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What have we known so far about microplastics in drinking water treatment?A timely review

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022年第5期16卷 39-56页

作者： Jinkai Xue Seyed Hesam-Aldin Samaei Jianfei Chen Ariana Doucet kelvin tsun wai ng Environmental Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering&Applied ScienceUniversity of Regina3737 Wascana ParkwayRegina SK S4S 0A2Canada

Microplastics(MPs)have been widely detected in drinking water sources and tap water,raising the concern of the effectiveness of drinking water treatment plants(DWTPs)in protecting the public from exposure to MPs through drinking *** collected and analyzed the available research articles up to August 2021 on MPs in drinking water treatment(DWT),including laboratory-and full-scale *** article summarizes the major MP compositions(materials,sizes,shapes,and concentrations)in drinking water sources,and critically reviews the removal efficiency and impacts of MPs in various drinking water treatment *** discussed drinking water treatment processes include coagulation-flocculation(CF),membrane filtration,sand filtration,and granular activated carbon(GAC)*** DWT processes that are purposed for particle removal are generally effective in reducing MPs in *** influential factors to MP removal are discussed,such as coagulant type and dose,MP material,shape and size,and water *** is anticipated that better MP removal can be achieved by optimizing the treatment ***,the article framed the major challenges and future research directions on MPs and nanoplastics(NPs)in DWT.

关键词： Microplastics Drinking water treatment Coagulation Flocculation Membrane Filtration

Prostate health index can stratify patients with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score 3 lesions on magnetic resonance imaging to reduce prostate biopsies

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第1期26卷 20-24页

作者： John Shung-Lai Leung wai-Kit Ma Brian Sze-Ho Ho Stacia tsun-tsun Chun Rong Na Yongle Zhan Chi-Yuen ng Chi-Ho Ip Ada Tsui-Lin ng Yiu-Chung Lam Division of Urology Department of SurgeryQueen Mary HospitalUniversity of Hong KongHong KongChina Division of Urology Department of SurgeryPrincess Margaret HospitalHongKongChina

We aim to evaluate prostate health index as an additional risk-stratification tool in patients with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score 3 lesions on multiparametric magnetic resonance *** with biochemical or clinical suspicion of having prostate cancer who underwent multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in two tertiary centers(Queen Mary Hospital and Princess Margaret Hospital,Hong Kong,China)between January 2017 and June 2022 were ***-magnetic resonance imaging fusion biopsies were performed after prostate health index *** who only had Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score 3 lesions were further stratified into four prostate health index risk groups and the cancer detection rates were *** of the 747 patients,47.3%had Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score 3 lesions *** detection rate of clinically significant prostate cancer in this group was 15.0%.The cancer detection rates of clinically significant prostate cancer had statistically significant differences:5.3%in prostate health indexng the patients,26.9%could have avoided a biopsy with a prostate health indexng clinically significant prostate *** health index could be used as an additional risk stratification tool for patients with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score 3 *** could be avoided in patients with low prostate health index,with a small risk of missing clinically significant prostate cancer.

关键词： biopsy fusion biopsy magnetic resonance imaging prostate cancer prostate health index

A UNIQUENESS THEOREM FOR HOLOMORPHIC MAPPIngS IN THE DISK SHARIng TOTALLY GEODESIC HYPERSURFACES

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2022年第4期42卷 1631-1644页

作者： Jiaxing HUAng Tuen wai ng College of Mathematics and Statistics Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China Department of Mathematics The University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong

In this paper,we prove a Second Main Theorem for holomorphic mappings in a disk whose image intersects some families of nonlinear hypersurfaces(totally geodesic hypersurfaces with respect to a meromorphic connection) in the complex projective space P^(k).This is a generalization of Cartan’s Second Main *** a consequence,we establish a uniqueness theorem for holomorphic mappings which intersect O(k^(3)) many totally geodesic hypersurfaces.

关键词： Second Main Theorem meromorphic connection totally geodesic hypersurfaces uniqueness theorem

Investigation of drinking water bacterial community through high-throughput sequencing

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第11期27卷 154-156页

作者： Tsz wai ng Guocheng Huang Po Keung Wong School of Life Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Delivery of safe and pathogen-free drinking water is crucial to public ***,there exist challenges to the maintenance of the sterility of drinking water throughout the drinking water distribution systems（DWDS）.Microbial growth in DWDS,such as growth of opportunistic pathogenic microorganisms,can lead to severe health problems in consumers（Berry et al.,2006;Brettar and Hofle,2006;Lu et al.,2014;Zhang et al.,2015）.

关键词： Drinking water distribution systems Microbial community High-throughput sequencing Water safety

Three-dimensional numerical analysis of plant-soil hydraulic interactions on pore water pressure of vegetated slope under different rainfall patterns

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第9期16卷 3696-3706页

作者： Haowen Guo Charles Wang wai ng Qi Zhang Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina

Understanding the pore water pressure distribution in unsaturated soil is crucial in predicting shallow landslides triggered by rainfall,mainly when dealing with different temporal patterns of rainfall ***,the hydrological response of vegetated slopes,especially three-dimensional(3D)slopes covered with shrubs,under different rainfall patterns remains unclear and requires further *** address this issue,this study adopts a novel 3D numerical model for simulating hydraulic interactions between the root system of the shrub and the surrounding *** series of numerical parametric studies are conducted to investigate the influences of slope inclination,rainfall pattern and rainfall *** rainfall patterns(advanced,bimodal,delayed,and uniform)and two rainfall durations(4-h intense and 168-h mild rainfall)are considered to study the hydrological response of the *** computed results show that 17%higher transpiration-induced suction is found for a steeper slope,which remains even after a short,intense rainfall with a 100-year return *** extreme rainfalls with advanced(PA),bimodal(PB)and uniform(PU)rainfall patterns need to be considered for the short rainfall duration(4 h),while the delayed(PD)and uniform(PU)rainfall patterns are highly recommended for long rainfall durations(168 h).The presence of plants can improve slope stability markedly under extreme rainfall with a short duration(4 h).For the long duration(168 h),the benefit of the plant in preserving pore-water pressure(PWP)and slope stability may not be sufficient.

关键词： Root-soil interactions Rainfall patterns Slope stability Three-dimensional(3D)

Defined hydrogels for spinal cord organoids:challenges and potential applications

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2329-2330页

作者： wai Hon Chooi Yuewen Wu Shi-Yan ng Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology(IMCB) Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore Department of Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore(NUS)SingaporeSingapore

Organoids of the central nervous system,primarily derived from pluripotent stem cells or neural stem cells,are three-dimensional tissue cultures with self-organizing *** exposed to the right combinations of signals,they differentiate into a 3D tissue consisting of complex cytoarchitecture and native cell types,including various neuron subtypes and glial *** features closely mimic native tissues,making them invaluable for developmental studies and disease *** recent years,spinal cord organoids(SCOs)have been developed to investigate spinal cord development,injuries,and various neurological *** an integral part of the central nervous system,SCOs play a vital role and serve as a site for studying both neurodevelopment and neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： properties injuries primarily

Eco-geotechnics for human sustainability

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2022年第12期65卷 2809-2845页

作者： ng Charles Wang wai ZHAng Qi ZHOU Chao NI JunJun Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong 999077China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 999077China School of Transportation Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189China

As a result of climate change and increasing engineering activities, soil-related disasters such as slope failures and sandstorms have become more frequent worldwide. These disasters have caused not only loss of life, but also have led to serious economic losses as well as ecological and environmental damage. To sustain mankind, a new discipline, eco-geotechnics, has rapidly become established and developed in recent years. It integrates scientific knowledge from soil mechanics, rock mechanics,ecology, biology, and atmospheric science to develop cross-disciplinary theories and carry out experiments to tackle grand world challenges such as the effects of climate change. Through the development of eco-geotechnics, various eco-friendly technologies have been developed to mitigate sandstorms and to improve the performance of earthen structures such as embankments, slopes and landfill covers. This state-of-the-art review introduces and discusses the important advances in the field of eco-geotechnics,covering theoretical developments, laboratory testing, centrifuge modelling, field monitoring and engineering ***, the research gaps and future needs of eco-geotechnics are highlighted and discussed.

关键词： sustainability eco-geotechnics atmosphere-plant-soil interactions ecology unsaturated soil mechanics

An AlGaN/GaN HEMT with enhanced breakdown and a near-zero breakdown voltage temperature coefficient

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Chinese Physics B 2013年第2期22卷 361-365页

作者：谢刚汤岑汪涛郭清张波盛况 wai Tung ng College of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang University The Edward S.Rogers Sr.Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Toronto TorontoOntarioCanadaM5S 1A1 State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices University of Electronic Science and Technology of China

An AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistor（HEMT） with a novel source-connected air-bridge field plate（AFP） is experimentally *** device features a metal field plate that jumps from the source over the gate region and lands between the gate and *** compared to a similar size HEMT device with a conventional field plate（CFP） structure,the AFP not only minimizes the parasitic gate to source capacitance,but also exhibits higher OFF-state breakdown voltage and one order of magnitude lower drain leakage *** a device with a gate to drain distance of 6 μm and a gate length of 0.8 μm,three times higher forward blocking voltage of 375 V was obtained at VGS =-5 *** contrast,a similar sized HEMT with a CFP can only achieve a breakdown voltage no higher than 125 V using this process,regardless of device ***,a temperature coefficient of 0 V/K for the breakdown voltage is ***,devices without a field plate（no FP） and with an optimized conventional field plate（CFP） exhibit breakdown voltage temperature coefficients of-0.113 V/K and-0.065 V/K,respectively.

关键词： AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistor air-bridge field plate breakdown voltage breakdown voltage temperature coefficient

Polyvinylpyrrolidone-based bioink:influence of bioink properties on printing performance and cell proliferation during inkjet-based bioprinting

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2023年第6期6卷 676-690页

作者： Wei Long ng Xi Huang Viktor Shkolnikov Ratima Suntornnond wai Yee Yeong HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab Nanyang Technological University(NTU)Singapore 637460Singapore Singapore Centre for 3D Printing(SC3DP) School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological University(NTU)Singapore 639798Singapore HP Inc. Palo AltoCA 94304USA

Among the different bioprinting techniques,the drop-on-demand(DOD)jetting-based bioprinting approach facilitates contactless deposition of pico/nanoliter droplets ofmaterials and cells for optimal cell–matrix and cell–cell *** bioinks play a critical role in the bioprinting process,there is a poor understanding of the influence of bioink properties on printing performance(such as filament elongation,formation of satellite droplets,and droplet splashing)and cell health(cell viability and proliferation)during the DOD jetting-based bioprinting *** inert polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP360,molecular weight=360 kDa)polymerwas used in this study to manipulate the physical properties of the bioinks and investigate the influence of bioink properties on printing performance and cell *** experimental results showed that a higher bioink viscoelasticity helps to stabilize droplet filaments before rupturing from the nozzle *** highly stretched droplet filament resulted in the formation of highly aligned“satellite droplets,”which minimized the displacement of the satellite droplets away from the predefined ***,a significant increase in the bioink viscosity facilitated droplet deposition on the wetted substrate surface in the absence of splashing and significantly improved the accuracy of the deposited main *** analysis showed that cell-laden bioinks with higher viscosity exhibited higher measured average cell viability(%),as the presence of polymer within the printed droplets provides an additional cushioning effect(higher energy dissipation)for the encapsulated cells during droplet impact on the substrate surface,improves the measured average cell viability even at higher droplet impact velocity and retains the proliferation capability of the printed *** the influence of bioink properties(e.g.,bioink viscoelasticity and viscosity)on printing performance and cell proliferation is important for the formulation

关键词： Biofabrication 3D bioprinting Drop-on-demand bioprinting Bioink properties Polyvinylpyrrolidone