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Recent progress in research and forecasting of tropical cyclone outer size

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tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2023年第3期12卷 151-164页

作者： Benjamin A.Schenkel Chris Noble Daniel Chavas kelvin t.f.chan Stephen J.Barlow Amit Singh Kate Musgrave Cooperative Institute for Severe and High-Impact Weather Research and Operations University of OklahomaNormanOKUSA NOAA/OAR National Severe Storms Laboratory NormanOKUSA School of Meteorology University of OklahomaOklahomaUSA MetService WellingtonNew Zealand Department of Earth Atmosphericand Planetary SciencePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversitySouthern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)ZhuhaiChina Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate change and Natural Disaster Studies Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhaiChina Key Laboratory of tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System(Sun Yat-sen University) Ministry of EducationZhuhaiChina Joint typhoon Warning Center Pearl HarborHawaiiUSA fiji Meteorological Service NadiFiji Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere Fort CollinsCOUSA

this review article summarizes the current understanding and recent updates to tropical cyclone outer size and structure forecasting and research primarily since 2018 as part of the World Meteorological Organization's 10th International Workshop on tropical Cyclones.A more complete understanding of tropical cyclone outer wind and precipitation is key to anticipating storm intensification and the scale and magnitude of landfalling *** first discuss the relevance of tropical cyclone outer size and structure,improvements in our understanding of its life cycle and inter-basin variability,and the processes that impact outer size *** next focus on current forecasting practices and differences among warning centers,recent advances in operational forecasting,and new observations of the storm outer wind *** also summarize recent research on projected tropical cyclone outer size and structure changes by the late 21st ***,we discuss recommendations for the future of tropical cyclone outer size forecasting and research.

关键词： tropical cyclones Climate change Operational forecasting Outer size Outer structure

Identification of novel small-molecule inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 by chemical genetics

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第9期14卷 4028-4044页

作者： Chris Chun-Yiu chan Qian Guo Jasper fuk-Woo chan Kaiming tang Jian-Piao Cai Kenn Ka-Heng Chik Yixin Huang Mei Dai Bo Qin Chon Phin Ong Allen Wing-Ho Chu Wan-Mui chan Jonathan Daniel Ip Lei Wen Jessica Oi-Ling tsang tong-Yun Wang Yubin Xie Zhenzhi Qin Jianli Cao Zi-Wei Ye Hin Chu kelvin Kai-Wang to Xing-Yi Ge tao Ni Dong-Yan Jin Sheng Cui Kwok-Yung Yuen Shuofeng Yuan State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases Carol Yu Centre for InfectionDepartment of MicrobiologySchool of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong SAR 999077China Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen 518000China Centre for Virology Vaccinology and TherapeuticsHong Kong Science and Technology ParkHong Kong SAR 999077China Academician Workstation of Hainan Province Hainan Medical University-the University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious DiseasesHaikou 571100China School of Biomedical Sciences Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong SAR 999077China NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens Institute of Pathogen Biology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China College of Biology Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical VirologyHunan UniversityChangsha 410082China

there are only eight approved small molecule antiviral drugs for treating *** them,four are nucleotide analogues(remdesivir,Jt001,molnupiravir,and azvudine),while the other four are protease inhibitors(nirmatrelvir,ensitrelvir,leritrelvir,and simnotrelvir-ritonavir).Antiviral resistance,unfavourable drug‒drug interaction,and toxicity have been reported in previous *** there is a dearth of new treatment options for *** this work,a three-tier cell-based screening was employed to identify novel compounds with anti-SARS-CoV-2 *** compound,designated 172,demonstrated broad-spectrum antiviral activity against multiple human pathogenic coronaviruses and different SARS-CoV-2 variants of *** studies validated by reverse genetics showed that compound 172 inhibits the 3-chymotrypsin-like protease(3CLpro)by binding to an allosteric site and reduces 3CLpro dimerization.A drug synergistic checkerboard assay demonstrated that compound 172 can achieve drug synergy with nirmatrelvir in *** vivo studies confirmed the antiviral activity of compound 172 in both Golden Syrian Hamsters and K18 humanized ACE2 ***,this study identified an alternative druggable site on the SARS-CoV-23CLpro,proposed a potential combination therapy with nirmatrelvir to reduce the risk of antiviral resistance and shed light on the development of allosteric protease inhibitors for treating a range of coronavirus diseases.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 High throughput screening Broad-spectrum antiviral treatment 3CLpro inhibitor Allosteric-site inhibitor Animal models Chemical genetics Reverse genetics

Elevated brain temperature under severe heat exposure impairs cortical motor activity and executive function

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 233-244页

作者： Xiang Ren tan Mary C.Stephenson Sharifah Badriyah Alhadad kelvin W.Z.Loh tuck Wah Soong Jason K.W.Lee Ivan C.C.Low Health and Social Sciences Singapore Institute of TechnologySingapore 138683Singapore Human Potential translational Research Programme Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117597Singapore Centre for translational Magnetic Resonance Research Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117549Singapore Department of Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117593Singapore Heat Resilience and Performance Centre Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117510Singapore N.1 Institute for Health National University of SingaporeSingapore 117456Singapore Campus for Research Excellence and technological Enterprise(CREAtE) Singapore 138602Singapore

Background:Excessive heat exposure can lead to hyperthermia in humans,which impairs physical performance and disrupts cognitive *** heat is a known physiological stressor,it is unclear how severe heat stress affects brain physiology and ***:Eleven healthy participants were subjected to heat stress from prolonged exercise or warm water immersion until their rectal temperatures(t_(re))attained 39.5℃,inducing exertional or passive hyperthermia,*** a separate trial,blended ice was ingested before and during exercise as a cooling *** were compared to a control condition with seated rest(normothermic).Brain temperature(t_(br)),cerebral perfusion,and task-based brain activity were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging ***:t_(br)in motor cortex was found to be tightly regulated at rest(37.3℃±0.4℃(mean±SD))despite fluctuations in t_(re).With the development of hyperthermia,t_(br)increases and dovetails with the rising t_(re).Bilateral motor cortical activity was suppressed during high-intensity plantarflexion tasks,implying a reduced central motor drive in hyperthermic participants(t_(re)=38.5℃±0.1℃).Global gray matter perfusion and regional perfusion in sensorimotor cortex were reduced with passive *** function was poorer under a passive hyperthermic state,and this could relate to compromised visual processing as indicated by the reduced activation of left lateral-occipital ***,ingestion of blended ice before and during exercise alleviated the rise in both t_(re)and t_(bc)and mitigated heat-related neural ***:Severe heat exposure elevates t_(br),disrupts motor cortical activity and executive function,and this can lead to impairment of physical and cognitive performance.

关键词： Brain functional activity Cognition Heat stress Hyperthermia Motor function

Chemosensitizing Effect of Monk fruit Extract on Human Bladder Cancer Cells

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Journal of Cancer therapy 2024年第6期15卷 250-264页

作者： Sensuke Konno Jonathan Wong Andrew Penunuri kelvin Zheng Muhammad Choudhury Department of Urology New York Medical College Valhalla New York USA

the outcomes of chemotherapy have been unsatisfactory with the palpable side effects. We hypothesized that natural products might help improve chemotherapy with few side effects. Recently, we came across the bioactive extracts of monk fruit (Siraitia grosvenori) with anticancer activity. We then investigated if these extracts might have chemosensitizing effect to improve the efficacy of drugs clinically used today. four different drugs, cisplatin (CPL), carboplatin (CBL), mitomycin C (MMC), and gemcitabine (GEM), were used in this study. Human bladder cancer t24 cells were treated with each drug itself or drug combined with either LLE or MOG (two types of monk fruit extracts). Cell viability was determined to assess anticancer effect and also explored the anticancer mechanism of such combinations, focusing on the status of glycolysis, cell cycle, and chromatin structure. Cell viability test showed that all drugs had anticancer activity, reducing cell viability, but only CPL showed the enhanced anticancer effect when combined with LLE (not with MOG). the rest of three drugs had no such effects with LLE or MOG. the CPL/LLE combination was found to disrupt glycolysis, by inhibiting hexokinase activity, resulted in the decreased AtP synthesis. this combination also blocked the cell cycle progression, due to a G1 cell cycle arrest. Moreover, the two epigenetic regulators, DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase, were inactivated with the combination, indicating chromatin modifications. Ultimately, these treated cells were found to undergo apoptosis. In conclusion, anticancer activity of CPL can be significantly enhanced with LLE. this chemosensitizing effect is attributed to the glycolysis inhibition, a G1 cell cycle arrest, and chromatin modifications, ultimately leading to apoptosis. thus, certain natural products such as LLE could be used as an adjuvant agent in current chemotherapy, improving the drug efficacy but minimizing side effects.

关键词： Monk fruit Anticancer Bladder Cancer Chemosensitization Lakanto

the Evolutional Development of traditional Chinese Medicine (tCM) Outside the Chinese mainland: Challenges,training, Practice, Research, and future Development

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World Journal of traditional Chinese Medicine 2016年第4期2卷 6-28页

作者： kelvin chan School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences Liverpool John Moores University L3 3AF UK the National Institute of Complementary Medicine Western Sydney University NSW 2560 faculty of Science University of Technology Sydney NSW 2007 Australia

this overview has provided an account of evolutional changes of an experience-based traditional medical practice of traditional Chinese medicine(tCM) towards modernisation to keep up with recent advances in analytical and biomedical sciences, and information technology,which may help readers to understand why applying biomedical research methodology to tCM modernisation, while maintaining the experience-based concepts, principles and heritage of tCM's personalised health and medical approaches in balancing body's functions with physical and mental harmony when facing environmental changes, can contribute to gain global appreciation and acceptance of tCM in healthcare. It is envisaged that such future development and integration with biomedicine-based main-stream medicine(MSM) in practice will provide valuable medical care in the development of future personalised health and medicine as well as tCM product development.

关键词： Evolution of MSM & tCM Challenges training Practice Research Integrative development

Long-term survival after intraluminal brachytherapy for inoperable hilar cholangiocarcinoma: A case report

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第20期11卷 3161-3164页

作者： Siu-Yin chan Ronnie t. Poon kelvin K. Ng Chi-Leung Liu Raymond t. chan Sheung-tat fan Centre for the Study of Liver Disease and Department of Surgery the University of Hong Kong PokfulamHong Kong China Department of Clinical Oncology the University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong China

Surgical resection with a tumor-free margin is the onlycurative treatment for hilar cholangiocarcinoma (Klatskin tumor). However, over half of the patients present late with unresectable tumors. Radiotherapy using external beamirradiation or intraluminal brachytherapy (ILBt) has been used to treat unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma with satisfactory outcome. We reported a patient with unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma surviving more than 6 years after combined external beam irradiation and ILBt.

关键词： Brachytherapy Hilar cholangiocarcinoma

Combined resection and radiofrequency ablation for multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma: Prognosis and outcomes

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第24期16卷 3056-3062页

作者： tan to Cheung kelvin K Ng Kenneth S Chok See Ching chan Ronnie t Poon Chung Mau Lo Sheung tat fan Department of Surgery The University of Hong Kong 102 Pok Fu Lam Road Queen Mary Hospital

AIM: to analyze the combined treatment of resection and intraoperative radiofrequency ablation (RfA) for multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma in terms of prognosis and surgical ***: this study was a retrospective case comparison study using prospectively collected data. the study covered the period from April 2001 to December 2006. the data of 200 patients with histologically confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma were reviewed. Nineteen patients (17 men and 2 women) having received resection in combination with RfA were chosen as subjects of the study (the combination group). fiftyfour patients (43 men and 11 women) having received resection alone were selected for comparison (the resection group). the two groups matched tumor number and tumor size, and all the patients in the two groups displayed no tumor rupture, major vascular involvement and distant metastasis. their demographics, preoperative assessment, disease recurrence patterns, overall survival and diseasefree survival were ***: In the combination group, the medianage was 65 years (range, 3477 years), the median tumor number was 3 (range, 29), and the median tumor size was 6 cm (range, 1.214 cm). In the resection group, the median age was 51.5 years (range, 2780 years, P = 0.003), the median tumor number was 3 (range, 29, P = 0.574), and the median tumor size was 6 cm (range, 114 cm, P = 0.782). the two groups were similar in characteristics of tumors and comorbidities, and had comparable results in preoperative liver function tests. All patients had ChildPugh class A status. Bilobar involvement occurred in 14 patients (73.6%) in the combination group and 3 patients (5.5%) in the resection group (P = 0.04). Six patients (32%) in the combination group and 35 patients (65%) in the resection group underwent major hepatectomy. thirteen patients (68%) in the combination group and 19 patients (35%) in the resection group underwent minor hepatectomy (P = 0.012). the combination group had few

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Radiofrequency ablation Combined resection Resection Cirrhosis

Correlation of work function and stacking fault energy through kelvin probe force microscopy and nanohardness in diluteα-magnesium

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 237-250页

作者： Yigit türe Ali Arslan Kaya Hüseyin Aydin Jiang Peng Servet turan Eskisehir technical University Porsuk Vocational SchoolElectronics and Automation DepartmentProgram of MechatronicsEskisehirTurkey Mugla Sitki Kocman University Engineering FacultyMetallurgy and Materials Engineering DepartmentMuglaTurkey Hüseying Aydın TUBITAK MRCTurkey Jiang Peng Chongqing UniversityChina Eskisehir technical University Engineering FacultyMaterials Science and Engineering DepartmentEskisehirTurkey

Electronic interactions of the Group 2A elements with magnesium have been studied through the dilute solid solutions in binary Mg-Ca,Mg-Sr and Mg-Ba *** investigation incorporated the difference in the‘Work function'(ΔWf)measured via kelvin Probe force Microscopy(KPfM),as a property directly affected by interatomic bond types,*** electronic structure,nanoindentation measurements,and Stacking fault Energy values reported in the *** was shown that the nano-hardness of the solid-solutionα-Mg phase changed in the order of Mg-Ca>Mg-Sr>***,it was shown,by also considering the nano-hardness levels,that SfE of a solid-solution is closely correlated with its‘Work function'***-hardness measurements on the eutectics andΔWf difference between eutectic phases enabled an assessment of the relative bond strength and the pertinent electronic structures of the eutectics in the three *** withΔWf and at least qualitative verification of those computed SfE values with some experimental measurement techniques were considered important as those computational methods are based on zero kelvin degree,relatively simple atomic models and a number of *** asserted by this investigation,if the results of measurement techniques can be qualitatively correlated with those of the computational methods,it can be possible to evaluate the electronic structures in alloys,starting from binary systems,going to ternary and then multi-elemental *** investigation has shown that such a qualitative correlation is *** all,the SfE values are not treated as absolute values but rather become essential in comparative investigations when assessing the influences of alloying elements at a fundamental level,that is,free electron density *** study indicated that the principles of‘electronic metallurgy'in developing multi-elemental alloy systems can be followed via practical experimental methods,i.e.ΔWf measurements using KPf

关键词： Mg alloys Dilute alloys Work function Stacking fault energy kelvin probe force microscopy Short range order Miedema Nanoindentation Eutectics

A comparative study of Salvia miltiorrhiza Radix & Rhizoma raw material and granule products using chromatographic analysis and antioxidant activity

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Journal of traditional Chinese Medical Sciences 2022年第3期9卷 311-320页

作者： Xian Zhou Valentina Razmovski-Naumovski Raynold Mendoza John truong kelvin chan NICM Health Research Institute Western Sydney UniversityWestmead2145Australia South West Sydney Clinical Campuses Faculty of Medicine&HealthUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW2170Australia School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences Liverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolL33AFUK

Objective: Granules of herbal extracts are a popular medicinal preparation consumed in traditional Chinese medicine clinical practice. However, their quality and efficacy evaluation are lacking. this study aimed to compare the quality and anti-oxidant activity of Dan Shen(Salvia miltiorrhiza Radix & Rhizoma)granule extracts with their herbal ***: Chromatographic method was used to determine the content of 7 marker compounds in the water extracts of the herb compared to that of 12 granule extracts. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering(AHC) and principal component analysis(PCA) distinguished the herbal and granule extracts based on the content of the marker compounds. the antioxidant activities of herbal and granule extracts were evaluated by 2, 2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABtS), organic chemical compound 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power(fRAP) ***: the herbal extracts group showed significantly higher contents of salvianolic acid B, sodium danshensu and cryptotanshinone compared with that of the granule group. this corresponded to significantly higher ABtS, DPPH and fRAP(P tivities of the herbal extracts. the AHC and PCA analysis distinguished granule extracts from most herbal extracts predominantly by the content of salvianolic acid ***: the results confirm the need for the assessment of granule products so that healthcare practitioners and consumers are better informed of their quality and efficacy.

关键词： Dan Shen Granule Multivariate analysis Salvia miltiorrhiza Radix&rhizoma Ultra-performance liquid chromatography Antioxidant