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Machine learning approach for label-free rapid detection and identification of virus using Raman spectra

Intelligent Medicine 2023年第1期3卷 22-35页

作者： Rajath Alexander Sheetal Uppal Anusree Dey Amit kaushal Jyoti Prakash kinshuk Dasgupta Glass& Advanced Materials DivisionMaterials GroupBhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai 400085India Homi Bhabha National Institute AnushaktinagarMumbai 400094India Molecular Biology Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai 400085India

Objective:The objective of this study was to develop a robust method for rapid detection and identification of the virus based on Raman spectroscopy combined with machine learning ***:We have used saliva spiked with different bacterial viruses such as P1 Phage,M13 Phage,and Lambda Phage,for demonstrating the utility of this method for virus *** Raman spectra collected from a large number of independent samples,each of different phages with and without saliva were used to train a supervised convolutional neural network(CNN)with its hyperparameters optimized by Bayesian *** CNN method was not only able to detect the presence of a phage but was also able to identify the phage type using unprocessed Raman spectra having high *** addition,a semi-supervised auto-encoder was utilized for differentiating healthy saliva from saliva spiked with phages thereby making it possible to detect the presence of phages in saliva ***:The CNN could identify the virus with an accuracy of 98.86%based on ten-fold cross-validation,precision of 98.8%,recall of 98.7%,and F1 score of 98.7%.The area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic curve was *** was capable of differentiating healthy saliva from the virus spiked saliva with an accuracy of 99.7%in a semi-supervised ***,Raman spectroscopy coupled with machine learning approach was able to directly detect and identify the virus without consuming time for lengthy sample ***:A robust method based on Raman spectroscopy coupled with machine learning may be capable of detection and identification of the virus even from the signal with low intensity and high *** label-free method is fast,sensitive,specific,and cost effective.

关键词： Raman spectroscopy Machine learning Virus Bacteriophage Convolutional neural network Autoencoder

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Health care professional training in biomedical waste management at a tertiary care hospital in India

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2016年第2期30卷 168-170页

作者： Pooja Sarotra Bikash Medhi Vipin kaushal Vikrant kanwar Yogesh Gupta Anil kumar Gupta Department of Pharmacology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh-160012India Department of Hospital Administration Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh-160012India

Dear Editor：Biomedical waste is any waste generated during the diagnosis,treatment or immunization of human beings or animals,in research activities pertaining to or in the production of or testing of biologicals,and all other categories waste generated by healthcare *** includes a broad range of materials from used needles and syringes,soiled dressings,body parts,diagnostic samples,blood,chemicals,pharmaceuticals,

关键词： biomedical professional chemicals India tertiary awareness sanitary hazardous disinfection medicines

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Performance of HEART and TIMI scores in predicting major adverse cardiovascular events(MACEs)of chest pain patients in the emergency department:A prospective observational study

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Journal of Acute Disease 2021年第5期10卷 190-194页

作者： Sonal kaushal Ginoya Samira N.Parikh Department of Emergency Medicine GCS Medical CollegeHospital and Research CentreAhmedabadIndia

Objective:To compare the value of HEART and TIMI scores in predicting major adverse cardiovascular events(MACEs)of patients with chest pain in the emergency department at a tertiary care hospital in Ahmedabad,a city in western ***:A prospective study was conducted on chest pain patients from January to December *** adult patients with non-traumatic chest pain presenting to the emergency department were included,and their HEART and TIMI scores were *** patients were followed up within 4 weeks for monitoring any major adverse cardiac events or *** receiver-operating characteristics(ROC)curve was used to determine the value of HEART and TIMI scores in predicting ***,the specificity,sensitivity,positive predictive value(PPV),and negative predictive value(NPV)of the two scores were assessed and ***:A total of 350 patients were evaluated[mean age(55.03±16.6)years,56.6%of males].HEART score had the highest predictive value of MACEs with an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.98,followed by the TIMI score with an AUC of *** score had the highest specificity of 98.0%(95%CI:96.4%-99.6%),the sensitivity of 75.0%(95%CI:70.7%-79.3%),and PPV of 97.0%(95%CI:94.1%-99.9%)and NPV of 82.5%(95%CI:74.6%-90.4%)for low-risk *** score had a specificity of 95.0%(95%CI:92.4%-97.6%),sensitivity of 75.0%(95%CI:69.4%-80.6%),PPV of 92.3%(95%CI:88.1%-96.5%)and NPV of 82.3%(95%CI:73.8%-90.8%)for low-risk ***:HEART score is an easier and more practical triage instrument to identify chest pain patients with low-risk for MACEs compared to TIMI *** with high HEART scores have a higher risk of MACEs and require early therapeutic intervention and aggressive management.

关键词： Chest pain Emergency Major adverse cardiovascular events MACEs HEART TIMI

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2015年尼泊尔地震触发郎塘冰崩-碎屑流动力学分析

2015年尼泊尔地震触发郎塘冰崩-碎屑流动力学分析

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作者： kaushal RAJ GNYAWALI 上海交通大学

学位级别：硕士

2015年4月25日,尼泊尔中部发生了廓尔喀地震。在强烈的地震作用下郎塘峡谷发生了一起大型冰崩灾害,掩埋山下一个旅游村,造成350多人死亡。这次冰崩存在多个滑源区,运动过程可分为多个阶段,主滑体由冰和碎石的混合物构成。本文利用两相... 详细信息

2015年4月25日,尼泊尔中部发生了廓尔喀地震。在强烈的地震作用下郎塘峡谷发生了一起大型冰崩灾害,掩埋山下一个旅游村,造成350多人死亡。这次冰崩存在多个滑源区,运动过程可分为多个阶段,主滑体由冰和碎石的混合物构成。本文利用两相流模型和***软件分析了郎塘冰崩运动方向的偏转和碎屑流堆积过程,得到冰崩-碎屑流运动过程中碎屑流的速度分布、堆积体分布以及不同滑源区的高度和启动顺序。模拟结果表明,整个冰崩-碎屑流持续时间为140 s,滑坡平均速度约36m/s。冰崩两个不同运动阶段之间的相互作用使其运动路径发生偏转,最终将碎屑流引向山谷的下游,并产生冲击气浪,造成了严重的破坏。基于野外实地调查结果对数值模拟参数和流变模型进行校准。此外,基于Newmark分析法对滑坡启动进行了研究,通过计算每个滑坡的安全系数,并以廓尔喀地震期间记录的地面加速度为标准,判断安全系数是否小于1来确定不同阶段冰崩启动时间。数值模拟中考虑滑坡启动时间可提高模型精度。本文深入探讨了雪线地区发生多阶段冰崩的渐进破坏机制,并解释了由于不同运动阶段相互作用引起的运动路径偏转的原因。研究结果为同类型山区的灾害区划提供了参考

关键词：尼泊尔地震郎塘冰崩 r.avaflow 动力学分析 Newmark分析

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Plant latent defense response to microbial non-pathogenic factors antagonizes compatibility

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National Science Review 2022年第8期9卷 26-34页

作者： Yu Yang Shenglan Chen Xiaoxuan Wu Li Peng Juan I.Vílchez Richa kaushal Xiaomin Liu Sunil k.Singh Danxia He Fengtong Yuan Suhui Lv Rafael J.L.Morcillo Wei Wang Weichang Huang Mingguang Lei Jian-kang Zhu Paul W.Paré Huiming Zhang Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Texas Tech University

Unlike microbe-associated molecular patterns(MAMPs) that are readily targeted by host immunity,microbial non-pathogenic factors(NPFs) appear negligible as they do not elicit defense. Little is known about whether and how NPFs may be monitored by hosts to control compatibility. Herein, a forward genetic screening isolated an Arabidopsis mutant with a loss of plant-rhizobacteria mutualism, leading to the disclosure of a plant latent defense response(LDR) to NPFs. The activation of LDR in the mutant,named rol1 for regulator of LDR 1, is triggered by several non-pathogenic volatile organic compounds and antagonizes plant compatibility with the beneficial bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GB03. The activation of LDR in rol1 is mediated through the prokaryotic pathway of chloroplastic lipid *** rol1 root microbiome showed a reduced proportion of the Bacillaceae family. We propose that, parallel to the forefront immunity to MAMPs, LDR to certain NPFs provides a hidden layer of defense for controlling compatibility with commensal or beneficial microbes.

关键词： microbial non-pathogenic factors latent defense response compatibility plant-beneficial bacteria chloroplastic lipid biosynthesis

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Anomalous Origin of Left Coronary Artery from Main Pulmonary Artery (ALCAPA) Who Underwent Two Coronary System Repair with a Novel Technique

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Open Journal of Clinical Diagnostics 2014年第3期4卷 182-191页

作者： Chandrashekhar Ponde Monika Jawanjal kaushal Pandey Uday Gandhe P.D. Hinduja National Hospital Mahim Mumbai India P.D. Hinduja National Hospital Mahim Mumbai India

We report clinical, CT, invasive coronary angiography and intra-operative findings of a symptomatic elderly man with anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery (ALCAPA). ALCAPA is a rare syndrome with anomalous origin of left main coronary artery (LMCA) from main pulmonary artery (MPA). Survival into adulthood is rare and our case is probably the oldest survivor who has undergone two coronary system repairs for this anomaly. The unique features of our case include: 1) Absence of “q” wave myocardial infarction on ECG;2) Absence of significant mitral regurgitation;3) Demonstration of stress induced perfusion defects in nuclear imaging which as per our knowledge has been done for the first time in the literature;4) A unique technique of closing anomalous LMCA origin by a pericardial patch, sutured on the internal aspect of MPA is the hallmark of this case.

关键词： ALCAPA CT Coronary Angiography Invasive Angiography

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Cytokines Expression Profile and kinetics of Peste des petits ruminants Virus Antigen and Antibody in Infected and Vaccinated Goats

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Virologica Sinica 2012年第4期27卷 265-271页

作者： Arun Patel kaushal kishor Rajak Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan Arnab Sen Shashi Bhusan Sudhakar Veerakyathappa Bhanuprakash Raj kumar Singh Awadh Bihari Pandey Division of Virology Indian Veterinary Research InstituteMukteswar 263138Nainital DistrictUttarakhandIndia Project Directorate on Animal Disease Monitoring And Surveillance(PD_ADMAS) Bangalore 560024KarnatakaIndia Animal Health Division Indian Council of Agricultural Research-North Eastern Hill RegionMeghalaya 793103India Indian Veterinary Research Institute Bangalore 560024KarnatakaIndia National Research Centre on Equines Hisar 125001HaryanaIndia

The present study deals with the co-ordination of cytokine （IL-4 and IFN-7） expression and kinetics of peste des petits ruminants （PPR） virus antigen and antibody in PPRV infected and vaccinated goats. The infected animals exhibited mixed cytokine （both TH1 and TH2） responses in the initial phase of the disease. The infected and dead goats had increased IFN-T response before their death; while IL-4 remained at the base level. The cytokine expression in recovered animals was almost similar to that of vaccinated ones, where a unique biphasic response of IL-4 expression was observed with an up-regulation of IFN-T on 7th days post vaccination （dpv）. Analysis of PPR virus antigen and antibody kinetics in different components of blood from infected and vaccinated animais revealed that the PPR virus antigen load was highest in plasma followed by serum and blood of the infected animals, whereas vaccinated animals showed only marginal positivity on 9th dpv. The antibody titer was high in serum followed by plasma and blood in both vaccinated and infected animals. Therefore, it is inferred that the presence of antigen and antibody were significant with the expression of cytokine, and that a decreased response of IL-4 was noticed during intermediate phase of the disease i.e., 7 to 12m days post infection （dpi）. This indicates the ability to mount a functional TH2 response after 14th dpi could be a critical determinant in deciding the survival of the PPR infected animal.

关键词： Peste despetits ruminants (PPR) Goat Cytokines Real time RT-PCR ELISA

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Regeneration and Genetic Fidelity Analysis of <i>Chlorophytum borivilianum</i>Using Flower Stalk as Explant Source

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2021年第4期12卷 95-107页

作者： Nishant kaushal Anshu Alok Monika kajal kashmir Singh Department of Biotechnology Panjab University Chandigarh India

Chlorophytum borivilianum is a critically endangered plant well known for its medicinal properties for diabetes mellitus, diarrhea, arthritis, sterility, and erectile dysfunction, etc. Due to low viability and long dormancy of seeds, in vitro regeneration is required for large scale cultivation of this plant. In the present study, direct plant regeneration was optimized using flower stalk as explant. Nodal segments of flower stalk were sterilized and kept for direct regeneration on different combinations of BAP and KIN supplemented media. The highest, 15.27 ± 1.14 number of shoots were produced on medium containing BAP (2 mg/L) per nodal segment. The multiple shoot clumps regenerated from flower stalk were separated carefully and kept on rooting media. A maximum of 16.87 ± 1.53 roots per plant was observed in MS media having 0.5 mg/L of NAA. The rooted plantlets were shifted into the pot containing soilrite for hardening and acclimatization. The genetic stability of hardened plants was confirmed by start codon targeted, and inter simple sequence repeats molecular markers. All the 18 randomly selected plantlets showed similar genetic homogeneity to the mother plant. It is the first report on in vitro regeneration along with the genetic fidelity analysis of the

关键词： Chlorophytum borivilianum In Vitro Regeneration SCoT ISSR Genetic Fidelity

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Emitter Quality Optimization Using Lightly Doped Phosphorus Diffusion and Thermal Oxide Anneal for Cell Efficiency Improvement in Multi-Crystalline Black Silicon Solar Cells

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2022年第3期10卷 35-47页

作者： kishan Shetty Yudhbir kaushal Nagesh Chikkaiah Chandra Mauli kumar Tata Power Solar Systems Limited Bangalore India

Improving solar cell performance by increasing solar cell efficiency by various process optimization had always been a simple straight-forward methodology followed in a R&D or in a solar cell manufacturing company. This is also the most cost-effective practice to improve a product performance using the same technology without the need to procure alternative or expensive raw materials or by adopting advanced solar cell processing techniques. Aluminium Back Surface Field (Al-BSF) technology using multi-crystalline wafers (mc-Si) had been a well-established and a dominant product in the solar industry for more than two decades. However, as the industry progresses, the demand for high efficiency solar cells and modules started going up and full area Aluminium BSF based cells suffers from a lot of inherent limitations on cell efficiency. This is primarily due to the intrinsic high density of crystal lattice defects or otherwise called as grain boundary defects present dominantly only in mc-Si wafers. These grain boundaries tends to accumulate several defects and become trap centres which cause high recombination for minority carriers thereby exhibiting lower conversion efficiency and higher dispersion in electrical parameters in batches of tested cells. Years of research using this material have helped to derive the maximum benefits using this mc-Si wafer in producing industrial full area BSF cells and we can say with certainty that the efficiency potential has reached the saturation point with this technology. An interesting development that happened in the area of improving the final product performance using mc-Si wafers at both cell and module level, is by replacing the conventional acid texturing process with an introduction of a nano-texturing process called Metal Catalysed Chemical Etching (MCCE) using specialized chemicals which improves the light trapping capabilities by creation of inverted pyramid texture on the silicon wafer surface and thereby enabling the w

关键词： Lightly Doped Emitter Oxidation Annealing Metal Catalyst Chemical Etching Phosphorus Silicate Glass Diffusion

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Experimental Studies on Thermal Performance of a Pulsating Heat Pipe with Methanol/DI Water

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Journal of Electronics Cooling and Thermal Control 2013年第1期3卷 27-34页

作者： Bhawna Verma Vijay Lakshmi Yadav kaushal kumar Srivastava Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Banaras Hindu University Varanasi India

The effect of working fluid on the start-up and thermal performance in terms of thermal resistance and heat transfer coefficient of a pulsating heat pipe have been studied in the present paper. Methanol and de-ionized water has been selected as the working fluid. The minimum startup power for DI water was obtained at 50% filling ratio and for methanol at 40%. The optimum filling ratio in terms of minimum startup power and minimum thermal resistance was 50% for DI water and 40% for methanol. The minimum thermal resistances for DI water and methanol were observed at vertical orientation. The evaporator side heat transfer coefficient for water was slightly more, while the condenser side heat transfer coefficient was appreciably more than that of methanol. Studies were also conducted for start-up time and temperature at different orientations and it was found that the PHP charged with methanol worked efficiently at all orientations.

关键词： Pulsating Heat Pipe Start-Up Power Working Fluid Thermal Resistance Heat Transfer Coefficient

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