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Contribution of national bioassessment approaches for assessing ecological water security： an AUSRIVAS case study

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2013年第5期7卷 669-687页

作者： Susan j. nichols Fiona j. DYER Institute for Applied Ecology and MDBfutures CRN University of Canberra Canberra ACT 2601 Australia

River managers in Australia are managing in the face of extremes to provide security of water supply for people, production and the environment. Balancing the water requirements of people, environments and econo- mies requires that water security is viewed holistically, not just in terms of the water available for human consump- tion. Common definitions of water security focus on the needs of both humans and ecosystems for purposes such as drinking, agriculture and industrial use, and to maintain ecological values. Information about achieving water security for the environment or ecological purposes can be a challenge to interpret because the watering require- ments of key ecological processes or assets are not well understood, and the links between ecological and human values are often not obvious to water users. Yet the concepts surrounding river health are inherently linked to holistic concepts of water security. The measurement of aquatic biota provides a valuable tool for managers to understand progress toward achieving ecological water security objectives. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the reference condition approach to river health assessment, using the development of the Australian River Assessment System （AUSRIVAS） as a case study. We make the link between the biological assessment of river health and assessment of ecological water security, and suggest that such an approach provides a way of reporting that is relevant to the contribution made by ecosystems to water security. The reference condition approach, which is the condition representative of minimally disturbed sites organized by selected physical, chemical, and biological characteristics, is most important for assessing ecological water security objectives.

关键词： ecological water security biological assessment river health

Electrocatalytic generation of reactive species and implications in microbial inactivation

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Chinese journal of Catalysis 2022年第6期43卷 1399-1416页

作者： Forrest nichols kenneth I.Ozoemena Shaowei Chen Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California1156 High StreetSanta CruzCalifornia 95064United States Molecular Sciences Institute School of ChemistryUniversity of the WitwatersrandPrivate Bag 3P.O.WitsJohannesburg 2050South Africa

Controlling microbial proliferation in water systems,including wastewater,recreational water,and drinking water,is essential to societal *** inactivation through electrochemically generated reactive species(RS)mediated pathways provides an effective route toward this microbial *** we provide an overview of recent progress toward electrocatalytic generation of RS and their application in water disinfection,with a focus on the selective production of RS,the microorganism interactions with RS(including both RS mechanisms of action and innate microorganism responses to RS),and practical implementation of electrochemically generated RS for microbial *** article is concluded with a perspective where the challenges and opportunities of RS‐based electrochemical disinfection of water are highlighted,along with possible future research directions.

关键词： Electrocatalysis Reactive species Microorganism Inactivation Water electrodisinfection

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镜片护理液的选择

养生大世界（B版） 2009年第12期 21-25页

作者： jason j.nichols 俄亥俄州立大学视光学院

角膜接触镜护理液最重要的功能是对镜片进行清洁和消毒，以及潜在的提高镜片配戴的舒适度。泪液中含有大量的蛋白和脂质，这些物质经常沉积在镜片上。在镜片配戴之后通过清洁去除镜片的沉积物的量随着镜片材料和所使用的角膜接触镜护理... 详细信息

角膜接触镜护理液最重要的功能是对镜片进行清洁和消毒，以及潜在的提高镜片配戴的舒适度。泪液中含有大量的蛋白和脂质，这些物质经常沉积在镜片上。在镜片配戴之后通过清洁去除镜片的沉积物的量随着镜片材料和所使用的角膜接触镜护理液的不同而不同。这篇文章回顾了不同的角膜接触镜护理液对泪液和镜片自身的影响，同时还回顾了多功能护理液和过氧化氢护理液对镜片清洁和消毒的效能，阐述了护理液过敏反应和其他与角膜接触镜相关的非感染性的并发症。（AdvStudOphthalmol．2008；5（3）：76—78）。角膜接触镜护理液最主要的功能是清洁镜片，去除镜片上沉积的来自泪液中的蛋白和脂质；对镜片进行消毒以及尽可能提高角膜接触配戴的舒适度。以上的3项功能互相作用，因为干净的镜片配戴起来更加舒适，同时被微生物污染的可能性更低。

关键词：多功能护理液镜片材料角膜接触镜微生物污染舒适度沉积物过氧化氢非感染性

Power regulation of kinematic control inputs for forward flying Drosophila

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维普期刊数据库

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2014年第6期30卷 809-818页

作者： kenneth MacFarlane Imraan Faruque j.Sean Humbert 3181 Glenn L Martin Hall University of MarylandCollege Park MD 20742 USA

The choices of insect wing kinematic programs is not well understood,particularly the mechanism by which an insect selects a distortion to achieve flight control.A methodology to evaluate prospective kinematic control inputs is presented based on the reachable states when control actuation was constrained to a unit of *** method implements a computationally-derived reduced order model of the insect’s flight dynamics combined with calculation of power *** kinematic inputs are evaluated based on this criterion for a Drosophila size insect in forward *** bias is shown to be the dominant control input using this power normalized evaluation measure.

关键词： Flight control Control Drosophila Power

Intraocular lens power calculation in eyes with previous corneal refractive surgery

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Eye and Vision 2018年第1期5卷 172-181页

作者： Giacomo Savini kenneth j.Hoffer G.B.Bietti Eye Foundation RomeItaly. Stein Eye Institute University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA.3 St.Mary’s Eye CenterSanta MonicaCAUSA

Background:This review aims to explain the reasons why intraocular lens(IOL)power calculation is challenging in eyes with previous corneal refractive surgery and what solutions are currently available to obtain more accurate ***:After IOL implantation in eyes with previous LASIK,PRK or RK,a refractive surprise can occur because (i)the altered ratio between the anterior and posterior corneal surface makes the keratometric index invalid;(ii)the corneal curvature radius is measured out of the optical zone;and (iii)the effective lens position is erroneously predicted if such a prediction is based on the post-refractive surgery corneal *** methods are currently available to obtain the best refractive outcomes in these eyes,even when the perioperative data(*** corneal power and surgically induced refractive change)are not *** this review,we describe the most accurate methods based on our clinical ***:IOL power calculation after myopic corneal refractive surgery can be calculated with a variety of methods that lead to relatively accurate outcomes,with 60 to 70%of eyes showing a prediction error within 0.50 diopters.

关键词： Cataract Intraocular lens power LASIK PRK Excimer laser Corneal surgery Keratometry

Characterization of ASTER GDEM elevation data over vegetated area compared with lidar data

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International journal of Digital Earth 2015年第3期8卷 198-211页

作者： Wenjian Ni Guoqing Sun kenneth j.Ranson State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital EarthChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Department of Geographical sciences University of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA Biospheric Sciences Branch NASA’s Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA

Current researches based on areal or spaceborne stereo images with very high resolutions(<1 m)have demonstrated that it is possible to derive vegetation height from stereo *** second version of the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Global Digital Elevation Model(ASTER GDEM)is the state-of-the-art global elevation data-set developed by stereo ***,the resolution of ASTER stereo images(15 m)is much coarser than areal stereo images,and the ASTER GDEM is compiled products from stereo images acquired over 10 *** forest disturbances as well as forest growth are inevitable in 10 years time *** this study,the features of ASTER GDEM over vegetated areas under both flat and mountainous conditions were investigated by comparisons with lidar *** factors possibly affecting the extraction of vegetation canopy height considered include(1)co-registration of DEMs;(2)spatial resolution of digital elevation models(DEMs);(3)spatial vegetation structure;and(4)terrain *** results show that the accurate coregistration between ASTER GDEM and national elevation dataset(NED)is necessary over mountainous *** correlation between ASTER GDEM minus NED and vegetation canopy height is improved from 0.328 to 0.43 by degrading resolutions from 1 arc-second to 5 arc-second and further improved to 0.6 if only homogenous vegetated areas were considered.

关键词： vegetation canopy height ASTER GDEM NED photogrammetry stereo-mapping

Smelling fit： scent marking exposes parasitic infection status in the banded mongoose

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Current Zoology 2017年第3期63卷 237-247页

作者： jessica MITCHELL Michael A. CANT Emma I.K. VITIKAINEN Hazel j. nichols School of Natural Sciences and Psychology Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool L3 AF UK Centrefor Ecology and Conservation University of Exeter Penryn Campus TRIO 9FE UK

Preference for uninfected mates is presumed beneficial as it minimizes one＇s risk of contracting an infection and infecting one＇s offspring. In avian systems, visual ornaments are often used to indi- cate parasite burdens and facilitate mate choice. However, in mammals, olfactory cues have been proposed to act as a mechanism allowing potential mates to be discriminated by infection status. The effect of infection upon mammalian mate choice is mainly studied in captive rodents where ex- perimental trials support preference for the odors of uninfected mates and some data suggest scent marking is reduced in individuals with high infection burdens. Nevertheless, whether such effects occur in nonmodel and wild systems remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the interplay between parasite load （estimated using fecal egg counts） and scent marking behavior in a wild population of banded mongooses Mungos mungo. Focusing on a costly protozoan parasite of the genus Isospora and the nematode worm Toxocara, we first show that banded mongooses that engage in frequent, intensive scent marking have lower Isospora loads, suggesting marking behavior may be an indicator trait regarding infection status. We then use odor presentations to demonstrate that banded mongooses mark less in response to odors of opposite sexed individuals with high Isospora and Toxocara loads. As both of these parasites are known to have detrimental effects upon the health of preweaned young in other species, they would appear key targets to avoid during mate choice. Results provide support for scent as an important ornament and mechanism for advertising parasitic infection within wild mammals.

关键词： Isospora olfaction parasite scent scent preferences Toxocara.

Uptake and transformation of arsenic during the reproductive life stage of Agaricus bisporus and Agaricus campestris

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第11期28卷 140-149页

作者： Michelle M.Nearing Iris Koch kenneth j.Reimer Environmental Sciences Group Royal Military College of Canada

Fruiting bodies from the Agaricus genus have been found to contain non-toxic arsenobetaine（AB） as a major compound. It is unknown whether AB is formed during the vegetative or reproductive life stages of the fungus, or by the surrounding microbial community, but AB＇s structural similarity to glycine betaine has led to the hypothesis that AB may be adventitiously accumulated as an osmolyte. To investigate the potential formation of AB during the reproductive life stage of Agaricus species, growth substrate and fungi were collected during the commercial growth of Agaricus bisporus and analyzed for arsenic speciation using HPLC-ICP-MS. AB was found to be the major arsenic compound in the fungus at the earliest growth stage of fruiting（the primordium）. The growth substrate mainly contained arsenate（As（V））. The distribution of arsenic in an A. bisporus primordium grown on As（V） treated substrate, and in a mature Agaricus campestris fruiting body collected from arsenic contaminated mine tailings, was mapped using two dimensional XAS imaging. The primordium and stalk of the mature fruiting body were both found to be growing around pockets of substrate material containing higher As concentrations, and AB was found exclusively in the fungal tissues. In the mature A. campestris the highest proportion of AB was found in the cap, supporting the AB as an osmolyte hypothesis. The results have allowed us to pinpoint the fungus life stage at which AB formation takes place,namely reproduction, which provides a direction for further research.

关键词： Arsenobetaine Arsenic Agaricus Fungi HPLC-ICP-MS XAS imaging

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金属配位中心对单分子电导性质的影响

金属配位中心对单分子电导性质的影响