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Dengue virus infections and anti-dengue virus activities of Andrographis paniculata

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2020年第2期13卷 49-55页

作者： Mohamed Ali-Seyed kavitha vijayaraghavan Department of Clinical Biochemistry Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TabukTabukSaudi ArabiaTabuk 71491Saudi Arabia Department of Chemical Engineering Agni College of TechnologyChennaiTamil NaduIndia

Dengue is a debilitating disease that poses a perpetual threat to human health and increases the global economic burden every *** advances in medical sciences,dengue virus(DENV)infects approximately 200 million people every *** date,no effective antiviral is valiable to treat DENV in individuals despite great efforts in accomplishing these *** approaches have been used in the search for dengue antiviral like screening of combinatorial compounds against DENV enzymes and structurebased computational *** recent years,investigators have turned their focus into medicinal plants,trying to identify compounds that can be used as dengue *** represents a great reservoir of potential substances that can be explored with the aim of discovering new drugs that can be either used directly as pharmaceuticals or can provide drug leads,which can be scrutinized further for the development of new anti-dengue natural *** previous investigations have dealt with numerous plant extracts or bioactive principles for their antiviral property as they normally considered being safer when compared to synthetic *** paniculata belongs to family Acanthaceae and is generally known as‘king of bitters’.Diverse bioactive compounds from this plant such as diterpenes,flavonoids,xanthones,noriridoides and other miscellaneous compounds have exhibited their potential as therapeutics for various chronic as well as infectious *** review is based on literature review on scientific journals,books and electronic sources,which highlights the pathogenesis of DENV and describe an assortment of bioactive principles that have been possessing antiviral potential,which include dengue and discuss the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of action of Andrographis ***,a detailed and more comprehensive clinical trial on mammalian tissues and organs is needed in future studies.

关键词： Andrographis paniculata Dengue Phytochemicals Natural products Andrographolide

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Entrapment of brown seaweeds(Turbinaria conoides and Sargassum wightii) in polysulfone matrices for the removal of praseodymium ions from aqueous solutions

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Journal of Rare Earths 2015年第11期33卷 1196-1203页

作者： K.vijayaraghavan J.Jegan Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras Department of Civil Engineering University College of Engineering Ramanathapuram Anna University

The aim of the present investigation was to study the potential of two brown seaweeds（Sargassum wightii and Turbinaria conoides） to remove praseodymium ions from solutions. Due to swelling problems, the seaweed biomasses were also immobilized using polysulfone matrices which amplified hydraulic conductivity more than 7.1 times. At optimum pH of 5, maximum Pr（III） uptakes of 131.4, 146.4, 111.2 and 119.5 mg/g were observed for free-S. wightii, free-T. conoides, polysulfone immobilized S. wightii（PISW） and polysulfone immobilized T. conoides（PITC）, respectively. Experimental biosorption isotherms were successfully described using the Langmuir, Freundlich and Sips model. Owing to intraparticle diffusion, rate of Pr（III） sorption by immobilized biosorbents was slow and equilibrium attainment took 240 min compared to only 90 min by free biomasses. However, regeneration of seaweed biomasses for repeated sorption application was only possible with immobilization biosorbents. With 0.1 mol/L HCl as elutant, both PITC and PISW exhibited invariable Pr（III） uptake capacity and very high mechanical stability over 10 sorption-desorption cycles.

关键词： lanthanide rare earth element seaweed biosorption water quality

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Subacute (90 Days) Oral Toxicity Studies of Kombucha Tea

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2000年第4期13卷 293-299页

作者： R.vijayaraghavan MANINDERSINGH 等 towhomcorrespondencetobeaddressed. DefenceResearchandDevelopmentEstablishment JhansiRoadGwalior－474002India

Kombucha tea (KT) is a popular health beverage and is used as an alternative therapy. KT is prepared by placing the kombucha culture in solution of tea and sugar and allowing to ferment. The inoculum is a fungus consisting of symbiotic colony of yeast and bacteria. KT is consumed in several countries and is believed to have prophylactic and therapeutic benefits in a wide variety of ailments, viz., intestinal disorders, arthritis, ageing and stimulation of immunological system. Though KT is used in several parts of the world its beneficial effects and adverse effects have not been scientifically evaluated. Since there are no animal toxicological data on KT, subacute oral toxicity study was carried out. Five groups of rats were maintained: (a) control group given tap water orally, (b) KT given 2 ml/kg orally, (c) plain tea (PT) given 2 ml/kg orally, (d) KT given in drinking water, 1% (v/v) and (e) PT given in drinking water, 1% (v/v). The rats were given this treatment daily for a period of 90 days. Weekly records of weight, feed intake, water intake and general behaviour were monitored. There was no significant difference in the growth of the animals as evidenced by the progressive body weight change. The organ to body weight ratio and histological evaluation did not show any toxic signs. The haematological and biochemical variables were within the clinical limits. The study indicates that rats fed KT for 90 days showed no toxic effects.

关键词： Kombucha茶发酵茶亚急性毒性真菌成分

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Wear behavior of asbestos-free eco-friendly composites for automobile brake materials

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Friction 2016年第2期4卷 144-152页

作者： Ashok Kumar ILANKO Srinivasan vijayaraghavan Department of Manufacturing Engineering Annamalai University Annamalai Nagar 608002 India

The goal of this work is to study the wear behavior of materials that have the potential to be used as brake pad materials under different contact loads and speeds instead of asbestos. The three different brake pad materials studied are flax fiber reinforced phenolic composites (FFRC), basalt fiber reinforced phenolic composites (BFRC), and flax/basalt reinforced hybrid phenolic composites (HFRC). A wear mechanism map was developed by using the fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm method (FCM) to study the wear mechanism of composites. The results showed BFRC to be a better brake pad material than the other fiber reinforced composites studied, because the good thermal characteristics and bonding nature of basalt fiber increased the wear resistance of BFRC considerably.

关键词： wear resistance non-asbestos brake frictional materials eco-friendly composites wear mechanism maps coefficient of friction wear

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Synthesis and Characterization of Bioceramic Calcium Phosphates by Rapid Combustion Synthesis

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2010年第12期26卷 1114-1118页

作者： S.Sasikumar R.vijayaraghavan Materials Division School of Advanced SciencesVIT UniversityVellore 632 014Tamil NaduIndia

Calcium hydroxyapatite （Ca10（PO4）6（OH）2） has been synthesized in short duration by rapid solution combustion by employing different fuels. Calcium nitrate was taken as source of calcium and diammonium hydrogen phosphate served as the source of phosphate ions. Citric acid, tartaric acid, sucrose, glycine and urea were used as the fuels and nitrate ions and nitric acid were used as oxidizers. The influence of fuels on the morphology of the phase formed was studied. Results of the studies by powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed the formation of hydroxyapatite as a major phase for all the fuels. The thermal analysis of the decomposed precursor showed variation in heat content for different fuels. Scanning electron microscopy showed different morphologies of the products obtained by different fuels. Chemical analyses to determine the Ca：P atomic ratio in synthesized ceramics showed that the ratio was 1：1.66.

关键词： Bioceramics Combustion synthesis Thermochemistry Morphology

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Torsional Characteristics of Single Walled Carbon Nanotube with Water Interactions by Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation

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Nano-Micro Letters 2014年第3期6卷 268-279页

作者： V.vijayaraghavan C.H.Wong School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University

The torsional characteristics of single walled carbon nanotube(SWCNT) with water interactions are studied in this work using molecular dynamics simulation method. The torsional properties of carbon nanotubes(CNTs) in a hydrodynamic environment such as water are critical for its key role in determining the lifetime and stability of CNT based nano-fluidic devices. The effect of chirality, defects and the density of water encapsulation is studied by subjecting the SWCNT to torsion. The findings show that the torsional strength of SWCNT decreases due to interaction of water molecules and presence of defects in the SWCNT. Additionally,for the case of water molecules encapsulated inside SWCNT, the torsional response depends on the density of packing of water molecules. Our findings and conclusions obtained from this paper is expected to further compliment the potential applications of CNTs as promising candidates for applications in nano-biological and nano-fluidic devices.

关键词： Carbon nanotube Water interaction Torsion Water encapsulation Nano-fluid Molecular dynamics

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Histomorphological and Histochemical Alterations Following Short-term Inhalation Exposure to Sulfur Mustard on Visceral Organs of Mice

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1999年第3期12卷 201-213页

作者： S·C·PANT R·vijayaraghavan DivisionofpharmacologyandTcxicology DefenceResearchandDevelopmentEstablishmentJhansiRoadGwalior－4740

Toxic effects of inhaled sulfur mustard (SM) on the histology of visceral organs was investigaed by exposing mice to 84. 6mg/m3 for 1h duration, using controlled single exposure conditions. A progressive fall in body weight from third day onwards was noticed. Light microscopic examination of the pulmonary tissue of these animals at 6 h post exposure revealed that the tracheobronchial epithelium remained intact, but was infiltrated by inflammatory cells. By 24 h post exposure, the mucosecretory cells were destroyed. The indanunatory reaction was maximum at 48 h. By 7th day post exposure there was swelling and vacuolation of lung parenchymal cells and thrombi formation. In addition SM caused congestion and hemorrhage at alveolar level. SM also caused granulovacuolar degeneration with perinuclear clumping of the cytopasm of hepatocytes and renal parenchymal cells. Renallesions were chazacterized by congestion and hemorrhage. Among visceral tissues, maximum atrophywas observed in spleen. Distribution of lesions increased with post exposure period. The maximum lesions were observed at 7th day post-exposure.

关键词： Animals Dermatologic Agents Female Hemorrhage Inhalation Exposure Kidney Lung Mice Mustard Gas Time Factors Weight Loss

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Novel acid initiators for the rapid cationic polymerization of styrene in room temperature ionic liquids

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Science China Chemistry 2012年第8期55卷 1671-1676页

作者： vijayaraghavan R. MACFARLANE D. R. Department of Chemistry Monash University Clayton Campus Victoria 3800 Australia

Cationic polymerization of styrene has been achieved using several novel acidic initiators in room temperature ionic liquids (ILs) under mild reaction conditions to obtain polymers of low molecular weight with narrow polydispersity. Both strong protic acids such as bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide acid (HTFSA) and a moderately weak acid such as bisoxalato phosphorous acid (HBOP) have been studied as initiators. It has been observed that HTFSA initiates the polymerization rapidly even at room temperature and below, as compared to HBOP which produces a slower polymerization requiring elevated temperatures to complete. The relative difference in reactivity of the initiators as compared to the previously described HBOB initiator is discussed in terms of the difference in their proton acidity and the consequential basicity of the anions. The efficiency of different ILs as the reaction solvent is also presented.

关键词： cationic polymerization HTFSA HBOP ILs polydispersity

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Preclinical investigation of the pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and protein and red blood cell binding of DRDE-07: a prophylactic agent against sulphur mustard

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2014年第5期4卷 394-401页

作者： Pankaj Verma Rajagopalan vijayaraghavan Department of Pharmaceutics Anand College of PharmacyKeethamAgra 282007India Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Defence Research and DevelopmentEstablishmentGwalior 474002India

DRDE-07,a newly synthesized amifostine analog currently under clinical investigation in a phase I trial,is a potent antidote against sulfur mustard *** purpose of this research was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of DRDE-07 in female Swiss Albino mice after a single oral dose of 400 or 600 mg/*** physicochemical properties of DRDE-07,including solubility,pK a,Log P,plasma protein binding and plasma/blood partitioning,were determined to support the pharmacokinetic ***-07 concentration was determined by an HPLC-UV *** profile of plasma concentration versus time was analyzed using a non-compartmental *** protein binding was assessed using ***-07 appeared rapidly in plasma after oral administration with peak plasma levels(C max)observed in less than 15 *** was a rapid decline in the plasma levels followed by a smaller second peak about 90 min after *** plasma protein binding of DRDE-07 was found to be less than 25%at all concentrations *** clearance of DRDE-07 is expected to be?1.5 fold higher than the blood clearance of *** probable metabolite of DRDE-07 was identified as phenyl-S-ethyl amine.

关键词： DRDE-07 Sulfur mustard Blood–plasma partitioning Protein binding Pharmacokinetics

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Sulphur Mustard Induced Oxidative Stress and Its Prevention by Sodium 2, 3-Dimercapto Propane Sulphonic Acid (DMPS) in Mice

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2000年第3期13卷 225-232页

作者： S．C．PANT R.vijayaraghavan 等 DivisionofPharmacologyandToxicology DefenceResearchandDevelopmentEstablishmentJhansiRoadGwalior－474002India DivisionofPharmacologyandToxicology DefenceResearchandDevelopmentEstabl

Sulphur mustard [bis(2 chloro ethyl) sulfide] (SM), a bifunctional alkylating agent has been frequently used as a chemical warfare agent. In the present study, the effects of sodium 2 3 dimercaptopropane sulphonic acid (DMPS) on some biochemical and histological parameters in mice, exposed to 1/4LC 50 concentration of SM vapor (10.5 mg/m\+3) were examined over a period of seven days. Exposure of SM resulted in a significant loss of blood, hepatic and pulmonary glutathione (GSH) and an elevation of hepatic and pulmonary oxidized glutathione (GSSG). These biochemical changes were accompanied by a number of histopathological alterations. The most prominent was congestion and degeneration in viscera and obliteration of chromatin material. These biochemical and histopathological changes were less marked in animals pre administered with DMPS followed by DMPS exposure indicating some protective value of the thiol (DMPS) against SM induced oxidative injury in mice.

关键词： Animals Female Mice Mustard Gas Oxidative Stress Unithiol

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