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Economic DevelopmentS.Teresa Research CenterLerici 19032Italy Istituto Nazionale di geofisica e Vulcanologia Sede di BolognaBologna 40128Italy South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China ESSIC/CISESS-MD University of MarylandCollege ParkMD20740USA Mercator Ocean International Toulouse 31400France Eco-Environmental Monitoring and Research Center Pearl River Valley and South China Sea Ecology and Environment AdministrationMinistry of Ecology and EnvironmentPRCGuangzhou 510611China National Meteorological Information Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development goals Beijing 100094China

The global physical and biogeochemical environment has been substantially altered in response to increased atmospheric greenhouse gases from human *** 2023,the sea surface temperature(SST)and upper 2000 m ocean heat content(OHC)reached record *** 0–2000 m OHC in 2023 exceeded that of 2022 by 15±10 ZJ(1 Zetta Joules=1021 Joules)(updated IAP/CAS data);9±5 ZJ(NCEI/NOAA data).The Tropical Atlantic Ocean,the Mediterranean Sea,and southern oceans recorded their highest OHC observed since the *** with the onset of a strong El Niño,the global SST reached its record high in 2023 with an annual mean of~0.23℃ higher than 2022 and an astounding>0.3℃ above 2022 values for the second half of *** density stratification and spatial temperature inhomogeneity indexes reached their highest values in 2023.

关键词： ocean heat content salinity stratification global warming climate

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Canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling: Multilayered mediators, signaling mechanisms and major signaling crosstalk

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genes & Diseases 2024年第1期11卷 103-134页

作者： kevin Qin Michael Yu Jiaming Fan Hongwei Wang Piao Zhao guozhi Zhaoo Wei Zeng Connie chen Yonghui Wang Annie Wang Zander Schwartz Jeffrey Hong Lily Song William Wagstaff Rex C.Haydon Hue H.Luu Sherwin H.Ho Jason Strelzow Russell R.Reid Tong-Chuan He Lewis L.Shi Chicago Medical School Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and ScienceNorth ChicagoIL 60064USA Molecular Oncology Laboratory Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation MedicineThe University of Chicago Medical CenterChicagoIL 60637USA Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and Department of Clinical BiochemistryThe School of Laboratory MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China Department of Interventional Neurology The First Dongguan Affiliated HospitalGuangdong Medical UniversityDongguanGuangdong 523475China Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai 200000China School of Biomedical Engineering Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN 37235USA Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development Department of Surgery Section of Plastic SurgeryThe University of Chicago Medical CenterChicagoIL 60637USA

Wnt signaling plays a major role in regulating cell proliferation and *** Wnt ligands are a family of 19 secreted glycoproteins that mediate their signaling effects via binding to Frizzled receptors and LRP5/6 coreceptors and transducing the signal either throughβ-catenin in the canonical pathway or through a series of other proteins in the nonca-nonical *** of the individual components of both canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling have additional functions throughout the body,establishing the complex interplay between Wnt signaling and other signaling *** crosstalk between Wnt signaling and other pathways gives Wnt signaling a vital role in many cellular and organ ***-regulation of this system has been implicated in many diseases affecting a wide array of organ systems,including cancer and embryological defects,and can even cause embryonic *** complexity of this system and its interacting proteins have made Wnt signaling a target for many therapeutic ***,both stimulatory and inhibitory treatments come with potential risks that need to be *** review synthesized much of the current knowl-edge on the Wnt signaling pathway,beginning with the history of Wnt *** thoroughly described the different variants of Wnt signaling,including canonical,noncanonical Wnt/PCP,and the noncanonical Wnt/Ca2+*** description involved each of its components and their involvement in other cellular ***,this review explained the various other pathways and processes that crosstalk with Wnt signaling.

关键词： β-catenin Canonical Wnt Noncanonical Wnt Signal transduction Signaling crosstalk

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